scholarly journals Effect of Cell Concentration on the Persistence in the Human Intestine of Four Probiotic Strains Administered through a Multispecies Formulation

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Taverniti ◽  
Ranjan Koirala ◽  
Alessandro Dalla Via ◽  
Giorgio Gargari ◽  
Elena Leonardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses

Studies devoted to evaluating the outcome of different doses of probiotics are very limited, especially for multistrain formulations. In this context, we performed an intervention study that aimed to compare the effect of the administration of two doses (7 billion and 70 billion bacterial cells) of a multistrain probiotic formulation on the persistence of the four probiotic strains that were present in the product in the fecal samples collected from healthy subjects. The overall persistence of the probiotic strains was significantly higher for the 70 billion formulation than for the 7 billion formulation. Furthermore, probiotic strains were detected earlier and for longer for the 70 billion formulation compared to those for the 7 billion formulation. All probiotic strains were recovered alive from the 70 billion preparation, whereas recovery was not possible in a few fecal samples upon administration of the 7 billion preparation. In addition, the overall number of viable probiotic cells recovered on day 14 (i.e., the last day of consumption) was significantly higher for the 70 billion formulation than that for the 7 billion formulation. Finally, we found that the viability of the probiotic cells was stable over the course of the trial independent of volunteers’ handling, demonstrating good manufacturing of the product. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that strains belonging to different taxa may coexist in the human gastrointestinal tract upon ingestion of a multispecies probiotic formulation. Moreover, this study suggests that higher doses of bacterial cells in probiotic formulations may permit a higher, earlier, and longer recovery of the probiotics in the feces of healthy adults.

scholarly journals Dose-Response Recovery of Probiotic Strains in Simulated Gastro-Intestinal Passage

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Forssten ◽  
Arthur C. Ouwehand
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Colonic Fermentation ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Metabolic Output ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses

The probiotic definition stipulates “adequate amounts”. Here, we investigated the metabolic output and recovery rate of probiotic strains using a simulated upper gastro-intestinal passage and colonic fermentation. Two different doses, 7 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) and 7 × 1010 CFU, of a probiotic mixture (Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37, and Lactobacillus plantarum Lp-115) or placebo were tested. The four strains were quantified by qPCR and the metabolites analyzed by gas chromatography. There was a dose-response in the detection of all four strains. There was a slightly larger increase between the two doses for L. paracasei Lpc-37 as compared with the other strains; this may suggest a greater robustness of this strain. Compared with the placebo, the high dose simulations generated more propionic acid and a higher total of short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Higher doses of a species are required to reach measurable increases above the baseline level of this species.

scholarly journals Survival of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in the Human Gastrointestinal Tract with Daily Consumption of a Low-Fat Probiotic Spread

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 6198-6204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne E. M. Dommels ◽  
Robèr A. Kemperman ◽  
Yvonne E. M. P. Zebregs ◽  
René B. Draaisma ◽  
Arne Jol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Target Dose ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Probiotic Strains

ABSTRACT Probiotics are live microorganisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Therefore, probiotic strains should be able to survive passage through the human gastrointestinal tract. Human gastrointestinal tract survival of probiotics in a low-fat spread matrix has, however, never been tested. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled human intervention study was to test the human gastrointestinal tract survival of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG after daily consumption of a low-fat probiotic spread by using traditional culturing, as well as molecular methods. Forty-two healthy human volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups provided with 20 g of placebo spread (n = 13), 20 g of spread with a target dose of 1 × 109 CFU of L. reuteri DSM 17938 (n = 13), or 20 g of spread with a target dose of 5 × 109 CFU of L. rhamnosus GG (n = 16) daily for 3 weeks. Fecal samples were obtained before and after the intervention period. A significant increase, compared to the baseline, in the recovery of viable probiotic lactobacilli in fecal samples was demonstrated after 3 weeks of daily consumption of the spread containing either L. reuteri DSM 17938 or L. rhamnosus GG by selective enumeration. In the placebo group, no increase was detected. The results of selective enumeration were supported by quantitative PCR, detecting a significant increase in DNA resulting from the probiotics after intervention. Overall, our results indicate for the first time that low-fat spread is a suitable carrier for these probiotic strains.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of a Beverage Containing Lupine Protein Hydrolysates on the Immune, Oxidative and Lipid Status in Healthy Subjects: An Intervention Study (the Lupine‐1 Trial)

2021 ◽  
pp. 2100139
Author(s):  
Ivan Cruz‐Chamorro ◽  
Nuria Álvarez‐Sánchez ◽  
Ana Isabel Álvarez‐Ríos ◽  
Guillermo Santos‐Sánchez ◽  
Justo Pedroche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Lipid Status

scholarly journals Intrapleural analgesia after endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Gomes da Silva ◽  
Daniele Cristina Cataneo ◽  
Fernanda Leite ◽  
Erica Nishida Hasimoto ◽  
Guilherme Antonio Moreira de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Inspiratory Capacity ◽  
Intense Pain ◽  
Thoracic Sympathectomy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Intrapleural Analgesia ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Late Postoperative Period ◽  
Different Doses

PURPOSE: To compare analgesia traditionally used for thoracic sympathectomy to intrapleural ropivacaine injection in two different doses. METHODS: Twenty-four patients were divided into three similar groups, and all of them received intravenous dipyrone. Group A received intravenous tramadol and intrapleural injection of saline solution. Group B received intrapleural injection of 0.33% ropivacaine, and Group C 0.5% ropivacaine. The following aspects were analyzed: inspiratory capacity, respiratory rate and pain. Pain was evaluated in the immediate postoperative period by means of the visual analog scale and over a one-week period. RESULTS: In Groups A and B, reduced inspiratory capacity was observed in the postoperative period. In the first postoperative 12 hours, only 12.5% of the patients in Groups B and C showed intense pain as compared to 25% in Group A. In the subsequent week, only one patient in Group A showed mild pain while the remainder reported intense pain. In Group B, half of the patients showed intense pain, and in Group C, only one presented intense pain. CONCLUSION: Intrapleural analgesia with ropivacaine resulted in less pain in the late postoperative period with better analgesic outcomes in higher doses, providing a better ventilatory pattern.

scholarly journals Immune stimulation and antibody response of chicks to different doses/units of the Nigerian live infectious bursa disease vaccine

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Viral Virulence ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
And Control ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses

Vaccination failure is one of the major constraints to disease control in poultry. To investigate Infectious bursa disease (IBD)-vaccination failures (frequently/globally reported), batches of the Nigerian live-vaccine were tested for viral units before vaccinating following chick-groups: 16 doses (65,536 units), 8 doses (32,768 units), 4 doses (6,384 units), 2 doses (8,192 units), 1 dose (4,096 units), 1:2 dose (2,048 units), 1:4 dose (1,024 units), 1:8 dose (512 units), 1:16 dose (256 units) and control. Each batch gave 4,096 viral units. Mean bursa weight/body weight ratios (immune stimulation) and mean antibody titres of the chick-groups were 47.40 ±5.45 and 51.20 ±7.83; 44.25 ±7.28 & 48.00 ±9.24; 45.25 ± 4.28 and 64.00 ± 0.00; 43.00 ±7.58 and 101.60 ± 35.05; 44.60 ± 5.51 and 128.00 ± 0.00; 42.60 ± 6.23 and 268.80 ± 16.00; 40.50 ± 1.76 and 80.00 ±16.00; 31.40 ± 3.80 and 80.00 ± 27.71; 37.18 ± 4.07 and 89.60 ± 15.68 and 26.20 ± 3.31 and 19.20 ± 5.99, respectively. Half (2,048 units) of the recommended 1-dose gave optimal antibody-titre. The higher doses gave lower antibody-titres like the lower doses but immune stimulation continued to increase as doses/units increased. Both over-stimulating the immune system (too high vaccine-doses/viral-units/viral-virulence) and under-stimulation cause vaccination failure.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Herbal Extract of Gentiana diffusa for Antianxiety Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Dakua ◽  
Rakesh Gawaly ◽  
Pratyush Jain ◽  
Alok Pal Jain
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Active Constituent ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Anxiolytic Agent ◽  
Commercial Source ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses

The present study was designed to authenticate the anti-anxiety activity (by using elevated plus maze model) of methanolic extract of the leaves of Gentiana diffusa. by authors Swiss Albino mice were treated with different doses of the leaf extracts (200 mg / kg p.o.) and Diazepam (2mg/ kg, p.o) was used as a positive control. Results of study show that methanolic extract in higher doses (200 mg/kg) possesses marked anti-anxiety activity and was comparable to the effect produced by diazepam. The plant can be developed as a commercial source of anxiolytic agent. Further studies are in process to isolate the active constituent responsible for this activity and mechanism of action. Keywords: Leaves, Methanol, Anxiety, Diazepam

Effects of dizocilpine-induced glutamatergic blockade in the nucleus accumbens septi on the plus maze test

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto P.I. Gargiulo ◽  
María P. Gargiulo De Aranda ◽  
Mercedes M.L. Gargiulo ◽  
Angel J.M. Gargiulo ◽  
Andres Acuña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Nmda Antagonists ◽  
Mk 801 ◽  
Maze Test ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Nucleus Accumbens Septi ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses

AbstractBackground:In previous studies, we have observed that specificN-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) antagonists and non-NMDA antagonists injected within the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) induced an anxiolytic-like effect in the plus maze test in rats. In the present study, the effect of intracanalicular blockade of NMDA receptors using dizocilpine in the plus maze was studied in male rats bilaterally cannulated NAS.Methods:Rats were divided into five groups that received either 1 μL injections of saline or dizocilpine (MK-801, [5R,10S]-[+]-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo [a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine) in different doses (0.5, 1, 2, or 4 μg) 15 min before testing.Results:Time spent in the open arm increased under dizocilpine treatment with the two higher doses (2 and 4 μg, p<0.05), extreme arrivals were increased by the three higher doses (1 μg, p<0.05; 2 and 4 μg, p<0.01), and open arm entries by the three higher doses (1, 2, and 4 μg, p<0.05). A dose-effect relationship was observed in all cases.Conclusions:We conclude that dizocilpine-glutamatergic blockade in the accumbens lead to an anxiolytic-like effect and a behavioral disinhibition related to an increase in some motoric parameters, showing specific behavioral patterns.

Oral Sildenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction

2021 ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Joshua Bodie
Keyword(s):  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Visual Disturbances ◽  
Better Than

This chapter summarizes the results of a landmark trial comparing different doses of oral sildenafil versus placebo to treat erectile dysfunction. Patients received either an identical placebo or 25- mg, 50-mg, or 100-mg tablets of sildenafil to be taken approximately one hour before planned sexual activity (but not more than once daily) for 24 weeks. Higher doses of sildenafil resulted in higher mean score for frequency of penetration and maintenance of erection, which were also consistently better than placebo. The most common side effects were headaches, flushing, dyspepsia, rhinitis, and visual disturbances. This study established sildenafil as an effective, reasonably well-tolerated treatment for men with erectile dysfunction of varying etiologies.

scholarly journals Host: Microbiome co-metabolic processing of dietary polyphenols – An acute, single blinded, cross-over study with different doses of apple polyphenols in healthy subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 108-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kajetan Trošt ◽  
Maria M. Ulaszewska ◽  
Jan Stanstrup ◽  
Davide Albanese ◽  
Carlotta De Filippo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Different Doses

scholarly journals Physiological performance and electrophoretic pattern of isoenzymes in Phaseolus vulgaris Lam. seeds treated with essential oil of Moringa oleifera Lam

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Márcia Antonia Bartolomeu Agustini ◽  
Marlene De Matos Malavasi ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Adilson Ricken Schuelter ◽  
Ubirajara Contro Malavasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Low Expression ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

In order to investigate the effect of different doses of essential oil of Moringa oleifera (EOM) on physiological potential and the expression of isoenzymes in bean seeds, an experiment was conducted with two cultivars (Colibri and Campos Gerais) and seven treatments (bactericidal, fungicide and the doses 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8% EOM). Germination, first count of germination, germination speed index (GSI), emergence and emergence rate index (ERI) were evaluated in addition to the enzymes esterase (EST), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and isocitrate lyase (ICL) by electrophoresis. In an experiment conducted in the laboratory, the dose containing 0.4% EOM promoted germination and higher averages for first germination in seeds and GSI in the Colibri cultivar. However, the highest dose used (0.8%) was responsible for the worst physiological performance by the cultivar. For Campos Gerais, increasing doses of essential oil stimulated germination, first count of germination and GSI. In the field, higher doses of essential oil gave higher germination percentages for the Colibri cultivar, not influencing the seeds of Campos Gerais. The ERI was not altered by the treatments with OEM and changes in the molecular forms of the isoenzymes were observed, with low expression values of bands for EST, ICL and ADH-related vigor, the germination of both cultivars, as well as increased expression of SOD, which is associated with reductions in germination.

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