scholarly journals A Novel Fast Photothermal Therapy Using Hot Spots of Gold Nanorods for Malignant Melanoma Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Yao ◽  
Nannan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Qiaofeng Dai ◽  
Haiying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
A375 Cells

In this paper, the plasmon resonance effects of gold nanorods was used to achieve rapid photothermal therapy for malignant melanoma cells (A375 cells). After incubation with A375 cells for 24 h, gold nanorods were taken up by the cells and gold nanorod clusters were formed naturally in the organelles of A375 cells. After analyzing the angle and space between the nanorods in clusters, a series of numerical simulations were performed and the results show that the plasmon resonance coupling between the gold nanorods can lead to a field enhancement of up to 60 times. Such high energy localization causes the temperature around the nanorods to rise rapidly and induce cell death. In this treatment, a laser as low as 9.3 mW was used to irradiate a single cell for 20 s and the cell died two h later. The cell death time can also be controlled by changing the power of laser which is focused on the cells. The advantage of this therapy is low laser treatment power, short treatment time, and small treatment range. As a result, the damage of the normal tissue by the photothermal effect can be greatly avoided.

scholarly journals The Induction of Apoptosis in A375 Malignant Melanoma Cells bySutherlandia frutescens

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola B. van der Walt ◽  
Zahra Zakeri ◽  
Marianne J. Cronjé
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Caspase Activation ◽  
Nuclear Condensation ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Apoptosis Inducing Factor ◽  
A375 Melanoma Cell Line ◽  
A375 Cells

Sutherlandia frutescensis a medicinal plant indigenous to Southern Africa and is commonly known as the “cancer bush.” This plant has traditionally been used for the treatment of various ailments, although it is best known for its claims of activity against “internal” cancers. Here we report on its effect on melanoma cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an extract ofS. frutescenscould induce apoptosis in the A375 melanoma cell line and to outline the basic mechanism of action.S. frutescensextract induced apoptosis in A375 cells as evidenced by morphological features of apoptosis, phosphatidylserine exposure, nuclear condensation, caspase activation, and the release of cytochromecfrom the mitochondria. Studies in the presence of a pan-caspase inhibitor allude to caspase-independent cell death, which appeared to be mediated by the apoptosis inducing factor. Taken together, the results of this study show thatS. frutescensextract is effective in inducing apoptosis in malignant melanoma cells and indicates that furtherin vivomechanistic studies may be warranted.

scholarly journals Treatment of melanoma cells with the synthetic retinoid CD437 induces apoptosis via activation of AP-1 in vitro, and causes growth inhibition in xenografts in vivo.

1996 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 1889-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Schadendorf ◽  
M A Kern ◽  
M Artuc ◽  
H L Pahl ◽  
T Rosenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Synthetic Retinoid ◽  
Human Melanoma Cells

Human malignant melanoma is notoriously resistant to pharmacological modulation. We describe here for the first time that the synthetic retinoid CD437 has a strong dose-dependent antiproliferative effect on human melanoma cells (IC50: 5 x 10(-6) M) via the induction of programmed cell death, as judged by analysis of cell morphology, electron microscopical features, and DNA fragmentation. Programmed cell death was preceded by a strong activation of the AP-1 complex in CD437-treated cells as demonstrated by gel retardation and chloramphenicol transferase (CAT) assays. Northern blot analysis showed a time-dependent increase in the expression of c-fos and c-jun encoding components of AP-1, whereas bcl-2 and p53 mRNA levels remained constant. CD437 also exhibited a strong growth inhibitory effect on MeWo melanoma cells in a xenograft model. In tissue sections of CD437-treated MeWo tumors from these animals, apoptotic melanoma cells and c-fos overexpressing cells were colocalized by TdT-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-digoxigenin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and in situ hybridization. Taken together, this report identifies CD437 as a retinoid that activates and upregulates the transcription factor AP-1, leading eventually to programmed cell death of exposed human melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether synthetic retinoids such as CD437 represent a new class of retinoids, which may open up new ways to a more effective therapy of malignant melanoma.

Multiple gold nanorods@hierarchically porous silica nanospheres for efficient multi-drug delivery and photothermal therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1642-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Dechao Niu ◽  
Xiaobo Jia ◽  
Jianping He ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
Silica Nanospheres ◽  
Hierarchically Porous ◽  
Silica Nanocomposites ◽  
Hierarchically Porous Structure

Gold-based silica nanocomposites with hierarchically porous structure, as well as excellent photothermal effect, have shown great potentials in biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Efficacy, long-term toxicity, and mechanistic studies of gold nanorods photothermal therapy of cancer in xenograft mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (15) ◽  
pp. E3110-E3118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa R. K. Ali ◽  
Mohammad Aminur Rahman ◽  
Yue Wu ◽  
Tiegang Han ◽  
Xianghong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Maximal Induction

Gold nanorods (AuNRs)-assisted plasmonic photothermal therapy (AuNRs-PPTT) is a promising strategy for combating cancer in which AuNRs absorb near-infrared light and convert it into heat, causing cell death mainly by apoptosis and/or necrosis. Developing a valid PPTT that induces cancer cell apoptosis and avoids necrosis in vivo and exploring its molecular mechanism of action is of great importance. Furthermore, assessment of the long-term fate of the AuNRs after treatment is critical for clinical use. We first optimized the size, surface modification [rifampicin (RF) conjugation], and concentration (2.5 nM) of AuNRs and the PPTT laser power (2 W/cm2) to achieve maximal induction of apoptosis. Second, we studied the potential mechanism of action of AuNRs-PPTT using quantitative proteomic analysis in mouse tumor tissues. Several death pathways were identified, mainly involving apoptosis and cell death by releasing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) (NETosis), which were more obvious upon PPTT using RF-conjugated AuNRs (AuNRs@RF) than with polyethylene glycol thiol-conjugated AuNRs. Cytochrome c and p53-related apoptosis mechanisms were identified as contributing to the enhanced effect of PPTT with AuNRs@RF. Furthermore, Pin1 and IL18-related signaling contributed to the observed perturbation of the NETosis pathway by PPTT with AuNRs@RF. Third, we report a 15-month toxicity study that showed no long-term toxicity of AuNRs in vivo. Together, these data demonstrate that our AuNRs-PPTT platform is effective and safe for cancer therapy in mouse models. These findings provide a strong framework for the translation of PPTT to the clinic.

scholarly journals Gold Nanorod Bioconjugates for Active Tumor Targeting and Photothermal Therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadiyah N. Green ◽  
Dmitry V. Martyshkin ◽  
Cynthia M. Rodenburg ◽  
Eben L. Rosenthal ◽  
Sergey B. Mirov
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Egfr Antibody

The mastery of active tumor targeting is a great challenge in near infrared photothermal therapy (NIRPTT). To improve efficiency for targeted treatment of malignant tumors, we modify the technique of conjugating gold nanoparticles to tumor-specific antibodies. Polyethylene glycol-coated (PEGylated) gold nanorods (GNRs) were fabricated and conjugated to an anti-EGFR antibody. We characterized the conjugation efficiency of the GNRs by comparing the efficiency of antibody binding and the photothermal effect of the GNRs before and after conjugation. We demonstrate that the binding efficiency of the antibodies conjugated to the PEGylated GNRs is comparable to the binding efficiency of the unmodified antibodies and 33.9% greater than PEGylated antibody-GNR conjugates as reported by Liao and Hafner (2005). In addition, cell death by NIRPTT was sufficient to kill nearly 90% of tumor cells, which is comparable to NIRPTT with GNRs alone confirming that NIRPTT using GNRs is not compromised by conjugation of GNRs to antibodies.

In situ tuning of gold nanorod plasmon through oxidative cyanide etching

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 15619-15624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aquiles Carattino ◽  
Saumyakanti Khatua ◽  
Michel Orrit
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Plasmon Resonance ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Red Shift ◽  
Gold Nanorod

Single gold nanorods exhibit great opportunities for bio-sensing, enhanced spectroscopies and photothermal therapy. We show how to red-shift the plasmon resonance of single nanorods controllably.

Polypyrrole-stabilized gold nanorods with enhanced photothermal effect towards two-photon photothermal therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (22) ◽  
pp. 4539-4545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiling Du ◽  
Anhe Wang ◽  
Jinbo Fei ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Junbai Li
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Gold Nanorods ◽  
Photothermal Therapy ◽  
Photothermal Effect ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
The Core ◽  
Shell Composite

The core–shell composite of Au–polypyrrole nanorods with high two-photon photothermal effect and stability could efficiently kill tumor cells under irradiation.

scholarly journals Metformin Increases Sensitivity of Melanoma Cells to Cisplatin by Blocking Exosomal-Mediated miR-34a Secretion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lan Ge ◽  
Yaguang Wu ◽  
Ming Wan ◽  
Yi You ◽  
Zhifang Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Melanoma Cell Line ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Cisplatin Resistance ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
First Time ◽  
A375 Cells

Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer derived from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes. Cisplatin (CDDP) is widely used in the treatment of different types of tumors with high response rates, but it generally has low efficiency in melanoma. This study aimed to investigate whether metformin could sensitize the melanoma cell line A375 to cisplatin. Our results for the first time indicated that CDDP increased the miR-34a secretion by exosomes in melanoma A375 cells, which was, at least partially, related to the cisplatin resistance of melanoma cells. Moreover, metformin significantly sensitized A375 cells to cisplatin. Mechanistically, metformin significantly blocked the exosome-mediated miR-34a secretion induced by cisplatin. Our study not only reveals a novel mechanism that exosomal secretion of miR-34a is involved in the cisplatin resistance of melanoma cells but also provides a promising therapeutic strategy by synergistic addition of metformin.

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