Breast Milk Iodine Concentration Is Associated with Infant Growth, Independent of Maternal Weight

In breastfed infants, human milk provides the primary source of iodine to meet demands during this vulnerable period of growth and development. Iodine is a key micronutrient that plays an essential role in hormone synthesis. Despite the importance of iodine, there is limited understanding of the maternal factors that influence milk iodine content and how milk iodine intake during infancy is related to postnatal growth. We examined breast milk samples from near 2 weeks and 2 months post-partum in a mother-infant dyad cohort of mothers with pre-pregnancy weight status defined by body mass index (BMI). Normal (NW, BMI < 25.0 kg/m2) is compared to overweight/obesity (OW/OB, BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). The milk iodine concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We evaluated the associations between iodine content at 2 weeks and infant anthropometrics over the first year of life using multivariable linear mixed modeling. Iodine concentrations generally decreased from 2 weeks to 2 months. We observed no significant difference in iodine based on maternal weight. A higher iodine concentration at 2 weeks was associated with a larger increase in infant weight-for-age and weight-for-length Z-score change per month from 2 weeks to 1 year. This pilot study shows that early iodine intake may influence infant growth trajectory independent of maternal pre-pregnancy weight status.

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PENGARUH TERAPI AKUPRESUR TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI ASI PADA IBU POST PARTUM DI PKU MUHAMADIYAH BANTUL

Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing ◽

10.24843/coping.2020.v08.i04.p10 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 416

Author(s):

Anita Liliana ◽

Melania Wahyuningsih

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Milk Production ◽

Post Partum ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Breast Milk Production ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Increase Milk Production ◽

Postpartum Mothers

Abstract Adequacy of milk production in the newborns will affect the success of exclusive breastfeeding. Not all postpartum mothers are able to increase milk production in the postpartum period. Acupressure at the meridian points is one way to increase milk production in postpartum mothers. This study aims to determine the effect of acupressure therapy on increasing breast milk production in postpartum mothers at PKU Muhamadiyah Bantul. This study was a quantitative study a quasi-experimental research design with pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group. The number of respondents in each group was 17 people. The treatment given was acupressure at the meridian points for 5 minutes on days 2 and 3of poatpartum. Breastfeeding adequacy was assessed before treatment and on day 4 postpartum. Data were analyzed by Mc Nemar analysis. The results showed that there was a significant difference in breast milk production before and after acupressure with p value of 0.000 (p value <0.05). There was a significant difference in breast milk production in the control group before and after being given the breastfeeding technique leaflet p value 0.001 (p value <0.05). Conclusion: There is no significant difference in breast milk production after being given acupressure and after being given leaflets about breastfeeding techniques at PKU Muhamadiyah Bantul p value 0.100 (p value> 0.05). Keywords: acupressure, breast milk production, postpartum

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Maternal pre-pregnancy weight status modifies the influence of PUFAs and inflammatory biomarkers in breastmilk on infant growth

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0217085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. e0217085 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Henry Nuss ◽

Abby Altazan ◽

Jovanny Zabaleta ◽

Melinda Sothern ◽

Leanne Redman

Keyword(s):

Weight Status ◽

Infant Growth ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Pregnancy Weight

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Human Milk Oligosaccharide, Phospholipid, and Ganglioside Concentrations in Breast Milk from United Arab Emirates Mothers: Results from the MISC Cohort

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102400 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2400 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paul McJarrow ◽

Hadia Radwan ◽

Lin Ma ◽

Alastair K.H. MacGibbon ◽

Mona Hashim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Human Milk ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

High Performance ◽

Post Partum ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Mature Milk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Individual

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), phospholipids (PLs), and gangliosides (GAs) are components of human breast milk that play important roles in the development of the rapidly growing infant. The differences in these components in human milk from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were studied in a cross-sectional trial. High-performance liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry was used to determine HMO, PL, and GA concentrations in transitional (5–15 days) and mature (at 6 months post-partum) breast milk of mothers of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results showed that the average HMO (12 species), PL (7 species), and GA (2 species) concentrations quantified in the UAE mothers’ transitional milk samples were (in mg/L) 8204 ± 2389, 269 ± 89, and 21.18 ± 11.46, respectively, while in mature milk, the respective concentrations were (in mg/L) 3905 ± 1466, 220 ± 85, and 20.18 ± 9.75. The individual HMO concentrations measured in this study were all significantly higher in transitional milk than in mature milk, except for 3 fucosyllactose, which was higher in mature milk. In this study, secretor and non-secretor phenotype mothers showed no significant difference in the total HMO concentration. For the PL and GA components, changes in the individual PL and GA species distribution was observed between transitional milk and mature milk. However, the changes were within the ranges found in human milk from other regions.

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Assessment of the iodine nutritional status among Chinese school-aged children

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-19-0568 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 379-386

Author(s):

Ning Yao ◽

Chunbei Zhou ◽

Jun Xie ◽

Xinshu Li ◽

Qianru Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Thyroid Volume ◽

Iodine Content ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Iodized Salt ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Goiter Prevalence

Objective The remarkable success of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) elimination in China has been achieved through a mandatory universal salt iodization (USI) program. The study aims to estimate the relationship between urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and iodine content in edible salt to assess the current iodine nutritional status of school aged children. Methods A total of 5565 students from 26 of 39 districts/counties in Chongqing participated in the study, UIC and iodine content in table salt were measured. Thyroid volumes of 3311 students were examined by ultrasound and goiter prevalence was calculated. Results The overall median UIC of students was 222 μg/L (IQR: 150-313 μg/L). Median UIC was significantly different among groups with non-iodized salt (iodine content <5 mg/kg), inadequately iodized salt (between 5 and 21 mg/kg), adequately iodized (between 21 and 39 mg/kg) and excessively iodized (>39 mg/kg) salt (P < 0.01). The total goiter rate was 1.9% (60/3111) and 6.0% (186/3111) according to Chinese national and WHO reference values, respectively. Thyroid volume and goiter prevalence were not different within the three iodine nutritional status groups (insufficient, adequate and excessive, P > 0.05). Conclusions The efficient implementation of current USI program is able to reduce the goiter prevalence in Chongqing as a low incidence of goiter in school aged children is observed in this study. The widened UIC range of 100–299 μg/L indicating sufficient iodine intake is considered safe with a slim chance of causing goiter or thyroid dysfunction. Further researches were needed to evaluate the applicability of WHO reference in goiter diagnose in Chongqing or identifying more accurate criteria of normal thyroid volume of local students in the future.

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1309Breastfeeding and weight retention in women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM): LINDA-Brasil Cohort

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Michele Drehmer ◽

Kadhija Cherubini ◽

Alvaro Vigo ◽

Maria Inês Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Post Partum ◽

National Health System ◽

Weight Retention ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Multicentre Cohort Study ◽

Postpartum Weight ◽

Telephone Calls ◽

One Year ◽

Pregnancy Weight

Abstract Background Breastfeeding seems to be inversely related to postpartum weight retention (PPWR), but this relationship is unclear in women with GDM. We aimed to describe the association between breastfeeding and PPWR at 1 year postpartum in women with GDM. Methods Multicentre cohort study of 524 women with GDM enrolled in prenatal clinics of the Brazilian National Health System and followed by telephone up to one year postpartum. Socio-demographics and pre-gestational weight were obtained during recruitment. Breastfeeding and post-partum maternal weight through telephone calls. PPWR was defined as 1-year postpartum weight minus pre-pregnancy weight and categorized as above and below the 80th sample percentile of retention. Breastfeeding was categorized as duration greater or less than 6 months. Adjusted Poisson regression was performed to assess relative risks (RR). Results Most women were 30 to 39 years old (50.6%), multiparous (71.0%), 39.5% completed high school, 60.1% were non-white (60.1%). Mean pre-gestational BMI was 30.42 (± 6.7) kg/m² and the mean weight gain during pregnancy was 9.5 (± 7.1) kg. After adjustments for previous variables, breastfeeding for 6 months or more reduced by 35% (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.47; 0.90, p < 0.01) the incidence of 1-year PPWR up to 80th percentile (≥7Kg) compared to breastfeeding less than 6 months. Conclusions Breastfeeding up to 6 months might be encouraged in women with GDM to help preventing higher levels of 1-year PPWR. Key messages Breastfeeding up to 6 months was associated with less PPWR at 1 year after delivery in women with GDM.

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Associations of Maternal Weight Status Before, During, and After Pregnancy with Inflammatory Markers in Breast Milk

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.22278 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1659-1660

Author(s):

Kara M. Whitaker ◽

Regina C. Marino ◽

Jacob L. Haapala ◽

Laurie Foster ◽

Katy D. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Weight Status ◽

Maternal Weight

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NICOTINE CONSUMPTION BEFORE AND DURING PREGNANCY AFFECTS NOT ONLY NEWBORN SIZE BUT ALSO BIRTH MODUS

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932003001755 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 175-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

SYLVIA KIRCHENGAST ◽

BEDA HARTMANN

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Weight Status ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Low Weight ◽

Term Births ◽

Nicotine Consumption ◽

Pregnancy Weight ◽

Newborn Size ◽

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

The associations between cigarette smoking before and during pregnancy and maternal body size (pre-pregnancy weight status, end of pregnancy weight status, weight gain during pregnancy) and newborn size (birth weight, length, head circumference, arcomial circumference), as well as birth modus, were tested in 7803 single full-term births in Vienna. Nicotine consumption before and during pregnancy was found to be associated with smaller and lighter newborns, although maternal weight status and weight gain during pregnancy was signi.cantly higher in smokers. Furthermore, a higher incidence of Caesarean sections was found in smokers. A reduction in the number of daily smoked cigarettes was associated with a lower percentage of low weight newborns (<2500 g).

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Validation of a User-Friendly and Rapid Method for Quantifying Iodine Content of Salt

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/15648265120334s309 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (4_suppl3) ◽

pp. S330-S335 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fabian Rohner ◽

Greg S. Garrett ◽

Arnaud Laillou ◽

Simone K. Frey ◽

Ralf Mothes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Content ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Iodine Content ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Determination Limit ◽

Potassium Iodate ◽

Salt Iodization ◽

Salt Iodine ◽

User Friendly

Background Despite considerable progress made in the past decade through salt iodization programs, over 2 billion people worldwide still have inadequate iodine intake, with devastating consequences for brain development and intellectual capacity. To optimize these programs with regard to salt iodine content, careful monitoring of salt iodine content is essential, but few methods are available to quantitatively measure iodine concentration in a simple, fast, and safe way. Objective We have validated a newly developed device that quantitatively measures the content of potassium iodate in salt in a simple, safe, and rapid way. Methods The linearity, determination and detection limit, and inter- and intra-assay variability of this colorimetric method were assessed and the method was compared with iodometric titration, using salt samples from several countries. Results Linearity of analysis ranged from 5 to 75 mg/kg iodine, with 1 mg/kg being the determination limit; the intra- and interassay imprecision was 0.9%, 0.5%, and 0.7% and 1.5%, 1.7%, and 2.5% for salt samples with iodine contents of 17, 30, and 55 mg/kg, respectively; the interoperator imprecision for the same samples was 1.2%, 4.9%, and 4.7%, respectively. Comparison with the iodometric method showed high agreement between the methods ( R2 = 0.978; limits of agreement, −10.5 to 10.0 mg/kg). Conclusions The device offers a field- and user-friendly solution to quantifying potassium iodate salt content reliably. For countries that use potassium iodide in salt iodization programs, further validation is required.

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Iodine Status and Thyroid Function in a Group of Seaweed Consumers in Norway

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12113483 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3483

Author(s):

Inger Aakre ◽

Lidunn Tveito Evensen ◽

Marian Kjellevold ◽

Lisbeth Dahl ◽

Sigrun Henjum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Content ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Iodine Intake ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Excessive Iodine

Seaweeds, or macroalgae, may be a good dietary iodine source but also a source of excessive iodine intake. The main aim in this study was to describe the iodine status and thyroid function in a group of macroalgae consumers. Two urine samples were collected from each participant (n = 44) to measure urinary iodine concentration (UIC) after habitual consumption of seaweed. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb), were measured in a subgroup (n = 19). A food frequency questionnaire and an iodine-specific 24 h recall were used to assess iodine intake and macroalgae consumption. The median (p25–p75) UIC was 1200 (370–2850) μg/L. Median (p25–p75) estimated dietary iodine intake, excluding macroalgae, was 110 (78–680) μg/day, indicating that seaweed was the major contributor to the iodine intake. TSH levels were within the reference values, but higher than in other comparable population groups. One third of the participants used seaweeds daily, and sugar kelp, winged kelp, dulse and laver were the most common species. Labelling of iodine content was lacking for a large share of the products consumed. This study found excessive iodine status in macroalgae consumers after intake of dietary seaweeds. Including macroalgae in the diet may give excessive iodine exposure, and consumers should be made aware of the risk associated with inclusion of macroalgae in their diet.

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