scholarly journals Food Composition Impacts the Accuracy of Wearable Devices When Estimating Energy Intake from Energy-Dense Food

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Giulia Lorenzoni ◽  
Daniele Bottigliengo ◽  
Danila Azzolina ◽  
Dario Gregori
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Measurement Device ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
Energy Dense Food

The present study aimed to assess the feasibility and reliability of an a3utomatic food intake measurement device in estimating energy intake from energy-dense foods. Eighteen volunteers aged 20–36 years were recruited from the University of Padova. The device used in the present study was the Bite Counter (Bite Technologies, Pendleton, USA). The rationale of the device is that the wrist movements occurring in the act of bringing food to the mouth present unique patterns that are recognized and recorded by the Bite Counter. Subjects were asked to wear the Bite Counter on the wrist of the dominant hand, to turn the device on before the first bite and to turn it off once he or she finished his or her meal. The accuracy of caloric intake was significantly different among the methods used. In addition, the device’s accuracy in estimating energy intake varied according to the type and amount of macronutrients present, and the difference was independent of the number of bites recorded. Further research is needed to overcome the current limitations of wearable devices in estimating caloric intake, which is not independent of the food being eaten.

Short Paper: Use of Natural Spoken Language with Automated Mapping of Self-Reported Food Intake to Food Composition Data for Low-Burden Real-Time Dietary Assessment (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salima Taylor ◽  
Mandy Korpuski ◽  
Sai Das ◽  
Cheryl Gilhooly ◽  
Ryan Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Self-monitoring food intake is a cornerstone of national recommendations for health, but existing applications are burdensome, which limits use. OBJECTIVE We developed and pilot tested a new app (COCO Nutritionist) that combines speech understanding technology with technologies for mapping foods to appropriate food composition codes in national databases, for lower-burden and automated nutritional analysis of self-reported dietary intake. METHODS COCO was compared with the multiple-pass, interviewer-administered 24h-recall method for assessment of energy intake. COCO was used for five consecutive days, and 24-h dietary recalls were obtained for two of the days. Participants were 35 women and men with a mean age of 28 (range 20-58) years, and mean Body Mass Index of 24 (range 17-48) kg/m2. RESULTS There was no significant difference in energy intake between values obtained by COCO and 24-h recall for days when both methods were used (2092 +/- 1044 [SD] versus 2030 +/- 687 [SD], P=0.70). There was also no differences between the methods in the percent of energy from protein, carbohydrate and fat (P=0.27-0.89), and no trend in energy intake obtained with COCO over the entire 5-day study period (p=0.186). CONCLUSIONS This first demonstration of a dietary assessment method using natural spoken language to map reported foods to food composition codes demonstrates a promising new approach to automate assessments of dietary intake. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals Effects of long-term intervention with low- and high-glycaemic-index breakfasts on food intake in children aged 8–11 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jeya K. Henry ◽  
Helen J. Lightowler ◽  
Caroline M. Strik
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Difference

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of long-term intervention of low-glycaemic-index (GI) v. high-GI breakfasts on energy and macronutrient intakes in children aged 8–11 years. Preadolescent children were assigned to one of two groups in a random cross-over design. Each group was given low-GI and high-GI breakfasts on two non-consecutive days per week for 10 weeks per breakfast type. Each breakfast provided approximately 1273 kJ (300 kcal) and was closely matched for macronutrient and dietary fibre content. Subsequent food intake at an ad libitum buffet lunch was recorded and daily energy and macronutrient intakes were measured by 24 h recall and 3 d food diaries. There was a tendency towards a reduced energy intake at lunch following the low-GI breakfast compared with the high-GI breakfast, although the mean difference of 75 kJ (18 kcal) was not significant (P = 0·406). In particular, there was a trend towards a reduced energy intake in the low-GI arm compared with the high-GI arm among boys. In addition, data from the 3 d food diaries showed that there was a tendency towards a reduced energy intake during the low-GI compared with the high-GI study period. In conclusion, although the difference in energy intake following the low-GI and high-GI breakfasts was not statistically significant, the reduced energy intake following the low-GI breakfast is encouraging. Both dietary fibre and carbohydrate type may affect GI, thus their potential and relative modulating effect on appetite requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Measuring Caloric Intake at the Population Level (NOTION): Protocol for an Experimental Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Fuscà ◽  
Anna Bolzon ◽  
Alessia Buratin ◽  
Mariangela Ruffolo ◽  
Paola Berchialla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Dietary Control ◽  
Final Report ◽  
The University

BACKGROUND The monitoring of caloric intake is an important challenge for the maintenance of individual and public health. The instruments used so far for dietary monitoring (eg, food frequency questionnaires, food diaries, and telephone interviews) are inexpensive and easy to implement but show important inaccuracies. Alternative methods based on wearable devices and wrist accelerometers have been proposed, yet they have limited accuracy in predicting caloric intake because analytics are usually not well suited to manage the massive sets of data generated from these types of devices. OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop an algorithm using recent advances in machine learning methodology, which provides a precise and stable estimate of caloric intake. METHODS The study will capture four individual eating activities outside the home over 2 months. Twenty healthy Italian adults will be recruited from the University of Padova in Padova, Italy, with email, flyers, and website announcements. The eligibility requirements include age 18 to 66 years and no eating disorder history. Each participant will be randomized to one of two menus to be eaten on weekdays in a predefined cafeteria in Padova (northeastern Italy). Flows of raw data will be accessed and downloaded from the wearable devices given to study participants and associated with anthropometric and demographic characteristics of the user (with their written permission). These massive data flows will provide a detailed picture of real-life conditions and will be analyzed through an up-to-date machine learning approach with the aim to accurately predict the caloric contribution of individual eating activities. Gold standard evaluation of the energy content of eaten foods will be obtained using calorimetric assessments made at the Laboratory of Dietetics and Nutraceutical Research of the University of Padova. RESULTS The study will last 14 months from July 2017 with a final report by November 2018. Data collection will occur from October to December 2017. From this study, we expect to obtain a series of relevant data that, opportunely filtered, could allow the construction of a prototype algorithm able to estimate caloric intake through the recognition of food type and the number of bites. The algorithm should work in real time, be embedded in a wearable device, and able to match bite-related movements and the corresponding caloric intake with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Building an automatic calculation method for caloric intake, independent on the black-box processing of the wearable devices marketed so far, has great potential both for clinical nutrition (eg, for assessing cardiovascular compliance or for the prevention of coronary heart disease through proper dietary control) and public health nutrition as a low-cost monitoring tool for eating habits of different segments of the population. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPOR DERR1-10.2196/12116

Effect of an Integrated Child Nutrition Intervention on the Complementary Food Intake of Young Children in Rural North Viet Nam

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (4_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Pachón ◽  
Dirk G. Schroeder ◽  
David R. Marsh ◽  
Kirk A. Dearden ◽  
Tran Thu Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Complementary Food ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Food Consumed

Forty-two percent of Vietnamese children are stunted by two years of age. Since 1990, Save the Children Federation/US (SC) has implemented integrated nutrition programs targeting young children. We evaluated the effect of SC's nutrition program on the complementary food intake of young rural Vietnamese children. Using a longitudinal, prospective, randomized design, we followed 238 children (119 each from intervention and comparison communes) age 5 to 25 months old for six months with a re-survey at 12 months. We gathered 24-hour recall data at baseline and at months 2, 4, 6, and 12. Dietary energy intake was calculated using the 1972 Vietnamese food composition table. Key outcomes were daily frequency of consuming intervention-promoted food and non-breastmilk liquids and food, daily quantity of non-breastmilk liquids and food consumed, daily energy intake, and proportion of children meeting daily median energy requirements. Young rural children exposed to SC's program consumed intervention-promoted and any foods more frequently, ate a greater quantity of any food, consumed more energy, and were more likely to meet their daily energy requirements than comparison children. Some effects were only observed during the intensive intervention period; others persisted into or were evident only at the 12-month follow-up, approximately four months after program completion. Based on the mothers' reports, the intervention did not apparently compromise breastfeeding prevalence or frequency. The intervention improved children's food and energy intake and protected them from declining as rapidly as comparison children in meeting their energy requirements.

scholarly journals Effect of ultraprocessed food intake on cardiometabolic risk is mediated by diet quality: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000225
Author(s):  
Jennifer Griffin ◽  
Anwar Albaloul ◽  
Alexandra Kopytek ◽  
Paul Elliott ◽  
Gary Frost
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Occupational Cohort

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of the consumption of ultraprocessed food on diet quality, and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in an occupational cohort.DesignCross-sectional.SettingOccupational cohort.Participants53 163 British police force employees enrolled (2004–2012) into the Airwave Health Monitoring Study. A total of 28 forces across the UK agreed to participate. 9009 participants with available 7-day diet record data and complete co-variate data are reported in this study.Main outcome measuresA CMR and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score were treated as continuous variables and used to generate measures of cardiometabolic health and diet quality. Secondary outcome measures include percentage of energy from fat, saturated fat, carbohydrate, protein and non-milk extrinsic sugars (NMES) and fibre grams per 1000 kcal of energy intake.ResultsIn this cohort, 58.3%±11.6 of total energy intake was derived from ultraprocessed (NOVA 4) foods. Ultraprocessed food intake was negatively correlated with diet quality (r=−0.32, p<0.001), fibre (r=−0.20, p<0.001) and protein (r = −0.40, p<0.001) and positively correlated with fat (r=0.18, p<0.001), saturated fat (r=0.14, p<0.001) and nmes (r=0.10, p<0.001) intake . Multivariable analysis suggests a positive association between ultraprocessed food (NOVA 4) consumption and CMR. However, this main effect was no longer observed after adjustment for diet quality (p=0.209). Findings from mediation analysis indicate that the effect of ultraprocessed food (NOVA 4) intake on CMR is mediated by diet quality (p<0.001).ConclusionsUltraprocessed food consumption is associated with a deterioration in diet quality and positively associated with CMR, although this association is mediated by and dependent on the quality of the diet. The negative impact of ultraprocessed food consumption on diet quality needs to be addressed and controlled studies are needed to fully comprehend whether the relationship between ultraprocessed food consumption and health is independent to its relationship with poor diet quality.

scholarly journals Measuring cost and affordability of current vs. healthy diets in Argentina: an application of linear programming and the INFORMAS protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Giacobone ◽  
Maria Victoria Tiscornia ◽  
Leila Guarnieri ◽  
Luciana Castronuovo ◽  
Sally Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Average Household Income ◽  
Healthy Diets ◽  
Diet Cost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Optimal Approach

Abstract Background Food cost and affordability is one of the main barriers to improve the nutritional quality of diets of the population. However, in Argentina, where over 60% of adults and 40% of children and adolescents are overweight or obese, little is known about the difference in cost and affordability of healthier diets compared to ordinary, less healthy ones. Methods We implemented the “optimal approach” proposed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). We modelled the current diet and two types of healthy diets, one equal in energy with the current diet and one 6.3% lower in energy by linear programming. Cost estimations were performed by collecting food product prices and running a Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations) to obtain a range of costs for each model diet. Affordability was measured as the percentage contribution of diet cost vs. average household income in average, poor and extremely poor households and by income deciles. Results On average, households must spend 32% more money on food to ensure equal energy intake from a healthy diet than from a current model diet. When the energy intake target was reduced by 6.3%, the difference in cost was 22%. There are no reasonably likely situations in which any of these healthy diets could cost less or the same than the current unhealthier one. Over 50% of households would be unable to afford the modelled healthy diets, while 40% could not afford the current diet. Conclusions Differential cost and affordability of healthy vs. unhealthy diets are germane to the design of effective public policies to reduce obesity and NCDs in Argentina. It is necessary to implement urgent measures to transform the obesogenic environment, making healthier products more affordable, available and desirable, and discouraging consumption of nutrient-poor, energy-rich foods.

scholarly journals A scoping review of chronotype and temporal patterns of eating of adults: Tools used, findings, and future directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
Yan Yin Phoi ◽  
Michelle Rogers ◽  
Maxine P. Bonham ◽  
Jillian Dorrian ◽  
Alison M. Coates
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Meal Skipping ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Circadian rhythms, metabolic processes, and dietary intake are inextricably linked. Timing of food intake is a modifiable temporal cue for the circadian system and may be influenced by numerous factors, including individual chronotype—an indicator of an individual’s circadian rhythm in relation to the light-dark cycle. This scoping review examines temporal patterns of eating across chronotypes and assesses tools that have been used to collect data on temporal patterns of eating and chronotype. A systematic search identified thirty-six studies in which aspects of temporal patterns of eating including meal timings; meal skipping; energy distribution across the day; meal frequency; time interval between meals, or meals and wake/sleep times; midpoint of food/energy intake; meal regularity; and duration of eating window were presented in relation to chronotype. Findings indicate that compared to morning chronotypes, evening chronotypes tend to skip meals more frequently, have later mealtimes, and distribute greater energy intake towards later times of the day. More studies should explore the difference in meal regularity and duration of eating window amongst chronotypes. Currently, tools used in collecting data on chronotype and temporal patterns of eating are varied, limiting the direct comparison of findings between studies. Development of a standardised assessment tool will allow future studies to confidently compare findings to inform the development and assessment of guidelines that provide recommendations on temporal patterns of eating for optimal health.

scholarly journals Enamel interproximal reduction during treatment with clear aligners: digital planning versus OrthoCAD analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Laganà ◽  
Arianna Malara ◽  
Roberta Lione ◽  
Carlotta Danesi ◽  
Simonetta Meuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plan ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dependent Sample ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The University ◽  
Enamel Reduction ◽  
Lower Arch

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to compare the amount of interproximal enamel reduction (IPR) provided on ClinCheck software with the amount of IPR carried out by the orthodontist during treatment with clear aligners. Methods 30 subjects (14 males, 16 females; mean age of 24.53 ± 13.41 years) randomly recruited from the Invisalign account of the Department of Orthodontics at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” from November 2018 to October 2019, were collected according to the following inclusion criteria: mild to moderate dento-alveolar discrepancy (1.5–6.5 mm); Class I canine and molar relationship; full permanent dentition (excluding third molars); both arches treated only using Comprehensive Package by Invisalign system; treatment plan including IPR. Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) digital models (.stl files), created from an iTero scan, were collected from all selected patients. The OrthoCAD digital software was used to measure tooth mesiodistal width in upper and lower arches before (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1) before any refinement. The widest mesio-distal diameter was measured for each tooth excluding molars by “Diagnostic” OrthoCAD tool. The total amount of IPR performed during treatment was obtained comparing the sum of mesio-distal widths of all measured teeth at T0 and T1. Significant T1–T0 differences were tested with dependent sample t-test (P < 0.05). Results In the upper arch, IPR was digitally planned on average for 0.62 mm while in the lower arch was on average for 1.92 mm. As for the amount of enamel actually removed after IPR performing, it was on average 0.62 mm in the maxillary arch. In the mandibular arch, the mean of IPR carried out was 1.93 mm. The difference between planned IPR and performed IPR is described: this difference was on average 0.00 mm in the upper arch and 0.01 in the lower arch. Conclusions The amount of enamel removed in vivo corresponded with the amount of IPR planned by the Orthodontist using ClinCheck software.

scholarly journals Determination of Force Coefficients for a Submerged Rigid Breakwater under the Action of Solitary Waves

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Francesco Aristodemo ◽  
Giuseppe Tripepi ◽  
Luana Gurnari ◽  
Pasquale Filianoti
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Wave Loads ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Wave Flume ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
Semi Empirical

We present an analysis related to the evaluation of Morison and transverse force coefficients in the case of a submerged square barrier subject to the action of solitary waves. To this purpose, two-dimensional experimental research was undertaken in the wave flume of the University of Calabria, in which a rigid square barrier was provided by a discrete battery of pressure sensors to determine the horizontal and vertical hydrodynamic forces. A total set of 18 laboratory tests was carried out by varying the motion law of a piston-type paddle. Owing to the low Keulegan–Carpenter numbers of the tests, the force regime of the physical tests was defined by the dominance of the inertia loads in the horizontal direction and of the lift loads in the vertical one. Through the use of the time series of wave forces and the undisturbed kinematics, drag, horizontal inertia, lift, and vertical inertia coefficients in the Morison and transverse semi-empirical schemes were calculated using time-domain approaches, adopting the WLS1 method for the minimization of the difference between the maximum forces and the linked phase shifts by comparing laboratory and calculated wave loads. Practical equations to calculate these coefficients as a function of the wave non-linearity were introduced. The obtained results highlighted the prevalence of the horizontal forces in comparison with the vertical ones which, however, prove to be fundamental for stability purposes of the barrier. An overall good agreement between the experimental forces and those calculated by the calibrated semi-empirical schemes was found, particularly for the positive horizontal and vertical loads. The analysis of the hydrodynamic coefficients showed a decreasing trend for the drag, horizontal inertia, and lift coefficients as a function of the wave non-linearity, while the vertical inertia coefficient underlined an initial increasing trend and a successive slight decreasing trend.

scholarly journals Severe protein deficiency induces hepatic expression and systemic level of FGF21 but inhibits its hypothalamic expression in growing rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick C. Even ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Julien Piedcoq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

AbstractTo study, in young growing rats, the consequences of different levels of dietary protein deficiency on food intake, body weight, body composition, and energy balance and to assess the role of FGF21 in the adaptation to a low protein diet. Thirty-six weanling rats were fed diets containing 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 20% protein for three weeks. Body weight, food intake, energy expenditure and metabolic parameters were followed throughout this period. The very low-protein diets (3% and 5%) induced a large decrease in body weight gain and an increase in energy intake relative to body mass. No gain in fat mass was observed because energy expenditure increased in proportion to energy intake. As expected, Fgf21 expression in the liver and plasma FGF21 increased with low-protein diets, but Fgf21 expression in the hypothalamus decreased. Under low protein diets (3% and 5%), the increase in liver Fgf21 and the decrease of Fgf21 in the hypothalamus induced an increase in energy expenditure and the decrease in the satiety signal responsible for hyperphagia. Our results highlight that when dietary protein decreases below 8%, the liver detects the low protein diet and responds by activating synthesis and secretion of FGF21 in order to activate an endocrine signal that induces metabolic adaptation. The hypothalamus, in comparison, responds to protein deficiency when dietary protein decreases below 5%.

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