scholarly journals Growth Patterns of Neonates Treated with Thermal Control in Neutral Environment and Nutrition Regulation to Meet Basal Metabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Kubota ◽  
Masayoshi Zaitsu ◽  
Tatsuya Yoshihara
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Peak Weight

Little is known about the growth patterns of low birth weight neonates (<2500 g) during standardized thermal control and nutrition regulation to meet basal metabolism requirements compared to those of non-low birth weight neonates (2500 g and above). We retrospectively identified 10,544 non-low birth weight and 681 low birth weight neonates placed in thermo-controlled incubators for up to 24 h after birth. All neonates were fed a 5% glucose solution 1 h after birth and breastfed every 3 h (with supplementary formula milk if applicable) to meet basal metabolism requirements. Maximum body-weight loss (%), percentage body-weight loss from birth to peak weight loss (%/day), and percentage body-weight gain from peak weight loss to day 4 (%/day) were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Overall, the growth curves showed a uniform J-shape across all birth weight categories, with a low mean maximum body-weight loss (1.9%) and incidence of neonatal jaundice (0.3%). The body-weight loss patterns did not differ between the two groups. However, low birth weight neonates showed significantly faster growth patterns for percentage body-weight gain: β = 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.58). Under thermal control and nutrition regulation, low birth weight neonates might not have disadvantages in clinical outcomes or growth patterns.

scholarly journals Relationship between birth order, birth weight, colostrum intake, acquisition of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. e0603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Le Dividich ◽  
Rui Charneca ◽  
Françoise Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

This study investigates the relation between birth order (BO), birth weight (BW0), colostrum intake (CI), level of passive immunity and pre-weaning mortality of piglets. The animals used were 551 cross-bred piglets [Piétrain × (Large-White × Landrace)] born from 40 sows. Colostrum immunoglobulins G (IgG) determinations were made from 17 sows. Colostrum samples were obtained at birth of the first piglet then at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h later, and on the first-two and the last-two piglets born. Serum IgG determinations from 68 piglets were made at 2d of age and at weaning. Individual CI was estimated from body weight gain. Relative birth order (RBO) and BW0 within-litter were weakly (R2<0.05) but positively correlated (p<0.01). Colostrum intake of piglets was independent from RBO (p>0.10) but increased by 26 ± 1.6 g per 100 g increase in BW0 (p<0.001). Serum IgG concentrations of the last two born piglets were 29.5% lower (p<0.01) than the first two born at 2 d of age, and 25% (p<0.05) at weaning. They were also lower at weaning than at 2 d of age (p<0.001). Serum IgG concentrations of piglets at weaning and at 2 d of age were positively correlated (R2=0.50, p<0.001). Within-litter, CI explained 11% (p<0.01) of the variation observed in piglets’ IgG at 2d of age. Mortality of piglets was irrespective of RBO (p>0.10). It was concluded that despite last-born piglets obtained less passive immunity than first-born, they were not at higher risk of dying before weaning. Major causes of mortality were low birth weight and insufficient colostrum (energy) intake.

Comparison between Parkinson's disease patients with body weight loss and those with body weight gain

2017 ◽  
Vol 381 ◽  
pp. 723
Author(s):  
T. Osada ◽  
T. Yoshizaki ◽  
K. Mashima ◽  
M. Tanikawa ◽  
E. Noguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Loss

Growth patterns in sheep: wool growth during weight loss and subsequent compensatory growth

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Ad Libitum

SummaryWool growth rates (WGR) of individual sheep were measured by a patch-sampling technique, during periods of developmental growth, body-weight loss (which ranged from 21 to 34% of original body weight, at rates between 60 and 150g/day) and subsequent compensatory growth under ad libitum feeding.There was a ‘lag phase’ of about 30 days before WGR appeared to be affected by changes in direction of the animals' growth paths.During body-weight loss WGR declined about 300% more than the percentage change in body weight, with the duration of nutritional stress exerting a greater influence than the rate of body-weight loss.During compensatory growth in body weight, the relationship between WGR and rate of body-weight change was initially negative. Sheep required between 11 and 14 weeks to reach the WGR of 21 g/day found during developmental growth. Compensatory growth of wool did not occur.Duration of the nutritional stress, rather than its severity (as indicated by rate of body-weight loss), was the more important determinant of the time taken for the sheep to regain normal levels of wool growth after the commencement of ad libitum feeding.

Survival feeding of pregnant and lactating cows under simulated drought conditions on all-sorghum grain rations with and without added calcium

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Morris ◽  
RJW Gartner
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Twin Pair ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Eleven pairs of twin cows were fed a drought ration of either 3 kg or 4 kg of sorghum grain per head per day. The grain fed to one member of each twin pair was supplemented with 1 per cent limestone whereas the other twin received the same quantity of grain without limestone. The rations were fed to the cows during the last 100 days of pregnancy and first 10 weeks of lactation. Cows fed 3 kg sorghum grain a day had a significantly greater rate of body weight loss than those fed 4 kg grain during pregnancy but not during lactation. No clinical signs of calcium deficiency were observed in cows fed the all-grain ration without 1 per cent limestone nor was rate of body weight loss affected. Neither the birth weight nor the growth rate of the calves was affected by the addition of calcium to the ration ; however, calves suckling cows fed 4 kg grain a day had a significantly greater rate of body weight gain than those suckling cows fed 3 kg grain.

scholarly journals Performance of low birth-weight piglets upon protein-energy and/or colostrum supplementation

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Viott ◽  
T.A. Menezes ◽  
A.P.G. Mellagi ◽  
M.L. Bernardi ◽  
I. Wentz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Suckling Period ◽  
Protein Energy

ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate the effect of oral protein-energy supplement (OPES) and/or extra colostrum within the first few hours of life on the survival and growth performance of low birth-weight piglets during the suckling period. Based upon nutritional strategy, low-birth-weight piglets (804−1309g) were randomly allocated into four groups: C0S0 (control group, n= 300) - no supplementation; C1S0 (n= 299) - supplementation with 50mL of a colostrum pool through an orogastric tube; C0S1 (n= 298) - oral supplementation with 8mL oral OPES; C1S1 (n= 297) - supplementation with both 50mL of colostrum and 8mL of OPES. The piglets’ body weight was monitored at birth, 24h after birth, on day 7, day 14 and day 20 post-partum. Both colostrum and protein-energy supplementations did not affect (P>0.05) colostrum intake (253.6g; 259.4g; 259.4g; 263.8g for C0S0, C1S0, C0S1, C1S1, respectively), weight gain during the first 24h (62.6g; 68.3g; 67.1g and 69.8g for C0S0, C1S0, C0S1, C1S1, respectively) and pre-weaning mortality (11.3%, 11.4%, 12.4% and 9.4% for C0S0, C1S0, C0S1, C1S1, respectively). Administration of OPES increased (P= 0.032) the average daily weight gain from birth till weaning (189.1 vs. 182.3g) and tended to increase the weight of the piglets (P= 0.060) at weaning (4893.1 vs. 4746.4g for OPES and no OPES, respectively). In conclusion, nutritional manipulation does not affect colostrum intake and pre-weaning mortality of low birth-weight piglets. However, body weight gain during the suckling period and the weight at weaning were observed to be marginally improved by administration of OPES.

The survival feeding of pregnant and lactating beef cows on all-sorghum grain rations: the effects of two levels of grain and early weaning of the calves

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Sorghum Grain

SUMMARYForty-six cows in store condition (mean ± S.E. body weight of 366 ± 8 kg) were fed individually either 3 or 4 kg of coarsely rolled sorghum grain/head/day for the last 100 days of pregnancy and the subsequent 70 days after parturition. Eleven of the cows on each level of feeding had their calves weaned at 3 days of age.For the last 100 days of pregnancy, 3 kg of grain/head/day was an adequate ration for survival, but cows fed this ration lost a mean of 34 kg of body weight over this period compared to 8 kg by cows fed 4 kg of grain/head/day. Only 78% of the cows fed 3 kg grain/day survived to 70 days after parturition, whereas all cows fed 4 kg/day survived. There was a 44% incidence of retained placentae and metritis in cows fed 3 kg grain/day whereas those fed 4 kg/day had only an 18% incidence. Weaning of the calves at 3 days of age reduced the body weight loss of the cows by a mean of 40 kg over the first 70 days of lactation, but the effect was less for cows fed 3 kg grain (27 kg) than for those fed 4 kg grain (53 kg).Birth weight of the calves was not affected by the level of grain fed to the cows, but calves weaned and given 3 kg of milk/day plus a 50/50 creep of lucerne chaff and sorghum grain grew faster than calves not weaned and given only a sorghum grain creep.The omission of a source of calcium in the grain ration resulted in no apparent adverse clinical effects in the cows. The Na:K ratio of the saliva indicated that nine of the cows had been depleted of Na.

Effects of prior or concurrent food restriction on amylin-induced changes in body weight and body composition in high-fat-fed female rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (4) ◽  
pp. E1112-E1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Roth ◽  
Heather Hughes ◽  
Todd Coffey ◽  
Holly Maier ◽  
James L. Trevaskis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ad Libitum

Amylin infusion reduces food intake and slows body weight gain in rodents. In obese male rats, amylin (but not pair feeding) caused a preferential reduction of fat mass with protein preservation despite equal body weight loss in amylin-treated (fed ad libitum) and pair-fed rats. In the present study, the effect of prior or concurrent food restriction on the ability of amylin to cause weight loss was evaluated. Retired female breeder rats were maintained on a high-fat diet (40% fat) for 9 wk. Prior to drug treatment, rats were either fed ad libitum or food restricted for 10 days to lose 5% of their starting body weight. They were then subdivided into treatment groups that received either vehicle or amylin (100 μg·kg−1·day−1 via subcutaneous minipump) and placed under either a restricted or ad libitum feeding schedule (for a total of 8 treatment arms). Amylin 1) significantly reduced body weight compared with vehicle under all treatment conditions, except in always restricted animals, 2) significantly decreased percent body fat in all groups, and 3) preserved lean mass in all groups. These results indicate that amylin's anorexigenic and fat-specific weight loss properties can be extended to a variety of nutritive states in female rats.

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