scholarly journals Caffeine Supplementation Improves Anaerobic Performance and Neuromuscular Efficiency and Fatigue in Olympic-Level Boxers

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro F. San Juan ◽  
Álvaro López-Samanes ◽  
Pablo Jodra ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Javier Rueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind

Background: this study examined the effects of caffeine supplementation on anaerobic performance, neuromuscular efficiency and upper and lower extremities fatigue in Olympic-level boxers. Methods: Eight male athletes, members of the Spanish National Olympic Team, were enrolled in the study. In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, crossover design, the athletes completed 2 test sessions after the intake of caffeine (6 mg·kg−1) or placebo. Sessions involved initial measures of lactate, handgrip and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance, followed by a 30-seconds Wingate test, and then final measures of the previous variables. During the sessions, electromiography (EMG) data were recorded on the gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius lateral head and tibialis anterior. Results: caffeine enhanced peak power (6.27%, p < 0.01; Effect Size (ES) = 1.26), mean power (5.21%; p < 0.01; ES = 1.29) and reduced the time needed to reach peak power (−9.91%, p < 0.01; ES = 0.58) in the Wingate test, improved jump height in the CMJ (+2.4 cm, p < 0.01), and improved neuromuscular efficiency at peak power in the vastus lateralis (ES = 1.01) and gluteus maximus (ES = 0.89), and mean power in the vastus lateralis (ES = 0.95) and tibialis anterior (ES = 0.83). Conclusions: in these Olympic-level boxers, caffeine supplementation improved anaerobic performance without affecting EMG activity and fatigue levels in the lower limbs. Further benefits observed were enhanced neuromuscular efficiency in some muscles and improved reaction speed.

Effects of Different Doses of Caffeine on Anaerobic Exercise in Boys

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Turley ◽  
Paola A. Eusse ◽  
Myles M. Thomas ◽  
Jeremy R. Townsend ◽  
Aaron B. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Grip Strength ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Anaerobic Exercise ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Handgrip Test ◽  
Different Doses

This study investigated effects of low (1 mg·kg−1), moderate (3 mg·kg−1) and high (5 mg·kg−1) doses of caffeine on anaerobic performance in boys. Twenty-six 8- to 10-year-old boys participated in a double-blind, crossover, counter-balanced study. Boys received in random order a placebo (PL) or anhydrous caffeine: 1 (CAF-1), 3 (CAF-3), or 5 (CAF-5) mg caffeine·kg−1 body mass in cherry flavored Sprite. Sixty minutes following consumption boys performed a static handgrip test and then a 30-s Wingate test. Maximal grip strength (21.5 ± 4.9 & 21.6 ± 4.7 vs. 20.4 ± 4.0 kg) was significantly higher in CAF-5 & CAF-3 vs PL, respectively. Absolute and relative peak power (287 ± 72 vs 281 ± 69 W & 8.0 ± 0.9 vs 7.8 ± 1.0 W·kg−1) were significantly higher in CAF-3 vs PL, respectively. Mean power (153 ± 48 vs 146 ± 43 W) was significantly higher in CAF-5 vs PL, respectively. Peak Wingate HR was significantly higher (189 ± 8 vs 185 ± 9 beats·min−1) in CAF-5 vs PL, respectively. These findings suggest that in boys CAF-1 did not affect performance. During the Wingate test CAF-3 resulted in higher peak power while CAF-5 increased mean power. The significant increase in peak HR following the Wingate test is likely related to greater mean power generated during CAF-5.

scholarly journals Lower limbs anaerobic performance men with intellectual disabilities

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Judit Lencse-Mucha ◽  
Bartosz Molik ◽  
Wojciech Petelicki ◽  
Jolanta Marszałek ◽  
Kalina Kaźmierska-Kowalewska
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Level Of Motivation

AbstractIntroduction: Persons with intellectual disabilities are faced with many obstacles in performing physical activity. The trigger may be coming from genetics, environmental factors (eg. financial), as well as psychological related, inter alia, the level of motivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anaerobic performance of the lower limbs of men with intellectual disabilities. Another aim of this study was to compare the anaerobic performance of physically active and inactive men with intellectual disabilities.Material and methods: The participants of the study were 22 physically active men and 9 physically inactive man with intellectual disability. All participants performed a 30-second Wingate test twice. The following parameters were evaluated the mean power (MP), the relative mean power (rMP), the maximum power (PP), the relative maximum power (rPP) and fatigue index (FI). We compared the results obtained in both tests 30-second to examine the reliability and the values obtained in the test between active and inactive persons .Results: The results showed significant correlations between all power parameters studied, except for the fatigue index. All parameters of physically active group with intellectual disabilities achieved significantly better results relative then inactive persons.Conclusions: The reliability of 30-second Wingate test for persons with intellectual disabilities were confirmed. Also confirmed a higher power level inactive men with intellectual disabilities in relation to the untrained men.

Dietary Supplementation and Improved Anaerobic Performance

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Maresh ◽  
Lawrence E. Armstrong ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Daniel R. Hannon ◽  
Catherine L. V. Gabaree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Daily Dose

In the present study, the effects of an increased daily dose of a dietary supplement (ATP-E, 0.2 g ··) on Wingate test performance were examined in 12 men (21 ± 1.6 years) prior to and following 14 days of supplement and placebo ingestion. A double-blind and counterbalanced design was used. Results revealed higher (p< .007) preexercise blood ATP (95.4 ± 10.5 μmol ·) for the entire group following 14 days of ATP-E ingestion compared to placebo measures (87.6 ± 10.9 μmol ·). Mean power (667 ± 73 W) was higher (p< .008) after 14 days of ATP-E ingestion versus placebo (619 ± 67 W). Peak plasma lactate was lower (p< .07) after 14 days of ATP-E ingestion (14.9 ± 2.8 mmol ·) compared to placebo (16.3 ± 1.6 mmol ·). These data suggested that the improvement in 30-s Wingate test performance in this group may be related to the increased dose of ATP-E.

Lunges activate the gluteus maximus muscles more than back squats when both exercises are standardized

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ramalho Aniceto ◽  
André Luiz Torres Pirauá ◽  
Leonardo da Silva Leandro ◽  
Hélen Cristina Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Diego Mesquita Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Trunk Inclination

BACKGROUND: Squats are considered one of the main exercises for the lower limbs and are used in resistance training under different contexts, including rehabilitation and sports performance. OBJECTIVE: To compare the EMG activity of different muscles in back squat and lunge exercises in trained women. METHODS: Ten healthy women experienced in resistance training performed back squat and lunge exercises on a Smith machine (total work: 70% of 1RM, 1 set, 10 repetitions and 2-s/2-s of execution speed) with an interval of 20-min between exercises. Both exercises were standardized in relation to the trunk inclination and were performed with an erect trunk parallel to the cursor of the guided bar. RESULTS: The EMG activity of the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), and gluteus maximus (GM) were analyzed. There were no significant differences in the EMG activity of the VM, VL, and BF muscles between the back squat and lunge exercises (P> 0.05); however, GM activation was greater during the lunge exercise (effect size = 1.15; P= 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Lunges were more effective in recruiting the GM when compared to back squats. However, both exercises can be recommended when the goal is knee extensor and flexor muscle activity.

A Comparison of Asynchronous and Synchronous Arm Cranking During the Wingate Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale I. Lovell ◽  
Dale Mason ◽  
Elias Delphinus ◽  
Chris McLellan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Arm Cranking ◽  
Minimum Power ◽  
Time To Peak

Purpose:The aim of this study was to compare asynchronous (AS Y) arm cranking (cranks at 180° relative to each other) with synchronous (SYN) arm cranking (parallel crank setting) during the 30 s Wingate anaerobic test.Methods:Thirty-two physically active men (aged 22.1 ± 2.4 y) completed two Wingate tests (one ASY and one SYN) separated by 4 d in a randomized counterbalanced order. The Wingate tests were completed on a modified electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. Performance measures assessed during the two tests include peak power, mean power, minimum power, time to peak power, rate to fatigue and maximum cadence (RPMmax). Blood lactate concentration was also measured before and 5 min after the tests.Results:Peak and mean power (both absolute and relative to body weight) during SYN arm cranking were significantly (p < 0.001) less than during ASY arm cranking. Rate to fatigue and RPMmax were also significantly (p = 0.012) lower during SYN arm cranking compared with ASY arm cranking. No significant difference was found between test conditions for minimum power, time to peak power or blood lactate concentration.Conclusions:These findings demonstrate that ASY arm cranking results in higher peak and mean anaerobic power compared with SYN arm cranking during the Wingate test. Therefore, an ASY arm crank configuration should be used to assess anaerobic power in most individuals although specific population groups may require further testing to determine which crank configuration is most suitable for the Wingate test.

scholarly journals Vitamin and mineral supplementation effect on muscular activity and cycling efficiency in master athletes

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Louis ◽  
Christophe Hausswirth ◽  
François Bieuzen ◽  
Jeanick Brisswalter
Keyword(s):  
Slow Component ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Cycling Efficiency ◽  
Fatiguing Exercise

The influence of vitamin and mineral complex supplementation on muscular activity and cycling efficiency was examined in elderly endurance-trained master athletes during a heavy cycling trial. Master athletes were randomly assigned in a double-blind process to 1 of 2 treatment groups: antioxidant supplementation (n = 8: As group) or placebo (n = 8: Pl group) for 21 days. After that time, each subject had to perform a 10-min session of cycling on a cycloergometer at a heavy constant intensity. Twenty-four to 48 h after this session, subjects performed an isometric maximal voluntary contraction before and immediately after a fatiguing strength training (leg press exercise) and the same 10-min cycling test after fatigue. Isometric maximal voluntary force (MVF) of knee extensors was assessed before and after fatigue. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the vastus medialis, the vastus lateralis (VL), and the biceps femoris was recorded with surface EMG. The knee-extensors MVF after the fatiguing exercise was reduced in similar proportions for both groups (As, –10.9%; Pl, –11.3%, p < 0.05). This MVF loss was associated with a significant reduction in EMG frequency parameters for both groups, with a lower decrease for the As group. Muscular activity and cycling efficiency during the cycling bouts were affected by the treatment. Cycling efficiency decreased significantly and the oxygen uptake slow component was higher after the fatiguing exercise for both groups. Furthermore, a decrease in cycling efficiency was associated with an increase in VL activity. However, these changes were significantly lower for the As group. The results of the present study indicate an overall positive effect of vitamin and mineral complex supplementation on cycling efficiency after fatigue, in the endurance-trained elderly.

scholarly journals Does Post-Activation Potentiation Protocols affect Anaerobic Performance in women Taolu Wushu Athletes?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Afonso ◽  
Hengameh Moradian ◽  
Rasoul Eslami ◽  
Alexandre Martins ◽  
Abdolhossein Parnow
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
Rest Time ◽  
Lactate Levels

Abstract Introduction: Post-activation potentiation has an influence on short duration and high intensity function. This study aimed to answer this question whether post-activation potentiation protocol in different models has effect on anaerobic performance in women Wushu athletes. Methods: Women elite Taolu Wushu athletes participated in current crossover design study. (i) specific Wushu WU (Wushu WU); (ii) Strength-based WU (StreWU); and (iii) Speed-based WU (SpeWU) were performed by Wushu athletes in three inconsecutive days separated by 48 h. Five minutes after each WU protocols, Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) was performed. Heart rate, immediately, and blood lactate were measured for 4 times: before WU protocols, immediately after WU protocols, before RAST, immediately after RAST.Results: Data analysis revealed significant differences in 4 time points of lactate levels (p=0.001; d=1.71), although no significant difference among protocols was observed. Values of variables obtained from RAST showed that StreWU had a significant impact on minimum power (p<0.05; d=-0.795) comparing to WushuWU and on fatigue index comparing to SpeWU (p<0.05; d=-0.799). No significant differences were found among the WU protocols for peak power and mean power.Conclusion: All WU protocols had mostly the same effect, and PAP was not very effective. Possibly, the WU protocols generated too much fatigue, due to the short-term rest time. However, longer intervals would likely enter the realm of post-activation performance enhancement, which is distinct from PAP.

Muscle coordination in cycling: effect of surface incline and posture

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Graham E. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Muscle Coordination

The purpose of the present study was to examine the neuromuscular modifications of cyclists to changes in grade and posture. Eight subjects were tested on a computerized ergometer under three conditions with the same work rate (250 W): pedaling on the level while seated, 8% uphill while seated, and 8% uphill while standing (ST). High-speed video was taken in conjunction with surface electromyography (EMG) of six lower extremity muscles. Results showed that rectus femoris, gluteus maximus (GM), and tibialis anterior had greater EMG magnitude in the ST condition. GM, rectus femoris, and the vastus lateralis demonstrated activity over a greater portion of the crank cycle in the ST condition. The muscle activities of gastrocnemius and biceps femoris did not exhibit profound differences among conditions. Overall, the change of cycling grade alone from 0 to 8% did not induce a significant change in neuromuscular coordination. However, the postural change from seated to ST pedaling at 8% uphill grade was accompanied by increased and/or prolonged muscle activity of hip and knee extensors. The observed EMG activity patterns were discussed with respect to lower extremity joint moments. Monoarticular extensor muscles (GM, vastus lateralis) demonstrated greater modifications in activity patterns with the change in posture compared with their biarticular counterparts. Furthermore, muscle coordination among antagonist pairs of mono- and biarticular muscles was altered in the ST condition; this finding provides support for the notion that muscles within these antagonist pairs have different functions.

Preexercise Carbohydrate Consumption and Repeated Anaerobic Performance in Pre- and Early-Pubertal Boys

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea D. Marjerrison ◽  
Jonah D. Lee ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Carbohydrate Consumption ◽  
Pubertal Boys ◽  
Anaerobic Test ◽  
Placebo Drink ◽  
Over Time

This study examined the effect of pre exercise carbohydrate (CHO) feeding on performance on a Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) in 11 boys (10.2 ± 1.3 y old). Four WAnTs with 2 min recovery were performed 30 min after consuming a CHO (1 g CHO/kg) or placebo drink. Peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) were similar between trials. PP ranged from 241.1 ± 82.2 to 223.1 ± 57.9 W with carbohydrate and from 238.2 ± 76.1 to 223.4 ± 52.3 W with placebo. MP ranged from 176.3 ± 58.4 to 151.1 ± 37.5 W with carbohydrate versus 178.0 ± 45.8 to 159.1 ± 32.7 W with placebo. Pre exercise glucose was significantly higher in CHO versus placebo (7.0 ± 1.0 vs. 5.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L), but post exercise values were not different. Blood lactate was similar between trials but increased over time. This study found that the ingestion of a CHO solution before exercise did not influence power output during repeated performances of the WAnT.

N-acetylcysteine alters substrate metabolism during high-intensity cycle exercise in well-trained humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1217-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Trewin ◽  
Aaron C. Petersen ◽  
Francois Billaut ◽  
Leon R. McQuade ◽  
Bernie V. McInerney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Substrate Metabolism

We investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on metabolism during fixed work rate high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and self-paced 10-min time-trial (TT10) performance. Nine well-trained male cyclists (V̇O2peak, 69.4 ± 5.8 mL·kg−1·min−1; peak power output (PPO), 385 ± 43 W; mean ± SD) participated in a double-blind, repeated-measures, randomised crossover trial. Two trials (NAC supplementation and placebo) were performed 7 days apart consisting of 6 × 5 min HIIE bouts at 82% PPO (316 ± 40 W) separated by 1 min at 100 W, and then after 2 min of recovery at 100 W, TT10 was performed. Expired gases, venous blood, and electromyographic (EMG) data were collected. NAC did not influence blood glutathione but decreased lipid peroxidation compared with the placebo (P < 0.05). Fat oxidation was elevated with NAC compared with the placebo during HIIE bouts 5 and 6 (9.9 ± 8.9 vs. 3.9 ± 4.8 μmol·kg−1·min−1; P < 0.05), as was blood glucose throughout HIIE (4.3 ± 0.6 vs. 3.8 ± 0.6 mmol·L−1; P < 0.05). Blood lactate was lower with NAC after TT10 (3.3 ± 1.3 vs. 4.2 ± 1.3 mmol·L−1; P < 0.05). Median EMG frequency of the vastus lateralis was lower with NAC during HIIE (79 ± 10 vs. 85 ± 10 Hz; P < 0.05), but not TT10 (82 ± 11 Hz). Finally, NAC decreased mean power output 4.9% ± 6.6% (effect size = –0.3 ± 0.4, mean ± 90% CI) during TT10 (305 ± 57 W vs. 319 ± 45 W). These data suggest that NAC alters substrate metabolism and muscle fibre type recruitment during HIIE, which is detrimental to time-trial performance.

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