Losing body weight for money: How provider‐side financial incentives cause weight loss in Swiss low‐birth‐weight newborns

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-418
Author(s):  
Philip Hochuli
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Financial Incentives

Postnatal Weight Changes in Low Birth Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 702-705
Author(s):  
Stanley G. Shaffer ◽  
Cheryl L. Quimiro ◽  
John V. Anderson ◽  
Robert T. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Weight Groups

Postnatal body weight changes were assessed in 385 surviving infants with birth weights of less than 2,500 g. Body weight was measured daily between birth and 45 days of age. Infants were grouped according to 100-g birth weight categories, and mean body weight changes for each group were compared. Initial postnatal weight loss occurred in each group and ranged between 7.9% and 14.6% of birth weight. Mean postnatal weight loss was greater in the lowest birth weight groups, but considerable variability was observed among individual infants. Duration of postnatal weight loss was similar among all birth weight groups. Weight gain usually began between four and six days of age, and the rate of weight gain expressed as grams per kilogram per day was similar in all birth weight groups.

scholarly journals Growth Patterns of Neonates Treated with Thermal Control in Neutral Environment and Nutrition Regulation to Meet Basal Metabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Kubota ◽  
Masayoshi Zaitsu ◽  
Tatsuya Yoshihara
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Thermal Control ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Basal Metabolism ◽  
Peak Weight

Little is known about the growth patterns of low birth weight neonates (<2500 g) during standardized thermal control and nutrition regulation to meet basal metabolism requirements compared to those of non-low birth weight neonates (2500 g and above). We retrospectively identified 10,544 non-low birth weight and 681 low birth weight neonates placed in thermo-controlled incubators for up to 24 h after birth. All neonates were fed a 5% glucose solution 1 h after birth and breastfed every 3 h (with supplementary formula milk if applicable) to meet basal metabolism requirements. Maximum body-weight loss (%), percentage body-weight loss from birth to peak weight loss (%/day), and percentage body-weight gain from peak weight loss to day 4 (%/day) were assessed by multivariable linear regression. Overall, the growth curves showed a uniform J-shape across all birth weight categories, with a low mean maximum body-weight loss (1.9%) and incidence of neonatal jaundice (0.3%). The body-weight loss patterns did not differ between the two groups. However, low birth weight neonates showed significantly faster growth patterns for percentage body-weight gain: β = 0.52 (95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.58). Under thermal control and nutrition regulation, low birth weight neonates might not have disadvantages in clinical outcomes or growth patterns.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CLING WRAP ON BODY TEMPERATURE AND WEIGHT AMONG LOW BIRTH WEIGHT NEONATES ADMITTED IN SICK NEWBORN CARE UNIT OF SELECTED MEDICAL COLLEGES OF WEST BENGAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 898-907
Author(s):  
Sahenaz Parvin ◽  
◽  
Uma Rani Adhikari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major challenging public health problem in developing countries. LBW neonates are more susceptible to evaporative heat loss and develop hypothermia immediately after birth that may lead to morbidity and mortality. An experimental study was undertaken among low birth weight neonates in selected medical colleges of West Bengal, with the objectives of effect of cling wrap on body weight and temperature among LBW neonates. Methods: 60 (E =30 & C= 30) subjects were recruited by simple random sampling technique (along with neonatal characteristics). Data were collected through record analysis proforma, digital baby weighing scale and digital thermometer. All tools were tested for validity and reliability and instruments were calibrated before data collection. Permission obtained from Ethics committee before data collection. Results: The findings revealed that most of the subjects (76.67%) had hypothermia in pretest and majority of the subjects (60%) had hypothermia in posttest in control group and most of the subjects (83.33%) had hypothermia before use of cling wrap whereas no one had hypothermia after the use of cling wrap in experimental group. There was significant difference in body temperature between control and experimental group for all five days in post-test at 0.05 level of significance. There was no significant difference in body weight between the control and experimental group of neonates but weight loss is less in experimental group than control group which is not statistically significant for all five days in posttest. The results also showed the significant association between post-test level of thermoregulation and weight at birth in control group of neonates. Conclusion: Therefore, use of cling wrap might be a simple innovative intervention for maintaining body temperature and preventing weight loss to some extent among LBW neonates.

Post-natal thyroid function in low birth weight infants; a longitudinal assessment of free thyroxine and thyroid hormone binding globulin

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeki Hirano ◽  
Jaideep Singh ◽  
Gopal Srinivasan ◽  
Rosita Pildes
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Term Infants

Abstract. Because the concentrations of serum free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid hormone binding globulin (TBG) have not been fully evaluated in preterm infants at the immediate post-natal period, we studied the longitudinal changes of serum FT4 and TBG, along with thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), at birth (cord blood), 2 days, 1 week and 2 weeks of age in 7 infants with birth body weight ≦ 1000 g, 7 infants with body weight 1001 to 1350 g, 11 infants with body weight 1351 to 2499 g, and 11 full-term infants. Free T4 concentrations were measured by Corning Medical radio-immunoassay (RIA) kit. The infants with extremely low birth weight (ELBW) (body weight ≦ 1000 g) showed precipitous declines of total T4 and, to a lesser extent, of FT4 concentrations at 1 and 2 weeks of age. These post-natal T4 and FT4 decreases in ELBW neonates have not previously been reported. The clinical significance of this finding remains, speculative, but it may be due to metabolic or nutritional problems related to extreme prematurity itself. This study suggests that measurement of FT4 is a useful adjunct to the assessment of ELBW infants with wery low T4 values, if done between 1 to 2 weeks af age, and could be used as a primary hypothyroid screening tool instead of T4 measurements, provided that an FT4 assay is developed that uses the elute of blood spotted on filter paper.

Impact of prenatal exercise on neonatal and childhood outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (21) ◽  
pp. 1386-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margie H Davenport ◽  
Victoria L Meah ◽  
Stephanie-May Ruchat ◽  
Gregory A Davies ◽  
Rachel J Skow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prenatal Exercise ◽  
Frequency Intensity

ObjectiveWe aimed to identify the relationship between maternal prenatal exercise and birth complications, and neonatal and childhood morphometric, metabolic and developmental outcomes.DesignSystematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesOnline databases were searched up to 6 January 2017.Study eligibility criteriaStudies of all designs were eligible (except case studies and reviews) if published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the relevant population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective/objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone (‘exercise-only’) or in combination with other intervention components (eg, dietary; ‘exercise+cointervention’)), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume, type or trimester of exercise) and outcomes (preterm birth, gestational age at delivery, birth weight, low birth weight (<2500 g), high birth weight (>4000 g), small for gestational age, large for gestational age, intrauterine growth restriction, neonatal hypoglycaemia, metabolic acidosis (cord blood pH, base excess), hyperbilirubinaemia, Apgar scores, neonatal intensive care unit admittance, shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, neonatal body composition (per cent body fat, body weight, body mass index (BMI), ponderal index), childhood obesity (per cent body fat, body weight, BMI) and developmental milestones (including cognitive, psychosocial, motor skills)).ResultsA total of 135 studies (n=166 094) were included. There was ‘high’ quality evidence from exercise-only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showing a 39% reduction in the odds of having a baby >4000 g (macrosomia: 15 RCTs, n=3670; OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.92) in women who exercised compared with women who did not exercise, without affecting the odds of growth-restricted, preterm or low birth weight babies. Prenatal exercise was not associated with the other neonatal or infant outcomes that were examined.ConclusionsPrenatal exercise is safe and beneficial for the fetus. Maternal exercise was associated with reduced odds of macrosomia (abnormally large babies) and was not associated with neonatal complications or adverse childhood outcomes.

scholarly journals Effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in pregnant Wistar rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ponzio de Azevedo Galvão ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Male Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ligature-induced periodontal disease in pregnant rats on their newborn's health parameters. Twenty-four female adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the control group (G1) and the group that was submitted to dental ligatures around second upper molars (G2). After the four week period of development of periodontitis, the female animals were mated with male adult Wistar rats. There were no differences in the body weight of females between the two groups during mating and pregnancy. No differences were observed among the groups in relation to the viable newborn index. However, there were differences in newborn birth weight, explained by the diverse size of the litters. In this study, ligature-induced periodontal disease did not promote changes during pregnancy that resulted in low birth weight in newborn Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Prevalence of low birth weight and its association with maternal body weight status in selected countries in Africa: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e020410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifei He ◽  
Ghose Bishwajit ◽  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Zhaohui Cheng ◽  
Dongsheng Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesThe present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), and to investigate the association between maternal body weight measured in terms of body mass index (BMI) and birth weight in selected countries in Africa.SettingUrban and rural household in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal and Uganda.ParticipantsMothers (n=11 418) aged between 15 and 49 years with a history of childbirth in the last 5 years.ResultsThe prevalence of LBW in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal and Uganda was, respectively, 13.4%, 10.2%, 12.1%, 15.7% and 10%. Compared with women who are of normal weight, underweight mothers had a higher likelihood of giving birth to LBW babies in all countries except Ghana. However, the association between maternal BMI and birth weight was found to be statistically significant for Senegal only (OR=1.961 (95% CI 1.259 to 3.055)).ConclusionUnderweight mothers in Senegal share a greater risk of having LBW babies compared with their normal-weight counterparts. Programmes targeting to address infant mortality should focus on promoting nutritional status among women of childbearing age. Longitudinal studies are required to better elucidate the causal nature of the relationship between maternal underweight and LBW.

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