Coffee Intake and Obesity: A Meta-Analysis

Many studies have explored the relationship between coffee—one of the most commonly consumed beverages today—and obesity. Despite inconsistent results, the relationship has not been systematically summarized. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis by compiling data from 12 epidemiologic studies identified from PubMed and Embase through February 2019. The included studies assessed obesity by body mass index (BMI, a measure of overall adiposity) or waist circumference (WC, a measure of central adiposity); analyzed the measure as a continuous outcome or binary outcome. Using random effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained for continuous outcomes; summary relative risk (RR) and 95% CI for the highest vs. lowest categories of coffee intake were estimated for binary outcome. For BMI, WMD was −0.08 (95% CI −0.14, −0.02); RR was 1.49 (95% CI 0.97, 2.29). For WC, WMD was −0.27 (95% CI −0.51, −0.02) and RR was 1.07 (95% CI 0.84, 1.36). In subgroup analysis by sex, evidence for an inverse association was more evident in men, specifically for continuous outcome, with WMD −0.05 (95% CI −0.09, −0.02) for BMI and −0.21 (95% CI −0.35, −0.08) for WC. Our meta-analysis suggests that higher coffee intake might be modestly associated with reduced adiposity, particularly in men.

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Lutein and zeaxanthin intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511004260 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (3) ◽

pp. 350-359 ◽

Cited By ~ 119

Author(s):

Le Ma ◽

Hong-Liang Dou ◽

Yi-Qun Wu ◽

Yang-Mu Huang ◽

Yu-Bei Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Intake ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Age Related ◽

Search Data ◽

The Relationship ◽

Study Quality Assessment

Lutein and zeaxanthin are thought to decrease the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, findings have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin and AMD risk. Relevant studies were identified by searching five databases up to April 2010. Reference lists of articles were retrieved, and experts were contacted. Literature search, data extraction and study quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers and results were pooled quantitatively using meta-analysis methods. The potential sources of heterogeneity and publication bias were also estimated. The search yielded six longitudinal cohort studies. The pooled relative risk (RR) for early AMD, comparing the highest with the lowest category of lutein and zeaxanthin intake, was 0·96 (95 % CI 0·78, 1·17). Dietary intake of these carotenoids was significantly related with a reduction in risk of late AMD (RR 0·74; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·97); and a statistically significant inverse association was observed between lutein and zeaxanthin intake and neovascular AMD risk (RR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·92). The results were essentially consistent among subgroups stratified by participant characteristics. The findings of the present meta-analysis indicate that dietary lutein and zeaxanthin is not significantly associated with a reduced risk of early AMD, whereas an increase in the intake of these carotenoids may be protective against late AMD. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these relationships.

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100% Fruit juice intake and cardiovascular risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective and randomised controlled studies

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-020-02426-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lanfranco D’Elia ◽

◽

Monica Dinu ◽

Francesco Sofi ◽

Massimo Volpe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Dose Response ◽

Prospective Studies ◽

Fruit Juice ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Non Linear ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Purpose The relationship between 100% fruit juice (100%FJ) consumption and cardiovascular risk is object of debate: indeed, recently published investigations provided new but discrepant evidence on this important question and International dietary guidelines are not in agreement on recommendations about fruit juice consumption. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of the prospective studies and the randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that explored the relationship between 100%FJ intake, cardiovascular risk profile and risk of cardiovascular events. Methods We performed a systematic search of publications up to August 2019. Summary relative risks and exploration of linearity of the association were estimated for prospective studies and summary mean differences (MDs) calculated for RCTs. Results A total of 21 prospective studies and 35 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Dose–response analysis detected a significant inverse association between low-moderate 100%FJ consumption and risk of stroke (up to 200 ml/day) or total CV events (up to 170 ml/day) compared with no consumption, with a non-linear relationship (p for non-linearity < 0.05). No significant association was found for coronary heart disease and diabetes risk. In RCTs, a favorable and significant effect of 100%FJ intake was detected on blood pressure (systolic, MD: − 3.14 mmHg; diastolic, MD: − 1.68 mmHg), arterial compliance (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, − 0.38 m/s) and endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation, 2.10%). Neutral effects were found on body weight, blood lipids and glucose metabolism. Conclusions The results of these analyses indicate that 100%FJ consumption is not associated with higher CV risk. A non-linear inverse dose–response relationship occurs between 100%FJ consumption and CV disease, in particular for risk of stroke, probably mediated by the decrease in blood pressure. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number (CRD42019135577).

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Coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis

10.21203/rs.2.24833/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaonan Chen ◽

Yiqiao Zhao ◽

Zijia Tao ◽

Kefeng Wang

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Coffee Consumption ◽

Significant Heterogeneity ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Coffee Intake

Abstract Background Although in vitro and in vivo experiments have suggested that coffee may exert inhibitory effects on prostate carcinogenesis, epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent results on the association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of cohort studies to assess the association between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk. PubMed and Embase were searched for eligible studies up to Jan 2020. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using fixed or random effects models depending on whether significant heterogeneity was detected. Results Fifteen prospective cohort studies, with 50,200 cases of prostate cancer and 949,752 total cohort members, were included in the meta-analysis. A statistically significant inverse association was detected between coffee consumption and prostate cancer risk. The pooled relative risk (RR) was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.98; I 2= 53.2%) for the highest coffee consumption compared with lowest consumption. The association exhibited a linear trend ( P =0.006 for linear trend), and the pooled RR was 0.989 (95% CI: 0.982, 0.997) for an increase of 1 cup of coffee per day. The pooled RRs were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.99), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.09) and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66, 1.08) for localized, advanced and fatal prostate cancer, respectively. No publication bias was detected. Conclusions Our findings provide more evidence that increased coffee consumption is associated with lower prostate cancer risk. It implies that men might be encouraged to increase the coffee intake to lower their risk of prostate cancer.

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Association between Vitamin D Level and Acne, and Correlation with Disease Severity: A Meta-Analysis

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000517514 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yusuf Hasamoh ◽

Kunlawat Thadanipon ◽

Premjit Juntongjin

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

The Relationship ◽

Ottawa Scale

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is frequently associated with several medical conditions. However, a comprehensive meta-analysis assessing the association between vitamin D level and acne is lacking. Objective: To determine the relationship between vitamin D level and acne, and to assess the association between vitamin D level and acne severity. Methods: This meta-analysis was assessed by using the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Scopus databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Serum/plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) level, vitamin D deficiency, and the severity association between acne patients and healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated. The quality assessment was performed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Thirteen articles with a total of 1,362 acne patients and 1,081 HCs were included. The circulating 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in patients with acne than in HCs (pooled MD = –9.02 ng/mL, 95% CI = –13.22 to –4.81, p < 0.0001). Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in acne patients than in HCs (pooled OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.68–5.23, I2 = 72%). Also, vitamin D levels were negatively correlated with acne severity. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated the significantly low vitamin D levels in acne patients. Also, there was evidence of an inverse association between vitamin D levels and acne severity. Therefore, vitamin D might be involved in the pathogenesis of acne.

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Association of coffee drinking with all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014001438 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 1282-1291 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yimin Zhao ◽

Kejian Wu ◽

Jusheng Zheng ◽

Ruiting Zuo ◽

Duo Li

Keyword(s):

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Coffee Consumption ◽

Coffee Intake ◽

Random Effects Models ◽

Coffee Drinking ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Relative Risks ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to use the meta-analysis method to assess the relationship between coffee drinking and all-cause mortality.DesignCategorical and dose–response meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models.SettingWe systematically searched and identified eligible literature in the PubMed and Scopus databases.SubjectsSeventeen studies including 1 054 571 participants and 131 212 death events from all causes were included in the present study.ResultsSeventeen studies were included and evaluated in the meta-analysis. A U-shaped dose–response relationship was found between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality (Pfor non-linearity <0·001). Compared with non/occasional coffee drinkers, the relative risks for all-cause mortality were 0·89 (95 % CI 0·85, 0·93) for 1–<3 cups/d, 0·87 (95 % CI 0·83, 0·91) for 3–<5 cups/d and 0·90 (95 % CI 0·87, 0·94) for ≥5 cups/d, and the relationship was more marked in females than in males.ConclusionsThe present meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies indicated that light to moderate coffee intake is associated with a reduced risk of death from all causes, particularly in women.

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KL-6 as an Immunological Biomarker Predicts the Severity, Progression, Acute Exacerbation, and Poor Outcomes of Interstitial Lung Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.745233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Tao Zhang ◽

Ping Shen ◽

Chunyan Duan ◽

Lingyun Gao

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Lung Disease ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Acute Exacerbation ◽

Adverse Outcome ◽

Weighted Mean Difference ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Weighted Mean ◽

Poor Outcomes ◽

The Relationship

ObjectInterstitial lung disease (ILD) is a specific form of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia with various etiology. The severity and progression of ILD usually predict the poor outcomes of ILD. Otherwise, Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is a potential immunological biomarker reflecting the severity and progression of ILD. This meta-analysis is to clarify the predictive value of elevated KL-6 levels in ILD.MethodEBSCO, PubMed, and Cochrane were systematically searched for articles exploring the prognosis of ILD published between January 1980 and April 2021. The Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were computed as the effect sizes for comparisons between groups. For the relationship between adverse outcome and elevated KL-6 concentration, Hazard Ratio (HR), and its 95%CI were used to estimate the risk factor of ILD.ResultOur result showed that ILD patients in severe and progressive groups had higher KL-6 levels, and the KL-6 level of patients in the severe ILD was 703.41 (U/ml) than in mild ILD. The KL-6 level in progressive ILD group was 325.98 (U/ml) higher than that in the non-progressive ILD group. Secondly, the KL-6 level of patients in acute exacerbation (AE) of ILD was 545.44 (U/ml) higher than stable ILD. Lastly, the higher KL-6 level in ILD patients predicted poor outcomes. The KL-6 level in death of ILD was 383.53 (U/ml) higher than in survivors of ILD. The pooled HR (95%CI) about elevated KL-6 level predicting the mortality of ILD was 2.05 (1.50–2.78), and the HR (95%CI) for progression of ILD was 1.98 (1.07–3.67).ConclusionThe elevated KL-6 level indicated more severe, more progressive, and predicted the higher mortality and poor outcomes of ILD.

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Does the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers12082220 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2220

Author(s):

Hee-Eun Hong ◽

A-Sol Kim ◽

Mi-Rae Kim ◽

Hae-Jin Ko ◽

Min Kyu Jung

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Design Quality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Study Country ◽

The Relationship ◽

Substantial Heterogeneity

Background: One of the most frequently used medications for treating gastrointestinal disorders is proton pump inhibitor (PPI), which reportedly has potential adverse effects. Although the relationship between the use of PPIs and the risk of pancreatic cancer has been extensively investigated, the results remain inconsistent. Hence, this meta-analysis aimed to evaluate such relationship. Methods: We searched for literature and subsequently included 10 studies (seven case–control and three cohort studies; 948,782 individuals). The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for pancreatic cancer were estimated using a random-effects model. We also conducted sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Results: The pooled OR of the meta-analysis was 1.698 (95% CI: 1.200–2.402, p = 0.003), with a substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 98.75%, p < 0.001). Even when studies were excluded one by one, the pooled OR remained statistically significant. According to the stratified subgroup analyses, PPI use, and pancreatic cancer incidence were positively associated, regardless of the study design, quality of study, country, and PPI type. Conclusion: PPI use may be associated with the increased risk of pancreatic cancer. Hence, caution is needed when using PPIs among patients with a high risk of pancreatic cancer.

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Nutrition and Survival After the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: A Review of the Evidence

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2002.03.008 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (15) ◽

pp. 3302-3316 ◽

Cited By ~ 268

Author(s):

Cheryl L. Rock ◽

Wendy Demark-Wahnefried

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Weight Control ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Disease Free Survival ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Nutritional Factors ◽

Medline Search ◽

The Relationship

PURPOSE: To review and summarize evidence from clinical and epidemiologic studies that have examined the relationship between nutritional factors, survival, and recurrence after the diagnosis of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant clinical and epidemiologic studies were identified through a MEDLINE search. References of identified reports also were used to identify additional published articles for critical review. RESULTS: Several nutritional factors modify the progression of disease and prognosis after the diagnosis of breast cancer. Overweight or obesity is associated with poorer prognosis in the majority of the studies that have examined this relationship. Treatment-related weight gain also may influence disease-free survival, reduce quality of life, and increase risk for comorbid conditions. Five of 12 studies that examined the relationship between dietary fat and survival found an inverse association, which was not evident on energy adjustment in most of these studies. The majority of the studies that examined intakes of vegetables or nutrients provided by vegetables and fruit found an inverse relationship with survival. Alcohol intake was not associated with survival in the majority of the studies that examined this relationship. CONCLUSION: Much remains to be learned about the role of nutritional factors in survival after the diagnosis of breast cancer. Healthy weight control with an emphasis on exercise to preserve or increase lean muscle mass and a diet that includes nutrient-rich vegetables can be recommended. Diets that have adequate vegetables, fruit, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods and that are low in saturated fat may help to lower overall disease risk in this population.

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The link between formal thought disorder and social functioning in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew P. Marggraf ◽

Paul H. Lysaker ◽

Michelle P. Salyers ◽

Kyle S. Minor

Keyword(s):

Social Functioning ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Thought Disorder ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Formal Thought Disorder ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Q Statistic ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background. Formal thought disorder (FTD) and social functioning impairments are core symptoms of schizophrenia. Although both have been observed for over a century, the strength of the relationship between FTD and social functioning remains unclear. Furthermore, a variety of methodological approaches have been used to assess these constructs—which may contribute to inconsistency in reported associations. This meta-analysis aimed to: (a) systematically test the relationship between FTD and social functioning and (b) determine if the methodology used to assess FTD and/or social functioning moderates this relationship. Methods. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a targeted literature search was conducted on studies examining the relationship between FTD and social functioning. Correlations were extracted and used to calculate weighted mean effect sizes using a random effects model. Results. A total of 1,478 participants across 13 unique studies were included in this meta-analysis. A small-medium inverse association (r = −0.23, p < 0.001) was observed between FTD and social functioning. Although heterogeneity analyses produced a significant Q-statistic (Q = 52.77, p = <0.001), the relationship between FTD and social functioning was not moderated by methodology, study quality, demographic variables, or clinical factors. Conclusions. Findings illustrate a negative association between FTD and social functioning. Despite differences in the methodological approach used and type of information assessed, measurement type and clinical factors did not moderate the relationship between FTD and social functioning. Future studies should explore whether other variables, such as cognitive processes (e.g., social cognition), may account for variability in associations between these constructs.

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