scholarly journals Vitamin K Nutrition and Bone Health

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Tsugawa ◽  
Masataka Shiraki
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Dependent Protein

Vitamin K is essential for blood coagulation and plays an important role in extrahepatic metabolism, such as in bone and blood vessels, and in energy metabolism. This review discusses the assessment of vitamin K sufficiency and the role of vitamin K in bone health. To elucidate the exact role of vitamin K in other organs, accurate tools for assessing vitamin K deficiency or insufficiency are crucial. Undercarboxylated vitamin K-dependent protein levels can be measured to evaluate tissue-specific vitamin K deficiency/insufficiency. Vitamin K has genomic action through steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR); however, the importance of this action requires further study. Recent studies have revealed that the bone-specific, vitamin K-dependent protein osteocalcin has a close relationship with energy metabolism through insulin sensitivity. Among the organs that produce vitamin K-dependent proteins, bone has attracted the most attention, as vitamin K deficiency has been consistently associated with bone fractures. Although vitamin K treatment addresses vitamin K deficiency and is believed to promote bone health, the corresponding findings on fracture risk reduction are conflicting. We also discuss the similarity of other vitamin supplementations on fracture risk. Future clinical studies are needed to further elucidate the effect of vitamin K on fracture risk.

scholarly journals Association of the Inactive Circulating Matrix Gla Protein with Vitamin K Intake, Calcification, Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Roumeliotis ◽  
Evangelia Dounousi ◽  
Theodoros Eleftheriadis ◽  
Vassilios Liakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Matrix Gla Protein ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Existing Data

Matrix Gla Protein (MGP), a small Gla vitamin K-dependent protein, is the most powerful natural occurring inhibitor of calcification in the human body. To become biologically active, MGP must undergo vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and phosphorylation. Vitamin K deficiency leads to the inactive uncarboxylated, dephosphorylated form of MGP (dpucMGP). We aimed to review the existing data on the association between circulating dpucMGP and vascular calcification, renal function, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in distinct populations. Moreover, the association between vitamin K supplementation and serum levels of dpucMGP was also reviewed.

scholarly journals Vitamin K in COVID-19—Potential Anti-COVID-19 Properties of Fermented Milk Fortified with Bee Honey as a Natural Source of Vitamin K and Probiotics

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi ◽  
Hend A. Abdelmageed ◽  
Ahmed S. Mandour ◽  
Mostafa Elsayed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency

Vitamin K deficiency is evident in severe and fatal COVID-19 patients. It is associated with the cytokine storm, thrombotic complications, multiple organ damage, and high mortality, suggesting a key role of vitamin K in the pathology of COVID-19. To support this view, we summarized findings reported from machine learning studies, molecular simulation, and human studies on the association between vitamin K and SARS-CoV-2. We also investigated the literature for the association between vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and the prognosis of COVID-19. In addition, we speculated that fermented milk fortified with bee honey as a natural source of vitamin K and probiotics may protect against COVID-19 and its severity. The results reported by several studies emphasize vitamin K deficiency in COVID-19 and related complications. However, the literature on the role of VKA and other oral anticoagulants in COVID-19 is controversial: some studies report reductions in (intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality), others report no effect on mortality, while some studies report higher mortality among patients on chronic oral anticoagulants, including VKA. Supplementing fermented milk with honey increases milk peptides, bacterial vitamin K production, and compounds that act as potent antioxidants: phenols, sulforaphane, and metabolites of lactobacilli. Lactobacilli are probiotic bacteria that are suggested to interfere with various aspects of COVID-19 infection ranging from receptor binding to metabolic pathways involved in disease prognosis. Thus, fermented milk that contains natural honey may be a dietary manipulation capable of correcting nutritional and immune deficiencies that predispose to and aggravate COVID-19. Empirical studies are warranted to investigate the benefits of these compounds.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF BLEEDING ASSOCIATED WITH LATE VITAMIN K DEFICIENCY IN INFANTS OF THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF LIFE - TACTICS OF REDUCTION OF DEATHS AND DISABILITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
M. M. Kiselovа
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin K ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Chronic Cholestasis ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Current Guidelines

The article, intended for neonatologists, general practitioners, family medicine, pediatricians, presents the main causes of disorders in the hemostasis system, which lead to the development of hemorrhagic syndrome in newborns and infants. Emphasis is placed on various forms of neonatal hemorrhagic disease (NHD), which is based on a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamin K. The main risk group for bleeding associated with late vitamin K deficiency is formed by children who are exclusively breastfed. The article presents modern approaches to the prevention of late bleeding associated with vitamin K deficiency, which is based on chronic problems of the digestive system – chronic cholestasis, cystic fibrosis and others. Describes and interprets current guidelines for the prophylactic use of vitamin K in infants in the first three months of life in European countries of high economic development, the United States, which reflects various effective schemes for the prevention of bleeding associated with vitamin K deficiency in infants, differing in single dose application of a preventive course and a way of administration of vitamin K (phytomenadione). The role of parents in the prevention of vitamin K deficiency in infants who are breastfed is emphasized.

Emerging Issues in Vitamin K Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Truong ◽  
Sarah L. Booth
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
K Deficiency

Vitamin K is traditionally recognized for its role in blood clotting. More recently, new roles for vitamin K have emerged. The current evidence for the role of vitamin K in bone, cardiovascular, and reproductive health will be discussed. There will be a particular focus on populations who could be at risk for vitamin K deficiency.

scholarly journals Potential Beneficial Effects of Vitamin K in SARS-CoV-2 Induced Vascular Disease?

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kudelko ◽  
Tsz Fung Yip ◽  
Grace Chun Hei Law ◽  
Suki Man Yan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
K Deficiency

Prevalent coagulopathy and thromboembolism are observed in severe COVID-19 patients with 40% of COVID-19 mortality being associated with cardiovascular complications. Abnormal coagulation parameters are related to poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Victims also displayed presence of extensive thrombosis in infected lungs. Vitamin K is well-known to play an essential role in the coagulation system. Latest study revealed an existing correlation between vitamin K deficiency and COVID-19 severity, highlighting a role of vitamin K, probably via coagulation modulation. In agreement, other recent studies also indicated that anti-coagulant treatments can reduce mortality in severe cases. Altogether, potential mechanisms linking COVID-19 with coagulopathy in which vitamin K may exert its modulating role in coagulation related with disease pathogenesis are established. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence supporting COVID-19 as a vascular disease and explore the potential benefits of using vitamin K against COVID-19 to improve disease outcomes.

Role of Vitamin A in Induction of Vitamin K Deficiency in the Rat

1962 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Matschiner ◽  
E. A. Doisy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
K Deficiency

Serum Osteocalcin as a Marker for Vitamin K-Status in Pregnant Women and Their Newborn Babies

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (04) ◽  
pp. 388-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kon-Siong G Jie ◽  
Karly Hamulyák ◽  
Birgit L M G Gijsbers ◽  
Frans J M E Roumen ◽  
Cees Vermeer
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Serum Osteocalcin ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Group A ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Dependent Protein

SummaryOsteocalcin (bone Gla-protein) is a vitamin K-dependent protein synthesized by osteoblasts. Its hydroxylapatite binding capacity (HBC) is generally used to estimate the Gla-content of circulating osteocalcin. Here we have used the HBC of serum osteocalcin as a marker for the vitamin K-status in pregnant women and their offspring. For all cases investigated the HBC values in the cord samples were substantially lower than in the corresponding maternal ones. Babies from mothers who had been treated with vitamin K during the last 6 weeks prior to delivery, had significantly higher HBC values than those from a placebo group. The results presented in this paper are indicative for a generally occurring vitamin K deficiency in newborns. At delivery the HBC in untreated women was low as well. In both the placebo- and the vitamin K-group a good correlation was found between the HBC values in paired samples from mother and child. Whether the maternal HBC value may be used as a prenatal marker for estimating the fetal vitamin K-status remains to be seen.

scholarly journals Vitamin K in Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cozzolino ◽  
Michela Mangano ◽  
Andrea Galassi ◽  
Paola Ciceri ◽  
Piergiorgio Messa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Vitamin K Deficiency ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Subclinical Vitamin ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamin K is a composite term referring to a group of fat-soluble vitamins that function as a cofactor for the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX), which activates a number of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) involved in haemostasis and vascular and bone health. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients suffer from subclinical vitamin K deficiency, suggesting that this represents a population at risk for the biological consequences of poor vitamin K status. This deficiency might be caused by exhaustion of vitamin K due to its high requirements by vitamin K-dependent proteins to inhibit calcification.

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