scholarly journals Interesterified Palm Olein (IEPalm) and Interesterified Stearic Acid-Rich Fat Blend (IEStear) Have No Adverse Effects on Insulin Resistance: A Randomized Control Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen Ng ◽  
Phooi Voon ◽  
Tony Ng ◽  
Verna Lee ◽  
Miskandar Mat Sahri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Palm Olein ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydrogenated Oils ◽  
Overweight Adult

Chemically-interesterified (CIE) fats are trans-fat free and are increasingly being used as an alternative to hydrogenated oils for food manufacturing industries to optimize their products’ characteristics and nutrient compositions. The metabolic effects of CIE fats on insulin activity, lipids, and adiposity in humans are not well established. We investigated the effects of CIE fats rich in palmitic (C16:0, IEPalm) and stearic (C18:0, IEStear) acids on insulin resistance, serum lipids, apolipoprotein concentrations, and adiposity, using C16:0-rich natural palm olein (NatPO) as the control. We designed a parallel, double-blind clinical trial. Three test fats were used to prepare daily snacks for consumption with a standard background diet over a period of 8 weeks by three groups of a total of 85 healthy, overweight adult volunteers. We measured the outcome variables at weeks 0, 6, and at the endpoint of 8. After 8 weeks, there was no significant difference in surrogate biomarkers of insulin resistance in any of the IE fat diets (IEPalm and IEStear) compared to the NatPO diet. The change in serum triacylglycerol concentrations was significantly lower with the IEStear diet, and the changes in serum leptin and body fat percentages were significantly lower in the NatPO-diet compared to the IEPalm diet. We conclude that diets containing C16:0 and C18:0-rich CIE fats do not affect markers of insulin resistance compared to a natural C16:0-rich fat (NatPO) diet. Higher amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and longer chain SFAs situated at the sn-1,3 position of the triacylglycerol (TAG) backbones resulted in less weight gain and lower changes in body fat percentage and leptin concentration to those observed in NatPO and IEStear.

scholarly journals SAT-040 Changes in Metabolic Parameters After Administration of Novel Oral Androgens with Progestational Activity for 28 Days

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Yuen ◽  
Arthi Thirumalai ◽  
Ronald S Swerdloff ◽  
Peter Y Liu ◽  
Youngju Pak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Background: While the metabolic effects of testosterone have been well studied, the effects of co-administration of an androgen and progestin are less established. Two novel compounds being investigated for male hormonal contraception, dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU) and 11β-methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate (11β-MNTDC), have both androgenic and progestational activity. Aim: Characterize the effects of DMAU and 11β-MNTDC on metabolic parameters including weight, lipid parameters, insulin resistance, and adiponectin. Methods: Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in healthy men were previously performed to assess the safety and tolerability of DMAU and 11β-MNTDC taken orally for 28 days. Insulin and adiponectin assays were performed on a subset of banked samples. Changes in weight, LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, and adiponectin were assessed. Two way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey HSD was performed to assess for dosage (0, 200, or 400mg) and drug (DMAU or 11β-MNTDC) effects. Results: A total of 85 subjects were included in this secondary analysis. There was a statistically significant decrease in HDL-C (mean change -11 and -15 mg/dL) and increase in weight (3 and 2 kg) and LDL-C (18 and 23 mg/dL) in the DMAU and 11β-MNTDC 400mg groups respectively. There was no significant difference between the 200 and 400 mg groups nor differences between the two androgens. There were no statistically significant changes in fasting glucose, adiponectin or HOMA-IR. Conclusion: There were mild changes in weight, HDL-C, and LDL-C after 28 days of DMAU and 11β-MNTDC without significant changes in markers of insulin resistance or differences between the two compounds. Changes in metabolic parameters should be monitored and considered during further development of compounds for male hormonal contraception.

scholarly journals Effects of Daily Kelp (Laminaria japonica) Intake on Body Composition, Serum Lipid Levels, and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Healthy Japanese Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Seiichiro Aoe ◽  
Chiemi Yamanaka ◽  
Hirofumi Ohtoshi ◽  
Fumiko Nakamura ◽  
Suguru Fujiwara
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Laminaria Japonica ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Serum Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Japanese Subjects

To investigate whether supplementation with iodine-reduced kelp (Laminaria japonica) powder decreases body fat composition in overweight Japanese subjects, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study was conducted in 50 Japanese subjects with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 and <30 kg/m2. Subjects were randomly assigned to consume thirty tablets/d (10 tablets orally, 3 times/d) containing either iodine-reduced kelp powder (test, 6 g kelp powder corresponding to 3 g alginate/d) or kelp-free powder (placebo) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, blood lipids, and serum thyroid hormone levels were obtained before and after the trial. Body fat percentage was significantly decreased in male subjects from the test group compared with the placebo group. The same tendency was observed for body weight (p = 0.065) and BMI (p = 0.072) in male subjects. No significant changes in anthropometric measurements or visceral fat area were observed in female subjects. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations did not increase after 1.03 mg/d of iodine supplementation through kelp intake. The intake of iodine-reduced kelp powder led to significant and safe reductions in body fat percentage in overweight male subjects. The consumption of kelp high in alginate may contribute to preventing obesity without influencing thyroid function in Japanese subjects with a relatively high intake of iodine from seaweed.

Comparison of CrossFit Barbara and classic resistance trainings for the protection of strength performance during off-season in kickboxers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cebrail Gençoğlu ◽  
İlhan Şen
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Push Up

BACKGROUND: The inability of athletes to train or the decrease in the intensity and frequency of training may cause athletes to lose performance. Particularly in view of the current COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining strength outside the normal framework provides an advantage to athletes for the next competitions. OBJECTIVE: To compare the CrossFit Barbara which can be applied easily at home during the off-season or some situations such as the epidemic limitation to classic resistance training methods used to maintain the strength performance of national kickboxers. METHODS: Forty-three national kickboxers, CrossFit (CF, n= 22), and resistance training (RT, n= 21), participated in this study. While CF performed 20 pull-ups, 30 push-ups, 40 sit-ups, and 50 squat exercises, RT performed bench press, lat pull down, leg press, biceps curl, and triceps extension exercises twice per week for six weeks. Before and after the six weeks, the following variables were measured; body mass (BM) and body fat percentage (FP), VO2max, bench press (BP), squat (SQ), leg strength (LS), hand grip strength (HGS), pull-up, push-up and counter movement jump (CMJ). RESULTS: BP (p< 0.001, F= 41.125, ηp2= 0.501), SQ (p< 0.001, F= 26.604, ηp2= 0.394), LS (p< 0.001, F= 15.234, ηp2= 0.271), push-up (p< 0.001, F= 31.978, ηp2= 0.438) and pull-up (p< 0.001, F= 24.410, ηp2= 0.373) values changed significantly in group-time interaction between CF and RT groups, while there was no significant difference for the BM (p= 0.198, F= 1.715, ηp2= 0.040), Fat (p= 0.265, F= 1.279, ηp2= 0.030), HGS (p= 0.665, F= 0.190, ηp2= 0.005, CMJ (p= 0.054, F= 3.946, ηp2= 0.088) and VO2max (p=0.747, F= 0.106, ηp2= 0.003). Furthermore, according to the before and after study values, BP, SQ, LS, and CMJ decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while BM, FP, HGS, VO2max, pull-up and push-up variables did not in the CF (p> 0.05). In the RT, the pull-up and push-up variables decreased significantly (p< 0.05) while there was no significant difference for BP, SQ, LS, HGS, VO2max, body mass, body fat percentage and CMJ (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION: CF Barbara workout was more effective in maintaining strength endurance performances, and RT in maintaining maximum strength performances. According to the individual performance needs of athletes, reasonable training method can be used to prevent performance decrement in the strength domain.

Rehydration with a Caffeinated Beverage during the Nonexercise Periods of 3 Consecutive Days of 2-a-Day Practices

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Fiala ◽  
Douglas J. Casa ◽  
Melissa W. Roti
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
Mild Heat ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Point

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of rehydration with a caffeinated beverage during non exercise periods on hydration status throughout consecutive practices in the heat. Ten (7 women, 3 men) partially heat-acclimated athletes (age 24 ± ly, body fat 19.2 ± 2%, weight 68.4 ± 4.0 kg, height 170 ± 3 cm) completed 3 successive days of 2-a-day practices (2 h/ practice, 4 h/d) in mild heat (WBGT = 23 °C). The 2 trials (double-blind, random, cross-over design) included; 1) caffeine (CAF) rehydrated with Coca-Cola® and 2) caffeine-free (CF) rehydrated with Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola®. Urine and psychological measures were determined before and after each 2-h practice. A significant difference was found for urine color for the post-AM time point, F = 5.526, P = 0.031. No differences were found among other variables (P > 0.05). In summary, there is little evidence to suggest that the use of beverages containing caffeine during non exercise might hinder hydration status.

scholarly journals Body mass index and waist circumference are better predictors of insulin resistance than total body fat percentage in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (39) ◽  
pp. e8126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiu-Hua Cheng ◽  
Yu-Chung Tsao ◽  
I-Shiang Tzeng ◽  
Hai-Hua Chuang ◽  
Wen-Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals SUN-637 The Impact of Hyperandrogenemia and Western-Style Diet on Post-Pregnancy Metabolism in Nonhuman Primates

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Lynn Takahashi ◽  
Emily Mishler ◽  
Ov Daniel Slayden ◽  
Jon D Hennebold ◽  
Charles T Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Primate Model ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often is associated with hyperandrogenemia and an increased incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. To understand the separate and combined effects of androgens and obesity on reproductive and metabolic parameters, our group established a nonhuman primate model consisting of animals receiving either testosterone (T, mean value of 1.4 ng/mL), an obesogenic western-style diet (WSD, 36% of calories from fat compared to 16% in normal monkey chow), or a combination of T+WSD. T+WSD increased insulin resistance compared to WSD alone after three years of treatment and reduced fertility. Those T+WSD animals that became pregnant had a mild worsening of glucose homeostasis during pregnancy. The current study sought to determine how T+WSD affected post-pregnancy metabolic health and whether T+WSD led to the worsening of insulin resistance after pregnancy. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ivGTT) were performed 1) before pregnancy, 2) approximately 3-4 months after C-section, which occurred between gestational day 130-135 (3rd trimester), and 3) one year post C-section. All animal groups tended to show increases in weight, BMI, and body fat percentage after pregnancy. Both WSD groups (WSD and T+WSD) had higher overall weights, BMI, and body fat percentages. Measures of insulin sensitivity such as fasting insulin, glucose, and insulin area under the curves during an ivGTT and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) all increased over time, but there were no differences between groups. The lack of treatment effect on measures of insulin resistance may be due to the fact that animals that did not become pregnant had significantly higher indices of insulin resistance. Experimental animals underwent a second round of fertility trials thereby allowing for a comparison of glucose homeostasis for those animals that became pregnant in both the 1st and 2nd trial. The WSD group demonstrated increased fasting glucose and glucose AUC during an early third trimester ivGTT in the second pregnancy compared to the first. The control, T, and T+WSD groups did not show significant differences in glucose homeostasis between the first and second pregnancy. These findings indicate that WSD consumption may increase the risk of worsened glucose homeostasis after pregnancy and during subsequent pregnancies. Testosterone, either in isolation or in combination with WSD, did not appear to have a significant impact on post-pregnancy metabolism or worsen metabolic outcomes in a second pregnancy.

scholarly journals Body fat distribution and metabolic consequences — Examination opportunities in dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Müller ◽  
Eszter Kollár ◽  
Lajos Balogh ◽  
Zita Pöstényi ◽  
Teréz Márián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fat Volume

The relationship between metabolic disorders and the distribution of fat in different body regions is not clearly understood in humans. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable method for assessing the regional distribution of fat deposits and their metabolic effects in dogs. Twenty-five dogs were subjected to computed tomographic (CT) imaging and blood sampling in order to characterise their metabolic status. The different fat areas were measured on a cross-sectional scan, and the animals’ metabolic status was evaluated by measuring fasting glucose, insulin and leptin levels. The volume of visceral adipose tissue is the main determinant of leptin levels. The correlation of visceral fat volume and leptin concentration was found to be independent of insulin levels or the degree of insulin resistance. There was a positive correlation between the visceral to subcutaneous fat volume ratio and serum insulin concentration, and a similar trend was observed in the relationship of fat ratio and insulin resistance. The distribution of body fat essentially influences the metabolic parameters in dogs, but the effects of adiposity differ between humans and dogs. The findings can facilitate a possible extrapolation of results from animal studies to humans with regard to the metabolic consequences of different obesity types.

Comparison of High-Intensity Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Fat Percentage in Persons With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nivash Rugbeer ◽  
Demitri Constantinou ◽  
Georgia Torres
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intensity Training

Background: High-intensity training is comprised of sprint interval training (SIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study compared high-intensity training with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fat percentage for overweight or obese persons. Methods: A systematic search of randomized controlled trials using the health science databases occurred up to April, 2020. Twenty-six studies were included for complete analysis. A total of 784 participations were analyzed. The unstandardized mean difference for each outcome measurement was extracted from the studies and pooled with the random effects model. Results: MICT was significantly better at improving CRF compared with SIT (mean difference = −0.92; 95% confidence interval, −1.63 to −0.21; P = .01; I2 = 10%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between MICT versus HIIT on CRF (mean difference = −0.52; 95% confidence interval, −1.18 to 0.13; P = .12; I2 = 23%). There was no significant difference in body fat percentage between MICT versus HIIT and MICT versus SIT. Conclusions: MICT was significantly better at improving CRF than SIT in overweight or obese persons.

scholarly journals Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Obesity and Its Relation to Metabolic Health Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Poessel ◽  
Nora Breuer ◽  
Akshita Joshi ◽  
André Pampel ◽  
Arno Villringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist Height Ratio

Smell perception plays an important role in eating behavior and might be involved in body weight gain. Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) from 18.9 to 45.4 kg/m2 (mean = 28.58 ± 6.64). Moreover, we obtained psychophysiological data on olfactory ability (Sniffin’ Sticks, Food associated odor test) and self-report measurements on eating behavior. Additionally, we collected parameters associated with metabolic health in obesity (waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, leptin levels, body fat percentage, fat mass index, insulin resistance) to investigate recently proposed mechanistic explanatory models of why olfaction may be altered in obesity. We showed that OB volume was significantly lower in participants with obesity when compared to those of normal weight. Moreover, we found weak to moderate negative correlations between OB volume and BMI and related measures of metabolic health, especially leptin, body fat percentage, waist-height ratio and insulin resistance. However, neither OB volume nor BMI were related to olfactory function in our young and healthy sample. Nevertheless, our results provide first indications that obesity is associated with brain anatomical changes in the OBs.

Relationship between body fat percentage and insulin resistance in adults with Bmi values below 25 Kg/M2 in a private clinic

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2855-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo A. Zegarra-Lizana ◽  
Elizabeth J. Ramos-Orosco ◽  
Mirella Guarnizo-Poma ◽  
Betzi Pantoja-Torres ◽  
Socorro Paico-Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Private Clinic ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage
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