Intakes and Food Sources of Dietary Fibre and Their Associations with Measures of Body Composition and Inflammation in UK Adults: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Airwave Health Monitoring Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the associations between intakes of fibre from the main food sources of fibre in the UK diet with body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (%BF), waist circumference (WC) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Participants enrolled in the Airwave Health Monitoring Study (2007–2012) with 7-day food records (n = 6898; 61% men) were included for cross-sectional analyses. General linear models evaluated associations across fifths of fibre intakes (total, vegetable, fruit, potato, whole grain and non-whole grain cereal) with BMI, %BF, WC and CRP. Fully adjusted analyses showed inverse linear trends across fifths of total fibre and fibre from fruit with all outcome measures (ptrend < 0.0001). Vegetable fibre intake showed an inverse association with WC (ptrend 0.0156) and CRP (ptrend 0.0005). Fibre from whole grain sources showed an inverse association with BMI (ptrend 0.0002), %BF (ptrend 0.0007) and WC (ptrend 0.0004). Non-whole grain cereal fibre showed an inverse association with BMI (Ptrend 0.0095). Direct associations observed between potato fibre intake and measures of body composition and inflammation were attenuated in fully adjusted analyses controlling for fried potato intake. Higher fibre intake has a beneficial association on body composition, however, there are differential associations based on the food source.

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Body composition and energy intake — skeletal muscle mass is the strongest predictor of food intake in obese adolescents: The HEARTY trial

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0479 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 611-617 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Jameason D. Cameron ◽

Ronald J. Sigal ◽

Glen P. Kenny ◽

Angela S. Alberga ◽

Denis Prud’homme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Obese Adolescents

There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. 304 post-pubertal adolescents (91 boys, 213 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, fat mass (FM), and percentage body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3 day food records. Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p < 0.005). After adjusting the model for age, sex, height, and physical activity, only FFM (β = 21.9, p = 0.007) and skeletal muscle mass (β = 25.8, p = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of EI. FFM and skeletal muscle mass also predicted dietary protein and fat intake (p < 0.05), but not carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, with skeletal muscle mass being the best predictor of EI, our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of the body’s lean tissue is related to absolute levels of EI in a sample of inactive adolescents with obesity.

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Association Between Body Composition with Pulmonary Function Tests

10.21203/rs.3.rs-112097/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hamidreza Pouragha ◽

Hosein Kazemi ◽

Gholamreza Pouryaghoub ◽

Ramin Mehrdad

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

The Other ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Why is bodyweight not a predictor of lung function, however, height, sex, race, and age are predictors of lung capacity and function. In this study, we want to investigate the association between body composition and pulmonary function. And as much as possible, answer the question of why bodyweight is not predictive of lung function.Method: This cross-sectional study was performed among 2967 employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) who participated in the TUMS Employees Cohort (TEC) study. The body composition of the participants was measured using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Anthropometric variables were also measured as a confounder. The pulmonary function of participants was assessed by a forced spirometry test.Results: The correlation of BIA values including fat-free mass and total body water with a pulmonary function such as FEV1, FVC, and FEF25-75 is higher than most anthropometric values such as weight, wrist circumference, and the waist to hip ratio. Also, in regression analysis, age and sex had an association with pulmonary function, but the weight did not show a significant relationship. On the other hand, fat-free mass and visceral fat were significantly associated with pulmonary function. One is direct and the other is inverse.Conclusion: The hypothesis that the results of this study created in the minds of the authors were that; The direct association of fat-free mass with pulmonary function may be ineffective by the inverse association of visceral fat with pulmonary function, leading to a lack of association between weight and pulmonary function.

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ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION, SOMATOTYPE AND SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS IN CHILEAN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS AT DIFFERENT SCHOOL LEVELS

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932017000025 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 53-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pablo A. Lizana ◽

Sofia González ◽

Lydia Lera ◽

Bárbara Leyton

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Body Composition ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Level ◽

Low Ses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Level 1 ◽

The Relationship

SummaryThis study examined the association between body composition, somatotype and socioeconomic status (SES) in Chilean children and adolescents by sex and school level (grade). The cross-sectional study was conducted on 1168 schoolchildren aged 6–18 years (572 males) from Valparaíso, Chile. Body composition, as assessed by percentage body fat (BF%) and somatotype, was evaluated using Ellis equations and the Heath–Carter method, respectively. The socioeconomic status of respondents was assessed using the ESOMAR survey. Obesity was defined as BF% ≥25 for boys and ≥30 for girls; ‘high endomorph’ somatotype was defined as a somatotype endomorph component (EC) of at least 5.5. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between high adiposity and SES, potential confounding factors and school level. In females, the results indicated that the groups with lower SES had higher EC. At the 1st(youngest) school level (1–4thgrades), males exhibited similar trends in their BF% and EC. High adiposity was associated with the female sex (BF%: OR=3.39; 95% CI 2.60, 4.41; high EC: OR=2.31; 95% CI 1.80, 2.98). In addition, low SES increased the risk of high adiposity compared with high SES (BF%: OR=2.25; 95% CI 1.40, 3.61; high EC: OR=2.19; 95% CI 1.37, 3.47). An association was observed between increased adiposity and lower SES, mainly in females, which indicates that females with low SES might be at greater risk of obesity.

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Whole grain intake compared with cereal fibre intake in association to CVD risk factors: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (UK)

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980019004221 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1392-1403 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eden M Barrett ◽

Birdem Amoutzopoulos ◽

Marijka J Batterham ◽

Sumantra Ray ◽

Eleanor J Beck

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Whole Grain ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fibre Intake ◽

Reactive Protein

AbstractObjective:To investigate how intakes of whole grains and cereal fibre were associated to risk factors for CVD in UK adults.Design:Cross-sectional analyses examined associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes and adiposity measurements, serum lipid concentrations, C-reactive protein, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, HbA1c, homocysteine and a combined CVD relative risk score.Setting:The National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme 2008–2014.Participants:A nationally representative sample of 2689 adults.Results:Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) of whole grain intake had lower waist–hip ratio (Q1 0·872; Q4 0·857; P = 0·04), HbA1c (Q1 5·66 %; Q4 5·47 %; P = 0·01) and homocysteine (Q1 9·95 µmol/l; Q4 8·76 µmol/l; P = 0·01) compared with participants in the lowest quartile (Q1), after adjusting for dietary and lifestyle factors, including cereal fibre intake. Whole grain intake was inversely associated with C-reactive protein using multivariate analysis (P = 0·02), but this was not significant after final adjustment for cereal fibre. Cereal fibre intake was also inversely associated with waist–hip ratio (P = 0·03) and homocysteine (P = 0·002) in multivariate analysis.Conclusions:Similar inverse associations between whole grain and cereal fibre intakes to CVD risk factors suggest the relevance of cereal fibre in the protective effects of whole grains. However, whole grain associations often remained significant after adjusting for cereal fibre intake, suggesting additional constituents may be relevant. Intervention studies are needed to compare cereal fibre intake from non-whole grain sources to whole grain intake.

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Plasma alkylresorcinol metabolites as potential biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye cereal fibre intakes in women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114509992315 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 103 (3) ◽

pp. 339-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre ◽

Anja Koskela ◽

Adile Samaletdin ◽

Herman Adlercreutz

Keyword(s):

Stepwise Regression ◽

Partial Correlation ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Sample Pretreatment ◽

Propanoic Acid ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Dihydroxybenzoic Acid ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fibre Intake ◽

The Relationship

It has been demonstrated that intact plasma alkylresorcinols (AR) and urinary AR metabolites could be used as biomarkers of whole-grain intake. Thereafter, we developed the method for the plasma AR metabolites, which is more convenient and requires less sample pretreatment than the analysis of intact plasma AR. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether AR metabolites measured in plasma, in the same population, could also be considered as useful biomarkers of cereal fibre. Fifty-six women were recruited in a cross-sectional and observational study. Dietary intake (5-d record) and plasma AR metabolites (3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, DHBA; 3-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-propanoic acid, DHPPA) were measured. The relationship between plasma AR metabolites and cereal fibre intake was examined using partial correlation and stepwise regression. Cereal fibre intake correlated significantly with plasma DHBA (r 0·411; P = 0·002) and DHPPA (r 0·463; P = 0·000) even after adjustment for BMI and age. Thus, plasma AR metabolites correlate with cereal fibre intake as noted with plasma intact AR and urinary AR metabolites. We observed that plasma DHPPA was the independent predictor of cereal fibre intake, explaining 18 % of the variance (adjusted r2 0·176; P = 0·002). In epidemiological screening, it might be easier to obtain and to collect plasma than urine samples. In addition, the plasma AR metabolites half-life seems longer than those of intact plasma AR, and their measurements are more convenient, and faster. Thus, sum of plasma AR metabolites and more specifically plasma DHPPA seems to be good and specific biomarkers of cereal fibre intake.

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Whole-grain intake of British young people aged 4–18 years

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20051557 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 825-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

C. W. Thane ◽

A. R. Jones ◽

A. M. Stephen ◽

C. J. Seal ◽

S. A. Jebb

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Good Health ◽

Food Sources ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head Of Household ◽

Dietary Records ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Uk

Inverse associations between whole-grain food consumption and risk of CVD, some cancers and type 2 diabetes have been reported. However, there are few reports of whole-grain intake, particularly among young people. The objective of the present study was to estimate whole-grain intake in a nationally representative sample of young people aged 4–18 years living in Great Britain. Whole-grain intake was estimated using 7d weighed dietary records from 1583 young people who participated in the cross-sectional National Diet and Nutrition Survey in 1997. Whole-grain intake was quantified from the consumption of all foods containing ≥10% whole-grain content. Median whole-grain intake was 7g/d (interquartile range 0–19g/d), with a corresponding mean of 13 (sd18) g/d. Intake was significantly lower among young people whose head of household had a manual occupation, but did not differ significantly by sex, age, region or season. There was no whole-grain intake for 27% of participants. The percentages for less than one and less than three 16g amounts of whole-grain intake per d were 70 and 94, respectively, while corresponding percentages based on 20g amounts were 76 and 97. Foods with <51% whole-grain content provided 28% of whole-grain intake overall, with a higher percentage in older adolescents. The main sources of whole-grain intake were breakfast cereals (56%) and bread (25%). The present study provides the first quantification of absolute whole-grain intake from all significant food sources in any representative age group in the UK. Although there is some debate regarding the quantity of whole grains required for good health, whole-grain intake among British young people is low.

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Impact of Dietary Fibre Intake on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Disease Risk Markers

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120005054 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Ezgi Ozen ◽

Elinor Read ◽

Rada Mihaylova ◽

Michelle Weech ◽

Julie Lovegrove ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Dietary Fibre ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Risk Markers ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fibre Intake ◽

Dietary Fibre Intake

AbstractBackground:Diets higher in fibre have been associated with beneficial effects on cardiometabolic disease (CMD) risk markers including obesity, blood pressure and cholesterol levels. However, the relationship between dietary fibre intake and body composition is unclear. Therefore, the objective of the study was to further assess the association between fibre intake, body composition and CMD risk markers.Materials and Methods:A single-centred cross-sectional study was conducted in 277 healthy adults (n = 107 men and n = 170) women with a mean age of 41 (SD 16) y and body mass index (BMI) of 23.9 (SD 3.8) kg/m2. Total body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and dietary intake was assessed with a 4-day weighed food diary.CMD risk markers included fasting lipids and glucose quantified using an ILAB 600 clinical chemistry analyser and clinic blood pressure measured using an Omron blood pressure monitor.Results:Average AOAC fibre intake in the cohort was 23.0 (SD 9) g/day, with higher intakes found in men (25.0 (SD 10.3) g/day) than women (21.9 (SD 7.8) g/day; P = 0.015). AOAC fibre intakes were significantly weakly correlated with weight (rs = 0.142), percentage body fat (rs = 0.193), bone mineral density (rs = 0.156) and fat free mass (rs = 0.257; P ≤ 0.009), and inversely correlated with fasting total cholesterol (rs = -0.124), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (rs = 0.144) and total to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (rs = -0.129; P ≤ 0.042). After stratifying data according to quartiles of AOAC fibre intake and adjusting for covariates (including age, sex, BMI, weight, energy expended per day through physical activity and total energy intake per day) total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in quartiles (Q)3 (21.0–29.5 g/d) and Q4 (30–63.5 g/d) than Q1 (3.0–18.8 g/d) and Q2 (19.3–20.9 g/d). Systolic blood pressure was also lower in Q4 than Q1 and Q2 (P < 0.05). Anthropometric and body composition measures were not found to be different across quartiles of increasing AOAC fibre intake.Discussion:Findings from this cross-sectional study have revealed daily fibre consumption greater than 21 g to be associated with lower fasting total and LDL cholesterol, and intakes ≥ 30 g also associated with lower systolic blood pressure. With only 9% of UK adults meeting the current recommended intake, raising public awareness of the importance of dietary fibre is an important strategy for CMD prevention.

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Impact of orange juice consumption on macronutrient and energy intakes and body composition in the US population

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012000742 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 2220-2227 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Beate Lloyd ◽

Meng Yang ◽

Catherine G Davis ◽

Sang-Gil Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Fat ◽

Orange Juice ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Us

AbstractObjectiveThe present study evaluated the contribution of 100 % orange juice (OJ) consumption to the intakes of macronutrients and energy and its impact on body composition.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted. The main exposure was OJ consumption based on two non-consecutive 24 h diet recalls. Macronutrient and energy intakes and body composition parameters were outcome measures. All statistical analyses were carried out using SAS and SUDAAN statistical software packages to allow for multistage sample designs.SettingThe US population and its subgroups.SubjectsThe US population aged ≥4 years (n 13 971) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2006, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics.ResultsIn this US population, OJ consumers had lower BMI and healthier lifestyle behaviours (including lower alcohol consumption and smoking as well as higher exercise level) than non-consumers (P < 0·05). After adjusting for covariates, OJ consumers had higher daily intakes of carbohydrate, total sugar, total fat and energy than non-consumers (P < 0·01). However, these linear trends still remained even after OJ was removed from the food list of items consumed. Adult OJ consumers had lower BMI, waist circumference and percentage body fat than non-consumers (P < 0·01), as well as lower odds ratio for overweight and obesity (P < 0·01). These effects were not seen in children and adolescents, where there was no significant difference in BMI, waist circumference and percentage body fat in OJ consumers compared with non-consumers.ConclusionsOJ consumption was associated with healthier body composition in adults; while there were no significant associations between OJ consumption and body composition in children and adolescents.

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Handgrip Strength and Its Relationship with White Blood Cell Count in U.S. Adolescents

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10090884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 884

Author(s):

José Francisco López-Gil ◽

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽

Mikel Izquierdo ◽

Antonio García-Hermoso

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Immune System ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Muscular Fitness ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Wbc Count ◽

The Relationship

Background: The role of muscular fitness (as a protecting factor for an optimal immune system) and WBC count remains unclear. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the relationship between the total count of WBC and groups based on handgrip strength and body composition. The aim of this study was to elucidate the relationship between handgrip strength and WBC count in a nationally representative sample of adolescents from the U.S. Methods: We used data from the NHANES cross-sectional study (waves 2011 to 2014). The final analysis included 917 adolescents from 12–17 years old (51.0% boys). Normalized handgrip strength (kg) (NHS) was relativized by body composition parameters (body weight [NHSw], total body fat [NHSf], and trunk fat [NHSt]) assessed with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: An inverse association was found between total WBC count and all assessments of low NHS in both sexes (p < 0.05). Both boys and girls with low NHS had higher WBC counts in all estimations of NHS than those with high NHS (p < 0.05 for all). All estimations of low NHS showed significant differences with those with intermediate NHS (only in girls) (p < 0.05 for all). Girls with intermediate NHSt exhibited higher WBC count than those with high NHSt (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that greater levels of NHS are linked to lower total WBC counts. From a public health perspective, our findings are clinically significant and emphasize the relevance of improving muscular fitness during adolescence since it may contribute to boosting the immune system among adolescents.

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Quantifying Diet Intake and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk in the UK Airwave Health Monitoring Study: A Data-Driven Approach

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12041170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 1170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Larissa C. Hunt ◽

Hassan S. Dashti ◽

Queenie Chan ◽

Rachel Gibson ◽

Céline Vetter

Keyword(s):

Health Monitoring ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Data Driven ◽

Nutritional Epidemiology ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Likelihood ◽

Monitoring Study ◽

Data Driven Approach

We used data-driven approaches to identify independent diet exposures among 45 candidate variables, for which we then probed cross-sectional associations with cardiometabolic risk (CMR). We derived average daily caloric intake and macronutrient composition, daily meal frequencies, and irregularity of energy and macronutrient intake from 7-day food diaries in the Airwave Health Monitoring Study participants (N = 8090). We used K-means and hierarchical clustering to identify non-redundant diet exposures with representative exposures for each cluster chosen by silhouette value. We then used multi-variable adjusted logistic regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for CMR (≥3 criteria: dyslipidemia, hypertension, central adiposity, inflammation and impaired glucose control) across diet exposure quartiles. We identified four clusters: i) fat intake, ii) carbohydrate intake, iii) protein intake and intake regularity, and iv) meal frequencies and energy intake. Of these clusters, higher carbohydrate intake was associated with lower likelihood of CMR (PR = 0.89, 95%CI = 0.81–0.98; ptrend = 0.02), as was higher fiber intake (PR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.68–0.85; ptrend < 0.001). Higher meal frequency was also associated with lower likelihood of CMR (PR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.68–0.85; ptrend < 0.001). Our results highlight a novel, data-driven approach to select non-redundant, minimally collinear, primary exposures across a host of potentially relevant exposures (including diet composition, temporal distribution, and regularity), as often encountered in nutritional epidemiology.

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