scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers in Anorexia Nervosa: An Exploratory Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Dalton ◽  
Iain Campbell ◽  
Raymond Chung ◽  
Gerome Breen ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Clinically Significant

Inflammation has been suggested to play a pathophysiological role in anorexia nervosa (AN). In this exploratory cross-sectional study, we measured serum concentrations of 40 inflammatory markers (including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in people with AN (n = 27) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 13). Many of these inflammatory markers had not been previously quantified in people with AN. Eating disorder (ED) and general psychopathology symptoms were assessed. Body mass index (BMI) and body composition data were obtained. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-15, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 concentrations were significantly elevated and concentrations of BDNF, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A were significantly lower in AN participants compared to HCs. Age, BMI, and percentage body fat mass were identified as potential confounding variables for several of these inflammatory markers. Of particular interest is that most of the quantified markers were unchanged in people with AN, despite them being severely underweight with evident body fat loss, and having clinically significant ED symptoms and severe depression and anxiety symptoms. Future research should examine the replicability of our findings and consider the effect of additional potential confounding variables, such as smoking and physical activity, on the relationship between AN and inflammation.

scholarly journals Differences in the relationship between BMI and percentage body fat between Japanese and Australian-Caucasian young men

2006 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1002-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaharu Kagawa ◽  
Deborah Kerr ◽  
Hayato Uchida ◽  
Colin W Binns
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Japanese Men ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
The Relationship

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine ethnic and environmental influences on the relationship between BMI and percentage body fat, using a sample of 144 Japanese and 140 Australian-Caucasian men living in Australia, and eighty-eight Japanese men living in Japan. Body composition was assessed by anthropometry using standard international methods (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol). Body density was predicted using Durnin and Womersley's (1974) equation, and percentage body fat was calculated from Siri's (1961) equation.Significant (P<0·05) ethnic differences in stature, body mass and BMI were observed between Japanese and Australian men, but no ethnic differences were observed in their percentage body fat and height-corrected sum of skinfold thicknesses. No differences were found in the BMI–percentage body fat relationship between the Japanese subjects living in Australia and in Japan. Significant (P<0·05) ethnic differences in the BMI–percentage body fat relationship observed from a comparison between pooled Japanese men(aged 18–40 years, BMI range 16·6–32·8kg/m2) andAustralians (aged 18–39 years, BMI range 16·1–31·4kg/m2) suggest that Japanese men are likely to havea greater percentage body fat than Australian men at any given BMI value.From the analyses, the Japanese men were estimated to have an equivalent amount of body fat to the Australian men at BMI values that were about 1·5 units lower than those of the Australians (23·5kg/m2 and 28·2kg/m2, respectively).It was concluded that Japanese men have greater body fat deposition than Australian-Caucasians at the same BMI value. Japanese men may therefore require lower BMI cut-off points to identify obese individuals compared with Australian-Caucasian men.

scholarly journals PYY Levels and Relationship to Appetite Across Different Presentations of Anorexia Nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A632-A632
Author(s):  
Maged Muhammed ◽  
Franziska Plessow ◽  
Kendra Rosamond Becker ◽  
Helen B Murray ◽  
Lauren Breithaupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives: While the pathophysiology of eating disorders is not well understood, there is evidence that anorexigenic peptide YY (PYY) may play a role. We have shown that PYY levels are high in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and associated with subjective appetite. However, it is unclear whether this represents a general characteristic across AN presentations. Here we investigate PYY levels and their associations with subjective appetite in individuals with atypical (atypAN), binge/purge type (AN-BP), and restricting type (AN-R) AN compared to healthy controls (HC). We hypothesized that PYY levels would be high in all AN presentations compared to HC and associated with subjective appetite. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 106 females (26 atypAN, 11 AN-BP, 29 AN-R and 40 HC, age 10-22 yrs). Research diagnoses were conferred using the Eating Disorder Examination. Fasting blood was drawn for PYY and visual analog scales were administered to assess hunger and desire to eat one’s favorite food. We performed Wilcoxon test to determine between-group differences in clinical characteristics. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between PYY levels and appetite within each group. Results: Mean age±SD of atypAN (18.3±3.3 yrs) and AN-BP (19.9±1.5 yrs) did not differ (ps≥0.11) while AN-R (19.5±2.4 yrs) were older (p=0.013) than HC (17.8±3.1 yrs). BMI was lower in atypAN (18.7±1.2 kg/m2), AN-BP (17.3±0.8 kg/m2), and AN-R (16.6±1.0 kg/m2) than in HC (21.3±2.0 kg/m2; ps&lt;0.0001). Fasting PYY levels were higher in atypAN (107.4±40.8 pg/mL), AN-BP (118.4±56.8 pg/mL) and AN-R (124.1±48.5 pg/mL) than HC (83.2±31.7 pg/mL, ps≤0.045). Hunger and desire to eat one’s favorite food were lower in atypAN and AN-BP compared to HC (ps≤0.042). Between group differences in PYY and appetite remained significant after controlling for age (ps≤0.032). The relationship between PYY and hunger was negative in AN-BP (ρ= -0.71, p=0.012), positive in AN-R (ρ=0.40, p=0.035), and not significant in atyp AN (ρ=0.02, p=0.90). The relationship between PYY and desire to eat favorite food was negative in AN-BP at trend level (ρ=-0.56, p=0.071), positive in AN-R (ρ=0.52, p=0.005), and not significant in atypAN (ρ=0.09, p=0.65). Conclusions: Compared to HC, fasting PYY levels were higher and appetite lower in all AN presentations. Higher fasting PYY levels were associated with lower appetite in AN-BP and greater appetite in AN-R, while no relationship was found in atypAN. The absence of an association in atypAN, which includes females who do not meet low weight criteria for AN-R or AN-BP, may reflect opposing relationships in those who restrict vs. binge/purge. Future research is required to further understand the differences in relationships between PYY levels and subjective appetite across AN presentations.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Performance of Percentage Body Fat and Fat Mass Index in Determining Overweight/Obesity among University Undergraduate Students in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Obirikorang ◽  
Emmanuel Acheampong ◽  
Enoch Odame Anto ◽  
Yaa Obirikorang ◽  
Angela Nana Bosowah Fynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

Abstract Background: Anthropometric indices such as body mass index (BMI) is a widely used index of adiposity across clinical settings, yet there are limitations regarding their estimates of body fat. We determined the magnitude and the performance of fat mass index (FMI), and percentage body fat (PBF) for determining obesity among undergraduate students in the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Methods: This University community-based cross-sectional study included 1,552 undergraduate students (700 males and 852 females) aged 15–29 years from the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. Anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analyses were performed. Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle-related characteristics were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Results: Comparing male to female students, the age-standardised prevalence of overweight/obesity was 10.8%/3.5% vs. 19.3%/7.6% (p<0.0001) for BMI criterion, 16.4%/8.5% vs. 21.9%/19.9% (p<0.0001) for PBF criterion and 16.0%/9.2 vs. 21.2%/22.0% for FMI criterion (p<0.0001), respectively. There was a stronger agreement between PBF and FMI in the classification of overweight and obesity in terms of males (kappa=0.855) and females (kappa=0.865) but a weak agreement between BMI and PBF and between BMI and FMI. About 29.3% of males and 61.4% of the females categorized as normal weight by BMI were identified as overweight by PBF. Similarly, 3.0% of male and 1.3% of females defined as normal weight by BMI were obese when examined by PBF. FMI can be predicted from BMI and BMI2 with much accuracy (mean bias = -0.1). Conclusion: The inconsistency observed between BMI and PBF reflects a limitation of BMI. FMI accurately assessed obesity with many conveniences as BMI to the same extent.

scholarly journals Reduced MIP-1β as a Trait Marker and Reduced IL-7 and IL-12 as State Markers of Anorexia Nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Johanna Louise Keeler ◽  
Olivia Patsalos ◽  
Raymond Chung ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Gerome Breen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trait Marker ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Alterations in certain inflammatory markers have been found in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, their relation to clinical characteristics has not been extensively explored, nor is it clear whether they are trait or state features of the disorder. This cross-sectional study measured serum concentrations of 36 inflammatory markers in people with acute AN (n = 56), recovered AN (rec-AN; n = 24) and healthy controls (HC; n = 51). The relationship between body mass index (BMI), eating disorder psychopathology, depression symptoms and inflammatory markers was assessed. Statistical models controlled for variables known to influence cytokine concentrations (i.e., age, ethnicity, smoking status and medication usage). Overall, most inflammatory markers including pro-inflammatory cytokines were unchanged in AN and rec-AN. However, in AN and rec-AN, concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β were lower than HCs. Interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-12/IL-23p40 were reduced in AN, and concentrations of macrophage-derived chemokine, MIP-1α and tumor necrosis factor-α were reduced in rec-AN compared to HC. In conclusion, a reduction in MIP-1β may be a trait marker of the illness, whereas reductions in IL-7 and IL-12/IL-23p40 may be state markers. The absence of increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in AN is contradictory to the wider literature, although the inclusion of covariates may explain our differing findings.

scholarly journals Novel approaches for the assessment of relative body weight and body fat in diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 2913-2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Lackner ◽  
Sabrina Mörkl ◽  
Wolfram Müller ◽  
Alfred Fürhapter-Rieger ◽  
Andreas Oberascher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Body Weight ◽  
Novel Approaches

scholarly journals Dietary source of saturated fat and percentage body fat of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Kümmel Duarte ◽  
Ana Luiza Teixeira dos Santos ◽  
Claudia Kirst ◽  
Graziela da S. Nunes ◽  
Karine de Franceschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Body Fat

scholarly journals Inverse Relationship of theCMKLR1Relative Expression and Chemerin Serum Levels in Obesity with Dysmetabolic Phenotype and Insulin Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda-Isadora Corona-Meraz ◽  
Rosa-Elena Navarro-Hernández ◽  
Sandra-Luz Ruíz-Quezada ◽  
Perla-Monserrat Madrigal-Ruíz ◽  
Jorge Castro-Albarrán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fat Storage

Background. In obesity there is a subclinical chronic low-grade inflammatory response where insulin resistance (IR) may develop. Chemerin is secreted in white adipose tissue and promotes low-grade inflammatory process, where it expressedCMKLR1receptor. The role of chemerin andCMKLR1in inflammatory process secondary to obesity is not defined yet.Methods. Cross-sectional study with 134 individuals classified as with and without obesity by body mass index (BMI) and IR. Body fat storage measurements and metabolic and inflammatory markers were measured by routine methods. Soluble chemerin and basal levels of insulin by ELISA and relative expression ofCMKLR1were evaluated with qPCR and2-ΔΔCTmethod.Results. Differences (P<0.05) were observed between obesity and lean individuals in body fat storage measurements and metabolic-inflammatory markers. BothCMKLR1expression and chemerin levels were increased in obesity without IR. Soluble chemerin levels correlate with adiposity and metabolic markers (r=8.8% to 38.5%),P<0.05.Conclusion. The increment ofCMKLR1expression was associated with insulin production. Increased serum levels of chemerin in obesity were observed, favoring a dysmetabolic response. The results observed in this study suggest that both chemerin andCMKLR1have opposite expression in the context of low-grade inflammatory response manifested in the development of IR.

scholarly journals BMI Fails to Reflect the Developmental Changes in Body Fatness between Boys and Girls during Adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7833
Author(s):  
Alan M. Nevill ◽  
Cézane Priscila Reuter ◽  
Caroline Brand ◽  
Anelise Reis Gaya ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
The City

Body mass index (BMI) is thought to reflect excess adiposity in both youth and adults alike. However, the association between BMI and fatness varies, especially as children grow into adults. Thus, the present study sought to address this issue by characterizing how BMI reflects age and sex differences in body fatness in 7–16-year-old children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 2150 children and adolescents, aged 7 to 16 years from the city of Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil. BMI (kg/m2), and percentage body fat, using tricipital and subscapular folds, were assessed. For statistical analysis, ANOVA and ANCOVA were used. Results: When considered in isolation, there was no significant interaction in the age-by-sex differences in BMI (p = 0.69). However, when we controlled for percent body fatness, the analysis revealed considerable age-by-sex differences in BMI (p < 0.001). Conclusion: For the same body fat (%), there are no differences in BMI in children <10 years.

Gambling-like video game practices: A cross-sectional study of links with problem gambling and disordered gaming

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zendle
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Clinically Significant

A variety of practices have recently emerged which are related to both video games and gambling. Most prominent of these are loot boxes. However, a broad range of other activities have recently emerged which are also related to both gambling and video games: esports betting, real-money video gaming, token wagering, social casino play, and watching videos of both loot box opening and gambling on game streaming services like Twitch.Whilst a nascent body of research has established the robust existence of a relationship between loot box spending and both problem gambling and disordered gaming, little research exists which examines whether similar links may exist for the diverse practices outlined above. Furthermore, no research has thus far attempted to estimate the prevalence of these activities.A large-scale survey of a representative sample of UK adults (n=1081) was therefore conducted in order to investigate these issues. Engagement in all measured forms of gambling-like video game practices were significantly associated with both problem gambling and disordered gaming. An aggregate measure of engagement was associated with both these outcomes to a clinically significant degree (r=0.23 and r=0.43). Engagement in gambling-like video game practices appeared widespread, with a 95% confidence interval estimating that 16.3% – 20.9% of the population engaged in these activities at least once in the last year. Engagement in these practices was highly inter-correlated: Individuals who engaged in one practice were likely to engage in several more.Overall, these results suggest that the potential effects of the blurring of lines between video games and gambling should not primarily be understood to be due to the presence of loot boxes in video games. They suggest the existence of a convergent ecosystem of gambling-like video game practices, whose causal relationships with problem gambling and disordered gaming are currently unclear but must urgently be investigated.

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