scholarly journals Nanoemulsion and Nanoliposome Based Strategies for Improving Anthocyanin Stability and Bioavailability

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Huei Chen ◽  
Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Acai Berry ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Anthocyanin Stability ◽  
Purple Sweet Potato ◽  
Processing And Storage

Background: Anthocyanins, a flavonoid class of water-soluble pigments, are reported to possess several biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. However, anthocyanins are highly susceptible to degradation in high pH, light, heat, and oxygen during processing and storage. Conventional microencapsulation techniques fail to provide stability to anthocyanins under physiological environments mainly because of their large particle size as well as low zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency. Methods: Nanotechnology provides novel strategies for preparing nanoformulations to enhance the physicochemical stability of anthocyanins. Nanoemulsion and nanoliposome are the two most commonly used nanosystems in pharmaceutical and food-related fields. In this review, an overview of various nanoemulsion and nanoliposome systems reported recently for enhancing stability, bioavailability, and bioactivity of anthocyanins is presented. Results: Anthocyanin nanoemulsions with different oil, water, surfactant, and cosurfactant ratios were prepared from extracts of mangosteen peel, purple sweet potato, cranberry, red cabbage, blueberry, jaboticaba peel, and acai berry and evaluated for their antioxidant activity, enhancement of physicochemical stability, topical skin application, and urinary tract infection. Likewise, unilamellar and multilamellar nanoliposomes were prepared using different types and levels of lecithin without or with cholesterol from anthocyanin standards and extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa, mulberry, elderberry, black carrot, and pistachio green hull for the evaluation of physicochemical and oxidative stability, in vitro bioaccessibility, and melanogenic activity, as well as protective effects against diabetes mellitus and cataract. Conclusion: This review provides an insight into the current nanotechnology updates on enhancement of anthocyanin stability and biological activity.

scholarly journals Veronicastrum axillare Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Suppression of Proinflammatory Mediators and Downregulation of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanxin Ma ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Qinqin Yang ◽  
Shun Ping ◽  
Weichun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Veronicastrum axillare is a traditional medical plant in China which is widely used in folk medicine due to its versatile biological activities, especially for its anti-inflammatory effects. However, the detailed mechanism underlying this action is not clear. Here, we studied the protective effects of V. axillare against acute lung injury (ALI), and we further explored the pharmacological mechanisms of this action. We found that pretreatment with V. axillare suppressed the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum of ALI mice. Histological analysis of lung tissue demonstrated that V. axillare inhibited LPS-induced lung injury, improved lung morphology, and reduced the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the lungs. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory actions of V. axillare were investigated in vitro. We observed that V. axillare suppressed the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW264.7 cells challenged with LPS. Furthermore, pretreatment of V. axillare in vitro reduced the phosphorylation of p65 and IκB-α which is activated by LPS. In conclusion, our data firstly demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory effects of V. axillare against ALI were achieved through downregulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the production of inflammatory mediators.

scholarly journals Plant polyphenols in cancer and heart disease: implications as nutritional antioxidants

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry G. Duthie ◽  
Susan J. Duthie ◽  
Janet A. M. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Intracellular Location ◽  
Processing And Storage

AbstractCertain dietary antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin C are important for maintaining optimum health. There is now much interest in polyphenolic products of the plant phenylpropanoid pathway as they have considerable antioxidant activityin vitroand are ubiquitous in our diet. Rich sources include tea, wine, fruits and vegetables although levels are affected by species, light, degree of ripeness, processing and storage. This confounds the formulation of databases for the estimation of dietary intakes. Most attention to date has focused on the flavonoids, a generic term which includes chalcones, flavones, flavanones, flavanols and anthocyanins. There is little convincing epidemiological evidence that intakes of polyphenols are inversely related to the incidence of cancer whereas a number of studies suggest that high intakes of flavonoids may be protective against CHD. In contrast, numerous cell culture and animal models indicate potent anticarcinogenic activity by certain polyphenols mediated through a range of mechanisms including antioxidant activity, enzyme modulation, gene expression, apoptosis, upregulation of gap junction communication and P-glycoprotein activation. Possible protective effects against heart disease may be due to the ability of some polyphenols to prevent the oxidation of LDL to an atherogenic form although anti-platelet aggregation activity and vasodilatory properties are also reported. However, some polyphenols are toxic in mammalian cells. Thus, until more is known about their bioavailability, metabolism and intracellular location, increasing intakes of polyphenols by supplements or food fortification may be unwise.

Corn protein hydrolysate as a novel nano-vehicle: Enhanced physicochemical stability and in vitro bioaccessibility of vitamin D3

LWT ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 510-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Lin ◽  
Yong-Hui Wang ◽  
Xiao-Quan Yang ◽  
Jian Guo ◽  
Jin-Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Influence of different processing and storage conditions on in vitro bioaccessibility of polyphenols in black carrot jams and marmalades

2015 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senem Kamiloglu ◽  
Ayca Ayfer Pasli ◽  
Beraat Ozcelik ◽  
John Van Camp ◽  
Esra Capanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Black Carrot ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Protective Effect of Rosmarinic Acid is Through Regulation of Inflammatory Cytokine in Cadmium-Induced Ototoxicity

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 391-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Jin Kim ◽  
Jae-Young Um ◽  
Sung-Hoon Kim ◽  
Seung-Heon Hong
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Mechanism

Cadmium ( Cd2+ ) is an environmental contaminant that causes a variety of adverse effects. Auditory cells are sensitive to cadmium, and the cochlea is more vulnerable to cadmium toxicity than the other parts of the auditory system. Rosmarinic acid (RA) exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, mainly antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the regulatory effects of RA in the auditory system have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of RA on Cd2+ -induced ototoxicity in vitro and ex vivo. The findings showed that RA inhibited Cd2+ -mediated cell toxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β production, the translocation of the apoptosis inducing factor into the nucleus and activation of caspases-3 in an auditory cell line, HEI-OC1. In addition, RA prevented the destruction of hair cell arrays in the rat organ of Cortiprimary explants in the presence of Cd2+ . These results are expected to improve our understanding of the pharmacological mechanism of RA, and help develop potential therapeutic strategies against ototoxicity.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of Vitamin E in Yogurt-Based Beverage Emulsions: Influence of Bulk Pasteurization and Chilled Storage on Physicochemical Stability and Starter Culture Viability

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Vassilios Raikos ◽  
Lynn P. Pirie ◽  
Sati Gürel ◽  
Helen E. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Chilled Storage ◽  
Culture Viability ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
And Storage

Yogurt is a nutritious food that is regularly consumed in many countries around the world and is widely appreciated for its organoleptic properties. Despite its contribution to human dietary requirements, yogurt in its traditional recipe is a poor source of fat-soluble vitamins. To respond to consumer demands and further increase the nutritional value of this product, this work aimed to fortify yogurt with vitamin E by using emulsification as the method of encapsulation. The effects of thermal processing and chilled storage on the physicochemical stability of the yogurt-based beverage was investigated. Vitamin E was only minorly affected by bulk pasteurization at 63 °C for 30 min and remained stable during storage at 4 °C for 28 days. Fortified samples showed increased in vitro antioxidant activity compared with non-fortified samples. Lactic acid bacterial counts were above the minimum recommended levels (>106 cfu/g) after processing and storage. In conclusion, this work has demonstrated that emulsification can be an effective strategy for developing yogurt-based products fortified with fat soluble vitamins.

scholarly journals Microbial Metabolite Sodium Butyrate Attenuates Cartilage Degradation by Restoring Impaired Autophagy and Autophagic Flux in Osteoarthritis Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haikang Zhou ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Rendong Jiang ◽  
Yicheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Protective Effects

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease with multiple etiologies that affects individuals worldwide. No effective interventions are currently available to reverse the pathological process of OA. Sodium butyrate (NaB), a component of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), has multiple biological activities, including the attenuation of inflammation and anti-tumor activities in various diseases. However, whether the protective effects of NaB in OA are associated with the promotion of autophagy had not been investigated. Here, we explored the chondroprotective properties of NaB in an interleukin (IL)-1β-induced inflammatory chondrocyte model and an anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mouse model. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Safranin O, and immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate the effects of NaB treatment on articular cartilage. An optimal NaB dose for chondrocyte treatment was determined via cell counting kit-8 assays. Immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect autophagy in chondrocytes. Flow cytometry was utilized to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle activity, and apoptosis in chondrocytes. Western blot and immunostaining were performed to evaluate the protein expression levels of relevant indicators. We found that the administration of NaB by oral gavage could attenuate cartilage degradation. In parallel, NaB treatment could enhance the activation of autophagy, increase autophagic flux, decrease extracellular matrix degradation, and reduce apoptosis by restraining inflammation, ROS production, and cell cycle arrest in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. The protective effects of NaB could be partially abolished by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), which indicated that the protective effects of NaB against OA were partially governed by the enhancement of autophagy to restrain the formation of inflammatory mediators and ROS and regulate cell cycle progression and apoptosis in chondrocytes. In conclusion, NaB could attenuate OA progression by restoring impaired autophagy and autophagic flux via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, both in vitro and in vivo, implying that NaB could represent a novel therapeutic approach for OA.

scholarly journals Protective effects of orally applied fullerenol nano particles in rats after a single dose of doxorubicin

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Icevic ◽  
Aleksandar Vukmirovic ◽  
Branislava Srdjenovic ◽  
Jan Sudji ◽  
Aleksandar Djordjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Nephroprotective Effect

Polyhydroxylated, water soluble, fullerenol C60(OH)24 nano particles (FNP) in vitro and in vivo models, showed an expressive biological activity. The goal of this work was to investigate the potential protective effects of orally applied FNP on rats after a single dose of doxorubicin (DOX) (8 mg/kg (i.p.)) 6 h after the last application of FNP. After the last drug administration, the rats were sacrificed, and the blood and tissues were taken for the analysis. Biochemical and pathological results obtained in this study indicate that fullerenol (FNP), in H2O:DMSO (80:20, w/w) solution given orally in final doses of 10, 14.4, and 21.2 mg/kg three days successively, has the protective (hepatoprotective and nephroprotective) effect against doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity via its antioxidant properties.

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