scholarly journals The Contribution of Preschool Meals to the Diet of Finnish Preschoolers

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liisa Korkalo ◽  
Kaija Nissinen ◽  
Essi Skaffari ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Reetta Lehto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Education And Care ◽  
The Mean

Preschool meals may influence the formation of children’s dietary habits and health. We assessed the contribution of preschool meals to the diet of Finnish children. We used food record data from the cross-sectional DAGIS survey and selected recording days which included all three meals (breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack) at preschool. We analyzed the diet of three- to four-year-olds (n = 324) and five- to six-year-olds (n = 233). Preschool meals accounted for 54% of the weekday’s energy intake in both age groups, and provided ≥60% of total fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamins D and E. More than 60% of fish dishes but only one third of total daily fresh fruit were consumed at preschool. The mean (SD) percentages of energy from protein and fat at preschool were 17% (3%) and 30% (7%) in the younger and 17% (3%) and 31% (6%) in the older age group, respectively. The mean proportions of energy from added sugar at preschool were below 5% in both age groups. On average, salt intake exceeded recommendations and 60% of salt came from preschool food. Tackling high salt intake should be a future goal of guidance for early childhood education and care food services.

scholarly journals Salt Content in Traditional and Nontraditional Breads in Yazd City, Iran, 2015-2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Mahdieh Namayandeh ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Lotfi ◽  
Vahid Jafari ◽  
Vali Dad ◽  
Javad Biabani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Standard Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yazd City

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of premature death in the 21st century. Dietary factors, such as high salt intake, are related to increased risk of CVDs{Akpolat, 2009 #21}. One of the main sources of dietary salt is bread. On the other hand, salt content is a quality indicator of bread. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the salt content in a variety of consumed breads in Yazd city, Iran. Methods: This study was a cross sectional research conducted in Yazd. The list of the bakeries obtained from their industry office. Ten percent of about 600 bakeries in Yazd (62 bakeries; 2 samples in each bakery) were selected using simple random sampling based on sample frame of ID number of each bakery. Finally, 9 types of bread included in this study. Sodium content was measured using flame photometer method. Salt content in breads was reported in each 100 g bread. Results: It was found that Nan-Taftoon Tanuri is the most popular bread among traditional breads in Yazd (45.2%). It had significantly more salt than Nan-Fantezi and Nan-Sangak (P < 0.02). Also, Nan-Sangak had the least salt among traditional breads. However, the mean salt of traditional breads was more than the standard level (1g salt/100g bread (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The current study showed that the mean salt content of traditional breads was significantly more than the standard level. Furthermore, Nan-TaftoonTanuri had significantly more salt than others, such as Nan-Fantezi and Nan-Sangak.

scholarly journals Differences in Danish children's diet quality on weekdays v. weekend days

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1653-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berit W Rothausen ◽  
Jeppe Matthiessen ◽  
Camilla Hoppe ◽  
Per B Brockhoff ◽  
Lene F Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Added Sugars

AbstractObjectiveTo compare differences in children's diet quality on weekdays (Monday–Thursday), Fridays and weekend days.DesignA representative cross-sectional study in which participants completed a 7 d pre-coded food record. Mean intakes of energy, macronutrients and selected food items (g/10 MJ) as well as energy density were compared between weekdays, Fridays and weekend days for each gender in three age groups (4–6, 7–10 and 11–14 years) using Tobit analysis to account for zero intakes.SettingThe Danish National Survey of Dietary Habits and Physical Activity 2003–2008.SubjectsChildren (n 784; 49·9 % boys) aged 4–14 years.ResultsFor both genders in all age groups (P < 0·05), energy intake was higher during weekends than on weekdays, and intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages and white bread were higher, whereas intake of rye bread was lower. This contributed to a higher percentage of energy from added sugars, a lower fibre content and a higher energy density on weekend days v. weekdays. In children aged 4–6 and 7–10 years, the diet on weekend days was also characterized by higher intakes of sweets and chocolate and lower intakes of fruit and vegetables. Overall, the diet on Fridays appeared as a mix of the diets on weekdays and weekend days.ConclusionsSignificant differences and distinct characteristic patterns were found in children's diet quality during weekdays, Fridays and weekend days. The present study suggests that in prevention of childhood overweight and obesity, more attention should be paid to the higher energy intake, especially from sugar-rich foods and beverages, on Fridays and weekend days.

Age related volume of cadaver-prostates in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group A ◽  
Key Words Prostate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Pathological changes in the prostate gland occur commonly with advancing age including inflammation, atrophy, hyperplasia and carcinoma and a change in volume is also evident. Estimation of volume of prostate may be useful in a variety of clinical settings. A cross-sectional descriptive study was designed to see the changes in volume of the prostate with advancing age and done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from August 2006 to June 2007. The study was performed on 70 post-mortem human prostates collected from the unclaimed dead bodies that were under examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka. The samples were divided into three age groups; group A (10-20 years), group B (21-40 years) and group C (41-70 years). Volume of the sample was measured by using the ellipsoid formula. The mean ± SD volume of prostate was 7.68 ± 3.64 cm3 in group A, 10.61 ± 3.99 cm3 in group B and 15.40 ± 6.31 cm3 in group C. Mean difference in volume between group A and group C, group B and group C were statistically significant (p<0.001). Statistically significant positive correlation was found between age and volume of prostate (r = + 0.579, p < 0.001). Key Words: Prostate; volume; Bangladeshi. DOI: 10.3329/imcj.v4i2.6501Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2010; 4(2): 74-77

scholarly journals Is it time to administer acellular pertussis vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in all areas using whole-cell pertussis vaccination schedule?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 251513552110158
Author(s):  
Abdoulreza Esteghamati ◽  
Shirin Sayyahfar ◽  
Yousef Alimohamadi ◽  
Sarvenaz Salahi ◽  
Mahmood Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Childbearing Age Women ◽  
The Mean

Background: Whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine administration is still advocated for children under 7 years of age in Iran. However, there is no recommendation for the administration of a dose of tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine to childbearing age/pregnant women in the Iranian vaccination program and it has increased the risk of infection through waning immunity during women’s childbearing age life. The study aimed to assess the levels of anti- Bordetella pertussis antibodies in childbearing age women of different ages in Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a total number of 360 childbearing age women divided into six age groups, with 5-year intervals from 15 to 45 years old, in 2018–2019. Then, the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against B. pertussis were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 16.0) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.01 ± 8.35 years (range 14–45 years). All the cases were IgM negative, but two IgA-positive individuals (in the age groups of 14–19 and 30–34 years) were reported. Overall, 239 (66.4%) cases were IgG positive. The mean age of IgG-positive cases was 30.37 ± 8.37 years. The IgG-positive cases were mostly in the age groups of 30–34 and 35–39 years [43 (71.1%)]. The odds of IgG positivity were 1.97. The highest odds of IgG positivity were seen in 30–34 and 35–39 years groups (2.52) and the lowest odds were seen in the 20–24 and 25–29 years groups (1.60). Using the Jonckheere–Terpstra test, the increasing trend of IgG changes in different age groups was not statistically significant (Tπ=5.78, p = 0.09). Conclusion: The infants of women of childbearing age might be prone to pertussis in countries using the wP vaccination schedule. It is suggested to administer a dose of Tdap to women before or during pregnancy to increase the immunity of their infants against this disease during early infancy.

Dietary intake among under-, normal- and overweight 9- and 15-year-old Estonian and Swedish schoolchildren

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Villa ◽  
Agneta Yngve ◽  
Eric Poortvliet ◽  
Andrej Grjibovski ◽  
Krystiine Liiv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Food Group ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Food ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the differences in macronutrient and food group contribution to total food and energy intakes between Estonian and Swedish under-, normal- and overweight schoolchildren, and to estimate the association between diet and body mass index (BMI).DesignCross-sectional comparison between Estonian and Swedish children and adolescents of different BMI groups.SettingTwenty-five schools from one region in Estonia and 42 in two regions of central Sweden.SubjectsIn total 2308 participants (1176 from Estonia and 1132 from Sweden), including 1141 children with a mean age of 9.6 ± 0.5 years and 1167 adolescents with a mean age of 15.5 ± 0.6 years.ResultsOverweight was more prevalent among younger girls in Sweden (17.0 vs. 8.9%) and underweight among girls of both age groups in Estonia (7.9 vs. 3.5% in younger and 10.5 vs. 5.1% in older age group of girls). Compared with that of normal- and underweight peers, the diet of overweight Estonian children contained more energy as fat (36.8 vs. 31.7%) but less as carbohydrates, and they consumed more milk and meat products. Absolute BMI of Estonian participants was associated positively with energy consumption from eggs and negatively with energy consumption from sweets and sugar. Swedish overweight adolescents tended to consume more energy from protein and milk products. Risk of being overweight was positively associated with total energy intake and energy from fish or meat products. In both countries the association of overweight and biological factors (pubertal maturation, parental BMI) was stronger than with diet.ConclusionThe finding that differences in dietary intake between under-, normal- and overweight schoolchildren are country-specific suggests that local dietary habits should be considered in intervention projects addressing overweight.

scholarly journals Modifiable factors of vitamin D status among a Brazilian osteoporotic population attended a public outpatient clinic

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 572-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Brasilio Rodrigues Camargo ◽  
llda Sizue Kunii ◽  
Lilian Fukusima Hayashi ◽  
Patrícia Muszkat ◽  
Catherine Gusman Anelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
The Mean

Objectives To evaluate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in Brazilian osteoporotic patients and the modifiable factors of vitamin D status in this population. Subjects and methods In a cross-sectional study, 363 community-dwelling patients who sought specialized medical care were evaluated between autumn and spring in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum levels of 25(OH)D and parathormone (PTH), biochemical and anthropometric measurements, and bone density scans were obtained. The group was assessed using two questionnaires: one questionnaire covered lifestyle and dietary habits, skin phototype, sun exposure, medical conditions, and levels of vitamin D supplementation (cholecalciferol); the other questionnaire assessed health-related quality-of-life. Logistic regression and a decision tree were used to assess the association between the variables and the adequacy of vitamin D status. Results The mean age of the overall sample was 67.9 ± 8.6 years, and the mean 25(OH)D concentration was 24.8 ng/mL. The prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status was high (73.3%), although 81.5% of the subjects were receiving cholecalciferol (mean dose of 8,169 IU/week). 25(OH)D was positively correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density and negatively correlated with PTH. In the multivariate analysis, the dose of cholecalciferol, engagement in physical activity and the month of the year (September) were associated with improvement in vitamin D status. Conclusions In this osteoporotic population, vitamin D supplementation of 7,000 IU/week is not enough to reach the desired 25(OH)D concentration (≥ 30 ng/mL). Engagement in physical activity and the month of the year are modifiable factors of the vitamin D status in this population.

scholarly journals Assessment of Sodium Knowledge and Urinary Sodium Excretion among Regions of the United Arab Emirates: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
Amjad H. Jarrar ◽  
Lily Stojanovska ◽  
Vasso Apostolopoulos ◽  
Leila Cheikh Ismail ◽  
Jack Feehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
High Salt Intake ◽  
The Impact

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes, are increasing worldwide and cause 65% to 78% of deaths in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). A random sample of 477 healthy adults were recruited in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in the period March–June 2015. Demographic, lifestyle, medical, anthropometric and sodium excretion data were collected. A questionnaire was used to measure knowledge, attitude and practice regarding salt. Mean sodium and potassium excretion were 2713.4 ± 713 mg/day and 1803 ± 618 mg/day, respectively, significantly higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for sodium (2300 mg/day) and lower for potassium (3150 mg/day). Two-thirds (67.4%) exceeded sodium guidelines, with males 2.6 times more likely to consume excessively. The majority of the participants add salt during cooking (82.5%) and whilst eating (66%), and 75% identified processed food as high source of salt. Most (69.1%) were aware that excessive salt could cause disease. Most of the UAE population consumes excess sodium and insufficient potassium, likely increasing the risk of NCDs. Despite most participants being aware that high salt intake is associated with adverse health outcomes, this did not translate into salt reduction action. Low-sodium, high-potassium dietary interventions such as the Mediterranean diet are vital in reducing the impact of NCDs in the UAE.

scholarly journals The nutritional status of nurses working shifts: A pilot study in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra NAVRUZ VARLI ◽  
Saniye BILICI
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Study Data ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Food Record ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Female Nurses

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was carried out to determine the nutritional status of shift-working female nurses at a university hospital in Ankara, Turkey. Methods: A total of 110 volunteer female nurses (n=56 control group, n=54 study group) were included in the study. A questionnaire with a three day food record collected the study data. Results: The mean daily energy intake of the study group was higher than that of the control group (1756±659 kcal versus 1694±431 kcal, p>0.05). While the carbohydrate intake (196.3±85.5 g versus 185.9±54.7 g) and fat intake (79.5±29.5 g versus 77.1±22.6 g) were higher in the study group, the protein intake was higher in the control group (59.4±17.6 g versus 57.6±21.6 g). The mean iron intake was statistically higher in the control group (10.6±2.9 mg versus 10.0±4.0 mg, p<0.05). Conclusion: To improve night shift workers' performance and nutritional status it is important to provide accessible, healthy, and quality food services.

scholarly journals Can Meals Outside Homes Impact Sodium Intake?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Pita Ruiz ◽  
Margareth Guimarães Lima ◽  
Lhais de Paula Barbosa Medina ◽  
Renata Luz Pinto ◽  
Marilisa Berti de Azevedo Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Study Participants

ABSTRACT Background The WHO currently recommends a daily sodium intake of 2 g and has established the goal of a 30% reduction in mean salt intake by 2025. Objective We sought to estimate sodium intake in study participants according to the locations of where they consumed meals and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and practices related to salt consumption. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2574 individuals aged ≥10 y who answered the 2015 Campinas-Brazil Nutrition Survey. Mean sodium intake was estimated using a 24-h recall log and associations with the independent variables were tested using generalized regression analysis stratified by age group. Results Sodium intake was higher in male participants as well as adolescents and adults who reported eating ≥1 meal outside the home (6.07% and 7.06% increase, respectively). Per meal, sodium was consumed more outside the home at breakfast, during an afternoon snack, and at dinner among adolescents. No significant differences were found in the analysis by type of meal among the adults and seniors. Conclusions Sodium intake exceeded the WHO recommendation in all age groups analyzed. Having ≥1 meal outside the home was associated with greater sodium intake among adolescents and adults. Measures to regulate the food industry and dietary/nutritional education strategies targeting consumers are important to reducing the sodium intake of the population.

scholarly journals Histomorphometric Study of the Glomeruli of the Kidney in Bangladeshi Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Fatema Johora ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Sunjida Shahriah ◽  
Rukshana Ahmed ◽  
Shamim Ara
Keyword(s):  
Left Kidney ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Histomorphometric Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Bangladeshi Population ◽  
The Right

Background: Controversies still prevail on glomerular changes of kidney whether due to normal aging or its association with diseases Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the variation in number and size of the glomeruli of kidney with increasing age in a Bangladeshi population based on autopsy. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was done in the Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, from July 2008 to June 2009, based on collection of 140 post mortem human kidneys collected from 70 unclaimed dead bodies from the morgue. All the samples were divided into three age-groups: 10-19 years, 20-39 years and 40-59 years. Histological slides were prepared by using routine Harris’ Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) stain. The number of glomeruli was measured by point counting technique, while the size (diameter) was measured by using ocular and stage micrometer. Results: The mean ± SE number of glomeruli per sq. mm found in the right and left kidney were 8.45±0.52 and 8.67±0.80 in group 10-19 years, 9.90±0.42 and 9.92±0.47 in 20-39 years, and 8.52±0.18 and 8.55±0.16 in 40-59 years respectively. Besides, the size (mean ± SE diameter) of glomeruli was found in the right and left kidney were 43.96±3.01ìm and 143.92±2.90ìm in group 10-19 years, 153.69±5.18ìm and 153.61±5.24ìm in 20-39 years, and 140.48±0.95ìm and 140.78±0.88ìm in 40-59 years respectively. Conclusion: No difference was found in number and size of glomeruli between right and left kidney in any group. Similarly, no difference was also evident among different age groups. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v9i1.22788 Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2014, June; 9(1): 11-16

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