scholarly journals Potential Application of Ixeris dentata in the Prevention and Treatment of Aging-Induced Dry Mouth

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashi Bhattarai ◽  
Hwa-Young Lee ◽  
Seung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong-Sug Park ◽  
Hyung-Ryong Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Oral Dryness ◽  
Ixeris Dentata

Dry mouth is a common complaint among the elderly population. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Ixeris dentata (IXD) extract on aging-induced dry mouth. We used young (two months) and aged (20 months) SD rats in our study. Using water as the vehicle, IXD extract (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) was given via oral gavage to the young and aged rats for eight weeks. We found that the salivary flow rate relative to the submandibular gland weight was differently influenced by IXD extract treatment. IXD extract augmented the submandibular gland acinar cells, which are depleted during aging. In addition, the decreased salivary alpha-amylase, inositol triphosphate receptor, and aquaporin-5 in the aging rats were upregulated by IXD treatment. Free radical-induced oxidative stress in the aging rats was also alleviated in the IXD-treated group. The formation of high molecular weight complexes of protein disulfide isomerase, decreased expression of an ER chaperone (GRP78), and increased ER stress response (ATF-4, CHOP and p-JNK) in aging rats was regulated with IXD treatment, and eventually increased salivary secretions from the aging submandibular glands. These are the first data to suggest that IXD extract might ameliorate aging-associated oral dryness by regulating the ER environment.

scholarly journals Ixeris dentata and Lactobacillus gasseri Extracts Improve Salivary Secretion Capability in Diabetes-Associated Dry Mouth Rat Model

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
Hwa-Young Lee ◽  
Mingkun Gu ◽  
Jinhua Cheng ◽  
Joo-Won Suh ◽  
Han-Jung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Er Stress Response ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Ixeris Dentata

Dry mouth, hyposalivation, or xerostomia is a significant problem in diabetic patients; however, there has been no way to relieve these symptoms. This study’s aim was to evaluate the effects of Ixeris dentata (IXD) in combination with lactobacillus extract on the salivation rate in diabetes-induced dry mouth, and its mechanism was also investigated. In the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes model, the dry mouth condition was established as a model. Here, rats were treated with water or IXD through the sublingual spray, and subsequently treated with or without a spray of lactobacillus extract. In diabetes condition, the salivary flow rate, amylase activity, and aquaporin-5 and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) expressions were markedly decreased, whereas they were more significantly recovered in the sequential treatment of IXD-lactobacillus extract than in each single treatment. Furthermore, oxidative stress and its related ER stress response were especially regulated in the IXD/lactobacillus extract condition, where the following anti-oxidative enzymes, glutathione assay (GSH: GSSG) ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), were involved. This study suggests that the combination of IXD and lactobacillus would be a potential alternative medicine against diabetes-induced hyposalivation and xerostomia.

scholarly journals The Synergistic Effects of Ixeris dentata and Lactobacillus gasseri Extracts on a Diabetes-induced Dry Mouth Model by Enhancing Antioxidation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa Young Lee ◽  
Mingkun Gu ◽  
Jinhua Cheng ◽  
Joo Won Suh ◽  
Han-Jung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Diabetes Model ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Ixeris Dentata

Dry mouth, hyposalivation, or xerostomia is a significant problem in diabetic patients; however, there was no way to relieve these symptoms. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Ixeris dentata (IXD) in combination with lactobacillus extract on the salivation rate in diabetes-induced dry mouth, and its mechanism was also investigated. In the streptozotocin-induced diabetes model, dry mouth condition was established as a model. Both control and diabetic rats were treated with a sublingual spray of either water or IXD and subsequently treated with or without a spray of lactobacillus extract. In diabetes condition, the salivary flow rate, amylase activity, and aquaporin-5 and Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) expressions were markedly decreased, whereas they were more significantly recovered in the sequential treatment of IXD-lactobacillus extract than each single treatment. Furthermore, oxidative stress and its related ER stress response were especially regulated in the IXD/lactobacillus extract condition, where the following anti-oxidative enzymes; GSH:GSSG ratio, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were involved. This study suggests that the combination of IXD and lactobacillus would be a potential alternative medicine against diabetes-induced hyposalivation and xerostomia.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN XEROSTOMIA PADA KELOMPOK LANSIA YANG MENGGUNAKAN GIGI TIRUAN DI KABUPATEN MINAHASA

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gracecylia R. Salampessy ◽  
Ni Wayan Mariati ◽  
Christy Mintjelungan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Elderly Group ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Abstack: A person who has entered the elderly group will experience a change in the composition of saliva, causing the production of saliva does not function normally and lead to a complaint of dry mouth or xerostomia. This study aimed to identify and clarify the picture of xerostomia in the elderly group who use denture in Minahasa district. Xerostomia is a common problem that many occur in the elderly. Clinically, patients with dry mouth will feel dry on the lips and the corners of the mouth become irritated. This was a descriptive study using a cross sectional design. This study was carried out in all elderly nursing homes in Minahasa district. The samples of this study were all elderly who used denture in nursing homes in Minahasa district. Salivary flow rate was measured with a measuring cup. The results showed that xerostomia was found in 93.75% of the elderly, more dominant in females (96.7%), and more frequent in the age group 65-69 years (63.3%). Conclusion: Xerostomia was more common in female elderly, therefore, it is expected that the elderly have to maintain their oral health by eating nutritious foods and vitamin C.Keywords: denture, elderly, xerostomia.Abstrak: Seseorang yang sudah memasuki kelompok lansia akan mengalami perubahan dalam komposisi saliva, sehingga menyebabkan produksi saliva tidak berfungsi dengan normal dan mengakibatkan keluhan mulut kering atau xerostomia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan gambaran xerostomia pada kelompok lansia yang menggunakan gigi tiruan di kabupaten Minahasa. Xerostomia merupakan masalah umum yang banyak terjadi pada lansia. Secara klinis pasien dengan mulut kering akan terasa kering pada bibir dan bagian sudut mulut mengalami iritasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di seluruh panti werda di kabupaten Minahasa. Sampel penelitian ini ialah semua lansia yang menggunakan gigi tiruan di panti werda di kabupaten Minahasa. Pengukuran laju aliran saliva dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode gelas ukur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa xerostomia ditemukan pada 93,75% dari populasi, kelamin lebih dominan pada perempuan (96,7%), dan tersering pada rentang usia 65-69 tahun (63,3%). Simpulan: Xerostomia sering terjadi pada lansia terutama yang berjenis kelamin perempuan. Diharapkan para lansia dapat menjaga kesehatan gigi dan mulut dengan mengonsumsi makanan bergizi dan kaya vitamin C.Kata kunci: gigi tiruan, lansia, xerostomia

Roles of lysosomal proteolytic systems in AQP5 degradation in the submandibular gland of rats following chorda tympani parasympathetic denervation

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (5) ◽  
pp. G1106-G1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azlina ◽  
Purevjav Javkhlan ◽  
Yuka Hiroshima ◽  
Takahiro Hasegawa ◽  
Chenjuan Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Mrna Synthesis ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Gland Weight ◽  
Physiol Gastrointest Liver

Chorda tympani denervation (CTD) of rats was earlier shown to result in loss of submandibular gland (SMG) weight (at only 1 wk) and in continued reduction in aquaporin 5 (AQP5) protein expression (until 4 wk), without affecting its mRNA synthesis (Li X, Azlina A, Karabasil MR, Purwanti N, Hasegawa T, Yao C, Akamatsu T, Hosoi K. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295: G112–G123, 2008). The present study indicated that despite elevation of bax, a proapoptosis protein, by CTD, the operation also increased the level of bcl-2, an antiapoptosis protein, in the SMG. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL assay) showed no increase in the number of apoptotic cells in the SMG. CTD, however, induced strongly and transiently (at 1–3 days) the protein expression of LC3B-II, a marker protein of autophagosomes, suggesting that the reduction in the gland weight was due to onset of autophagy by CTD. Upon CTD, Lamp2, a lysosomal marker, gradually increased in amount, reaching a peak at the 14th day. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in the number of lysosome-like structures positive for both AQP5 and Lamp2 in the acinar cells of the SMG after CTD; similar changes were observed also for AQP5 and LC3Bs. These data suggest that AQP5 in the SMG entered autophagosomes and/or lysosomes for degradation upon CTD. In vitro AQP5-degrading activity was found in the SMG extracts, and such activity was shown to be increased by CTD. Inhibitor experiments implied cathepsins B and L to be candidate enzymes for this degradation under normal and CTD conditions, respectively.

scholarly journals Differences in perceived intra-oral dryness in various dry-mouth patients as determined using the Regional Oral Dryness Inventory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Assy ◽  
C. P. Bots ◽  
H. Z. Arisoy ◽  
S. S. Gülveren ◽  
F. J. Bikker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Oral Dryness ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Xerostomia Inventory

Abstract Objectives Recently, it was shown that the Regional Oral Dryness Inventory (RODI) could determine differences in dry-mouth perception at different intra-oral locations. The main aim of this study was to determine whether the RODI might help to discriminate between various causes of oral dryness in dry-mouth patients. The second aim was to ascertain whether the RODI could become an additional diagnostic tool in dry-mouth patients. Materials and methods Data were collected retrospectively from patients who visited a specialized saliva clinic. Salivary flow rates, Xerostomia Inventory scores, and RODI scores were extracted from the medical records. Patients were stratified into subgroups according to their health status. Results Five hundred twenty-eight patients participated in this study (mean age of 59.6 ± 16.0 years; 68.4% female). Specific patient groups differed with regard to the region of the mouth they experienced as the most and least dry. The posterior palate was the area perceived as most dry by controls and Sjögren patients. In patients using limited or multiple medications, it was the anterior tongue. RODI scores also differed significantly among dry-mouth patient groups: whereas controls and patients using limited medication had the lowest RODI scores and experienced less intra-oral dryness, Sjögren patients had the highest RODI scores. Conclusion Our use of the RODI questionnaire showed that perceived intra-oral dryness differed between the various dry-mouth patients. Clinical relevance The RODI can be a valuable clinical diagnostic tool in dry-mouth diagnostics, in which it can be used to discriminate between the various causes of oral dryness in patients.

scholarly journals Xerostomia pada Usia Lanjut di Kelurahan Malalayang Satu Timur

e-GIGI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stevany A.D. Tawas ◽  
Christy N. Mintjelungan ◽  
Damajanty H.C. Pangemanan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Saliva Composition

Abstract: Generally, in elderly there is a change in saliva composition due to the decreased production of saliva which leads to dry mouth or xersotomia. Clinically, a patient with dry mouth will feel dry on his/her lips and the mouth corners become irritated. This study was aimed to obtain the profile of xerostomia in the elderly at Kelurahan Malalayang Satu Timur. This was a descriptive study using a cross sectional design. This study was conducted in Kelurahan Malalayang Satu Timur. Samples of this study were obtained by using total sampling method. The study was performed on 35 peoples aged 60 to 75 years (according to WHO standard) as subjects. Salivary flow rate was measured with a measuring cup. The results showed that xerostomia was found in 87.5% of the subjects, more dominant in females (96.7%), and more frequent in the age group 65-69 years (66.7%). Conclusion: At Kelurahan Malalayang Satu Timur, xerostomia was more common in female elderly and age group 65-69 yearsKeywords: xerostomia, elderly Abstrak: Umumnya seseorang yang sudah memasuki usia lanjut akan mengalami perubahan dalam komposisi saliva akibat produksi saliva berkurang yang bermanifestasi sebagai xerostomia. Secara klinis pasien dengan xerostomia akan merasa kering pada bibir dan bagian sudut mulut mengalami iritasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran xerostomia pada kelompok usia lanjut di Kelurahan Malalayang Satu Timur. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode total sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di Kelurahan Malalayang Satu Timur. Terdapat 35 subyek usia lanjut dengan usia 60-75 tahun (menurut standar WHO). Pengukuran laju aliran saliva dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode spitting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa xerostomia ditemukan pada 85,7% dari subyek. Jenis kelamin perempuan lebih dominan (96,7%) dan tersering pada rentang usia 65-69 tahun (66,7%). Simpulan: Pada kelompok usia lanjut di Kelurahan Malalayang Satu Timur xerostomia lebih sering terjadi pada yang berjenis kelamin perempuan dan usia 65-69 tahun.Kata kunci: xerostomia, usia lanjut

scholarly journals Latest Advancement in the Management of Xerostomia: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venetia Aranha ◽  
SM Meghana ◽  
Sandip Kulkarni ◽  
Monica Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Oral Infections ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Salivary Substitutes ◽  
Systemic Therapies

Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is a subjective sensation arising due to the reduced salivary flow. The dry mouth interferes with normal oral functions such as swallowing, chewing and speech. An increase in the incidence of dental caries and oral infections that may impact the oral health is also seen. The aetiology of dry mouth may be due to systemic diseases, drugs or by radiation to the head and neck, the causes hence being multifactorial. The prevalence of dry mouth is commonly seen in nearly half of the elderly population and one fifth of the younger individuals. Salivary substitutes are used to manage xerostomia. However, for long- standing xerostomia, a lot of potential systemic therapies exist. Oral health care providers are now making significant contributions to the diagnosis and are aware of the latest trends in the management of xerostomia. This review aimed to illustrate the current trends in the management of xerostomia.

scholarly journals Minimizing Complications of Aging That Lead to Dry Mouth and Poor Oral Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 251-251
Author(s):  
Athena Papas
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Mouth ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Heighten Risk

Abstract Poor oral health causes severe pain and untreated infections to spread throughout the body. For older adults, the prevalence of root decay exceeds that of any other medical condition. Our research shows tooth loss and edentulousness were associated with increased mortality and inversely associated with BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose. Our Stop-it study found people who lost bone density had fewer teeth, problems chewing, and involuntary weight loss and frailty. 88% of the elderly take medications that cause loss of saliva. Sjögren’s and radiation therapy for head and neck cancer patients heighten risk. Without saliva, patients have increased tooth decay, periodontal disease and fungal infections, salivary gland blockage, and problems swallowing and speaking. Dry mouth leads people to suck on candy that further increase caries. Substituting sugarfree gum for candy increases salivary flow and reduces dental caries. Brushing, flossing, and limiting sugar also lessen tooth decay.

Smad7 attenuates TGF-β-mediated aging-related hypofunction of submandibular glands

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022199343
Author(s):  
Minqi Hu ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Pingchuan Ma ◽  
Yingyi Wu ◽  
Honglin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Restoration Strategies

Submandibular glands have essential functions in taste, mastication, swallowing, and digestion. Submandibular gland hypofunction is prevalent in the elderly, impairing the patients’ quality of life. Current clinical treatment strategies have not decelerated or reversed the pathological process of submandibular gland hypofunction. Therefore, novel restoration strategies should be explored. However, studies on the mechanism of aging-related submandibular gland hypofunction remain very limited. The role of the TGF-β/Smad pathway in fibrosis has been studied in other organs. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the role of TGF-β/Smad signaling in the aging-related submandibular gland hypofunction. The results showed that Smad7 knockout in mice decreased the salivary flow rate. H&E, Masson trichrome, and immunohistochemistry staining of MCP-1 and α-SMA showed that Smad7 knockout in mice resulted in lymphocytic infiltration, acinar cell atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The Western blotting of collagen I and III also confirmed extensive fibrosis. We then found that Smad7 depletion resulted in the TGF-β-mediated fibrosis via mir-21, mir-29, and np_5318, and NFκB-driven inflammation activation. This study confirmed the inhibitory role of Smad7 in the aging-related submandibular gland hypofunction. Therefore, it provided a promising treatment target for aging-related dysfunction and sialadenitis of submandibular gland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document