Maternal pre-pregnancy weight status modifies the influence of PUFAs and inflammatory biomarkers in breastmilk on infant growth

In breastfed infants, human milk provides the primary source of iodine to meet demands during this vulnerable period of growth and development. Iodine is a key micronutrient that plays an essential role in hormone synthesis. Despite the importance of iodine, there is limited understanding of the maternal factors that influence milk iodine content and how milk iodine intake during infancy is related to postnatal growth. We examined breast milk samples from near 2 weeks and 2 months post-partum in a mother-infant dyad cohort of mothers with pre-pregnancy weight status defined by body mass index (BMI). Normal (NW, BMI < 25.0 kg/m2) is compared to overweight/obesity (OW/OB, BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2). The milk iodine concentration was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We evaluated the associations between iodine content at 2 weeks and infant anthropometrics over the first year of life using multivariable linear mixed modeling. Iodine concentrations generally decreased from 2 weeks to 2 months. We observed no significant difference in iodine based on maternal weight. A higher iodine concentration at 2 weeks was associated with a larger increase in infant weight-for-age and weight-for-length Z-score change per month from 2 weeks to 1 year. This pilot study shows that early iodine intake may influence infant growth trajectory independent of maternal pre-pregnancy weight status.

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Associations between stool micro-transcriptome, gut microbiota, and infant growth

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174420001324 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Molly C. Carney ◽

Xiang Zhan ◽

Akanksha Rangnekar ◽

Maria Z. Chroneos ◽

Sarah J.C. Craig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Weight Status ◽

Transcriptional Activity ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Infant Growth ◽

Adult Obesity ◽

Term Infants ◽

Ribonucleic Acids

Abstract Rapid infant growth increases the risk for adult obesity. The gut microbiome is associated with early weight status; however, no study has examined how interactions between microbial and host ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression influence infant growth. We hypothesized that dynamics in infant stool micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) would be associated with both microbial activity and infant growth via putative metabolic targets. Stool was collected twice from 30 full-term infants, at 1 month and again between 6 and 12 months. Stool RNA were measured with high-throughput sequencing and aligned to human and microbial databases. Infant growth was measured by weight-for-length z-score at birth and 12 months. Increased RNA transcriptional activity of Clostridia (R = 0.55; Adj p = 3.7E-2) and Burkholderia (R = −0.820, Adj p = 2.62E-3) were associated with infant growth. Of the 25 human RNAs associated with growth, 16 were miRNAs. The miRNAs demonstrated significant target enrichment (Adj p < 0.05) for four metabolic pathways. There were four associations between growth-related miRNAs and growth-related phyla. We have shown that longitudinal trends in gut microbiota activity and human miRNA levels are associated with infant growth and the metabolic targets of miRNAs suggest these molecules may regulate the biosynthetic landscape of the gut and influence microbial activity.

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Associations of the pre-pregnancy weight status with anemia and the erythropoiesis-related micronutrient status

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021002627 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-31

Author(s):

Noor Rohmah Mayasari ◽

Tzu-Yu Hu ◽

Jane C-J Chao ◽

Chyi-Huey Bai ◽

Yi Chun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Weight Status ◽

Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽

Population Level ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Dietary Analysis ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Pregnancy Weight

Abstract Objective: The coexistence of underweight (UW) and overweight (OW)/obese (OB) at the population level is known to affect iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), but how the weight status affects erythropoiesis during pregnancy is less clear at a population scale. This study investigated associations between the pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) and erythropoiesis-related nutritional deficiencies. Design: Anthropometry, blood biochemistry, and 24-h dietary recall data were collected during prenatal care visits. The weight status was defined based on the pBMI. Mild nutrition deficiency-related erythropoiesis was defined if individuals had an ID, folate depletion, or a vitamin B12 deficiency. Setting: The Nationwide Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (Pregnant NAHSIT 2017-2019). Participants: We included 1456 women aged 20 to 45 years with singleton pregnancies. Results: Among these pregnant women, 9.6% were UW, and 29.2% were either OW (15.8%) or OB (13.4%). A U-shaped association between the pBMI and IDA was observed, with decreased odds (OR; 95% CI) for OW subjects (0.6; 0.4˜0.9) but increased odds for UW (1.2; 0.8˜2.0) and OB subjects (1.2; 0.8˜1.8). The pBMI was positively correlated with the prevalence of a mild nutritional deficiency. Compared to normal weight (NW), OB pregnant women had 3.4-fold (3.4; 1.4˜8.1) higher odds for multiple mild nutritional deficiencies, while UW individuals had lowest odds (0.3; 0.1-1.2). A dietary analysis showed negative relationships of pBMI with energy, carbohydrates, protein, iron, and folate intakes, but positive relationship with fat intakes. Conclusion: The pre-pregnancy weight status can possibly serve as a good nutritional screening tool for preventing IDA during pregnancy.

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Pre-pregnancy weight status, early pregnancy lipid profile and blood pressure course during pregnancy: The ABCD study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0177554 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. e0177554 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adriëtte J. J. M. Oostvogels ◽

Wim B. Busschers ◽

Eline J. M. Spierings ◽

Tessa J. Roseboom ◽

Maaike G. J. Gademan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Weight Status ◽

Pregnancy Weight

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Maternal Smoking and Infant Low Birth Weight: Exploring the Biological Mechanism Through the Mother’s Pre-pregnancy Weight Status

Population Research and Policy Review ◽

10.1007/s11113-019-09554-x ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Weihui Zhang ◽

Tse-Chuan Yang

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Weight Status ◽

Biological Mechanism ◽

Infant Low Birth Weight ◽

Pregnancy Weight

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Exploring Factors Linked to Weight Status in Salvadoran Infants

Hispanic Health Care International ◽

10.1177/1540415320959593 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 154041532095959

Author(s):

Carmen M. Kiraly ◽

Melanie T. Turk ◽

Melissa A. Kalarchian ◽

Cheryl Shaffer

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Infant Feeding ◽

Weight Status ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Infant Feeding Practices ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Potential Factors ◽

Pregnancy Weight ◽

Infant Birth

Introduction: Potential risk factors of infant overweight/obesity in Salvadoran mother–infant dyads ( N = 88) at routine 9- to 12-month wellbaby visits were examined in a correlational study at two pediatric offices on Long Island, New York. Method: Maternal factors and infant feeding practices in the first 5 months were self-reported; infant birth weight, current weight/recumbent length were obtained. Bivariate logistic regression measured the relationship of the variables with infant weight status >85th percentile weight-for-length (WFL) for sex. Results: The majority of mothers were born in El Salvador, with a mean age of 28.5 years ( SD = 5.9); 43% of infants had WFL >85th percentile. Infant birth weight was significantly associated with WFL >85th percentile, p = .0007. After controlling for maternal age, insurance type, education, and marital status, no significant associations with infant WFL >85th percentile were found. Feeding practices during infants’ first 5 months, mothers’ pre-pregnancy weight, pregnancy weight gain, and history of gestational diabetes mellitus, were not associated with infant weight status. Conclusion: This was the first study to examine infant weight status in Salvadorans. Future studies should objectively measure infant feeding practices and other potential factors among Salvadoran mother infant dyads, since nearly half of the infants had WFL >85th percentile.

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NICOTINE CONSUMPTION BEFORE AND DURING PREGNANCY AFFECTS NOT ONLY NEWBORN SIZE BUT ALSO BIRTH MODUS

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932003001755 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 175-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

SYLVIA KIRCHENGAST ◽

BEDA HARTMANN

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Weight Status ◽

Lower Percentage ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Low Weight ◽

Term Births ◽

Nicotine Consumption ◽

Pregnancy Weight ◽

Newborn Size ◽

Weight Gain During Pregnancy

The associations between cigarette smoking before and during pregnancy and maternal body size (pre-pregnancy weight status, end of pregnancy weight status, weight gain during pregnancy) and newborn size (birth weight, length, head circumference, arcomial circumference), as well as birth modus, were tested in 7803 single full-term births in Vienna. Nicotine consumption before and during pregnancy was found to be associated with smaller and lighter newborns, although maternal weight status and weight gain during pregnancy was signi.cantly higher in smokers. Furthermore, a higher incidence of Caesarean sections was found in smokers. A reduction in the number of daily smoked cigarettes was associated with a lower percentage of low weight newborns (<2500 g).

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MATERNAL HEIGHT AND PRE-PREGNANCY WEIGHT STATUS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FETAL GROWTH PATTERNS AND NEWBORN SIZE

Journal of Biosocial Science ◽

10.1017/s0021932016000493 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 392-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Eva Pölzlberger ◽

Beda Hartmann ◽

Erich Hafner ◽

Ingrid Stümpflein ◽

Sylvia Kirchengast

Keyword(s):

Fetal Growth ◽

Weight Status ◽

First Trimester ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Maternal Height ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Pregnancy Weight ◽

Newborn Size

SummaryThe impact of maternal height, pre-pregnancy weight status and gestational weight gain on fetal growth patterns and newborn size was analysed using a dataset of 4261 singleton term births taking place at the Viennese Danube Hospital between 2005 and 2013. Fetal growth patterns were reconstructed from three ultrasound examinations carried out at the 11th/12th, 20th/21th and 32th/33th weeks of gestation. Crown–rump length, biparietal diameter, fronto-occipital diameter, head circumference, abdominal transverse diameter, abdominal anterior–posterior diameter, abdominal circumference and femur length were determined. Birth weight, birth length and head circumference were measured immediately after birth. The vast majority of newborns were of normal weight, i.e. between 2500 and 4000 g. Maternal height showed a just-significant but weak positive association (r=0.03: p=0.039) with crown–rump length at the first trimester and with the majority of fetal parameters at the second trimester (r>0.06; p<0.001) and third trimester (r>0.09; p<0.001). Pre-pregnancy weight status was significantly positively associated with nearly all fetal dimensions at the third trimester (r>0.08; p<0.001). Maternal height (r>0.17; p<0.001) and pre-pregnancy weight status (r>0.13; p<0.001), but also gestational weight gain (r>0.13; p<0.001), were significantly positively associated with newborn size. Some of these associations were quite weak and the statistical significance was mainly due to the large sample size. The association patterns between maternal height and pre-pregnancy weight status with fetal growth patterns (p<0.001), as well as newborn size (p<0.001), were independent of maternal age, nicotine consumption and fetal sex. In general, taller and heavier women gave birth to larger infants. This association between maternal size and fetal growth patterns was detectable from the first trimester onwards.

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