Frozen Autoclaved Sorghum Enhanced Colonic Fermentation and Lower Visceral Fat Accumulation in Rats

As raw sorghum is not able to influence considerable colonic fermentation despite its higher resistant starch (RS) content, our study aimed to investigate the effects of frozen autoclaved sorghum on colonic fermentation. Fischer 344 rats were fed frozen cooked refined (S-Rf) and whole (S-Wh) sorghum diets and were compared against α-corn starch (CON) and high amylose starch (HAS) fed rats for zoometric parameters, cecal biochemical and microbiological parameters. Sorghum fed rats exhibited significantly lower feed intake and visceral adipose tissue mass compared to CON. Bacterial alpha diversity was significantly higher in the sorghum fed rats compared to HAS and the two sorghum fed groups clustered together, separately from HAS and CON in the beta diversity plot. Serum non-High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol in S-Rf group were significantly lower compared to CON, while total fecal bile excretion was also significantly higher in the two sorghum fed groups. Lower visceral adiposity was correlated with lower feed intake, RS content ingested and cecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents. Thus, higher RS inflow to the colon via frozen autoclaved sorghum might have influenced colonic fermentation of RS and the resultant SCFA might have influenced lower adiposity as manifested by the lower body weight gain.

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Determining the equivalent phosphorus released by an Escherichia coli-derived phytase in broiler chicks

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a03-117 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

S. A. Adedokun ◽

J. S. Sands ◽

O. Adeola

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Negative Control ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Response Variables

Seven-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a 14-d experiment to determine the equivalency value of a new phytase using corn-soybean meal based diets. The experimental diets consisted of positive control (PC) or negative control (NC) diets which were formulated to contain 5.0 or 1.2 g kg-1 non-phytate P, respectively, with a total P of 7.7 or 3.9 g kg-1, respectively; and respective calcium levels of 10.0 or 7.6 g kg-1. The test diets were formulated by the addition of monosodium phosphate (MSP; analyzed to contain 224.0 g kg-1 P) to the NC diet to supply 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g of P kg-1 diet, and phytase was added to the NC diet at 500 FTU or 1000 FTU kg-1 at the expense of corn starch. Each diet was randomly assigned to eight cages of four birds each. Body weight gain (BWG) showed both linear and quadratic increase (P < 0.05) with increasing level of dietary P or phytase supplementation (450 to 656 or 603 g, respectively). Feed efficiency (g BWG/g feed intake) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increase in P or phytase supplementation and quadratic effect to increasing level of phytase (P < 0.05) supplementation (0.699 to 0.793 or 0.758 g, respectively). Percent tibia and toe ash increased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to supplemental P from MSP or phytase supplementation (37.7 and 8 to 47.9 and 10.9 or 45.2 and 10, respectively). Total intestinal tract P and N digestibility increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing P supplementation and showed increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) response to phytase. The response variables, BWG, toe and tibia ash, feed intake and final body weight were used for P equivalency calculation. By solving the equated linear regression equations for the supplemental inorganic P intake and supplemental phytase intake for each of the response variables, between 0.930 and 1.101 g of P was released by 1000 FTU of phytase. The results of this study showed that this phytase was efficacious in hydrolyzing phytate P for bone mineralization and growth of broiler chicks. Key words: Chicks, equivalency value, monosodium phosphate, phosphorus, phytase

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Effect of Dietary Replacement of Fishmeal by Insect Meal on Growth Performance, Blood Profiles and Economics of Growing Pigs in Kenya

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9100705 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 705 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chia ◽

Tanga ◽

Osuga ◽

Alaru ◽

Mwangi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cost Benefit ◽

Growing Pigs ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Large White

Pig production is one of the fastest growing livestock sectors. Development of this sector is hampered by rapidly increasing costs of fishmeal (FM), which is a common protein source in animal feeds. Here, we explored the potential of substituting FM with black soldier fly larval meal (BSFLM) on growth and blood parameters of pigs as well as economic aspects. At weaning, 40 hybrid pigs, i.e., crossbreeds of purebred Large White and Landrace were randomly assigned to five iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic dietary treatments: Control (0% BSFLM and 100% FM (T0)), and FM replaced at 25% (T25), 50% (T50), 75% (T75) and 100% (T100) with BSFLM. Average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated for the whole trial. Hematological and serum biochemical parameters, the cost–benefit ratio (CBR) and return on investment (RoI) were evaluated. No significant effect of diet type was observed on feed intake and daily weight gain. Red or white blood cell indices did not differ among diets. Pigs fed T25, T75 and T100, had lower platelet counts compared to T0 and T50. Dietary inclusion of BSFLM did not affect blood total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein. CBR and RoI were similar for the various diets. In conclusion, BSFLM is a suitable and cost-effective alternative to fishmeal in feed for growing pigs.

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Effect of Honey & Olive Oil Supplemented Bio-Yoghurt Feeding on Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose and Hematological Parameters in Rats

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401313666170905160124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 140-147

Author(s):

Magdy M. Ismail ◽

El-Tahra M. Ammar ◽

Abd El-Wahab E. Khalil ◽

Mohamed Z. Eid

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Low Density ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol

Background and Objective: Yoghurt, especially bio-yoghurt has long been recognized as a product with many health benefits for consumers. Also, honey and olive oil have considerable nutritional and health effects. So, the effect of administration of yoghurt made using ABT culture and fortified with honey (2 and 6%), olive oil (1 and 4%) or honey + olive oil (2+1 and 6+4% respectively) on some biological and hematological properties of rats was investigated.Methods:The body weight gain, serum lipid level, blood glucose level, serum creatinine level, Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) activity, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT) activity, leukocytes and lymphocytes counts of rats were evaluated.Results:Blending of bio-yoghurt with rats' diet improved body weight gain. Concentrations of Total plasma Cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and Triglycerides (TG) significantly lowered in plasma of rats fed bio-yoghurt. Levels of TC, LDL, VLDL, and TG also decreased in rat groups feed bio-yoghurt supplemented with honey and olive oil. LDL concentrations were reduced by 10.32, 18.51, 34.17, 22.48, 43.30% in plasma of rats fed classic starter yoghurt, ABT yoghurt, ABT yoghurt contained 6% honey, ABT yoghurt contained 4% olive oil and ABT yoghurt contained 6% honey + 4% olive oil respectively. The blood glucose, serum creatinine, GOT and GPT values of rats decreased while white blood cells and lymphocytes counts increased by feeding bioyoghurt contained honey and olive oil.Conclusion:The findings enhanced the multiple therapeutic effects of bio-yoghurt supplemented with honey and olive oil.

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Carrot Supplementation Improves Blood Pressure and Reduces Aortic Root Lesions in an Atherosclerosis-Prone Genetic Mouse Model

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041181 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1181

Author(s):

Raffaella Soleti ◽

Marine Coué ◽

Charlotte Trenteseaux ◽

Gregory Hilairet ◽

Lionel Fizanne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Aortic Root ◽

De Novo ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

De Novo Lipogenesis ◽

Hemodynamic Parameters ◽

Cellular Models ◽

Genetic Mouse Model

Epidemiological studies have shown that carrot consumption may be associated with a lower risk of developing several metabolic dysfunctions. Our group previously determined that the Bolero (Bo) carrot variety exhibited vascular and hepatic tropism using cellular models of cardiometabolic diseases. The present study evaluated the potential metabolic and cardiovascular protective effect of Bo, grown under two conditions (standard and biotic stress conditions (BoBS)), in apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE−/−) mice fed with high fat diet (HFD). Effects on metabolic/hemodynamic parameters and on atherosclerotic lesions have been assessed. Both Bo and BoBS decreased plasma triglyceride and expression levels of genes implicated in hepatic de novo lipogenesis and lipid oxidation. BoBS supplementation decreased body weight gain, secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein, and increased cecal propionate content. Interestingly, Bo and BoBS supplementation improved hemodynamic parameters by decreasing systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure. Moreover, Bo improved cardiac output. Finally, Bo and BoBS substantially reduced the aortic root lesion area. These results showed that Bo and BoBS enriched diets corrected most of the metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in an atherosclerosis-prone genetic mouse model and may therefore represent an interesting nutritional approach for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

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Improvement of Obesity and Dyslipidemic Activity of Amomum tsao-ko in C57BL/6 Mice Fed a High-Carbohydrate Diet

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1638

Author(s):

Ju-Hyoung Park ◽

Eun-Kyung Ahn ◽

Min Hee Hwang ◽

Young Jin Park ◽

Young-Rak Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight Gain ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Cardiac Risk ◽

Normal Diet ◽

High Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

High Carbohydrate

Amomum tsao-ko Crevost et Lemaire (Zingiberaceae) is a medicinal herb found in Southeast Asia that is used for the treatment of malaria, abdominal pain, dyspepsia, etc. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ethanol extract of Amomum tsao-ko (EAT) on obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD). First, the mice were divided into five groups (n = 6/group) as follows: normal diet, HCD, and HCD+EAT (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day), which were orally administered with EAT daily for 84 days. Using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, we found that EAT inhibited not only body-weight gain, but also visceral fat and subcutaneous fat accumulation. Histological analysis confirmed that EAT decreased the size of fat tissues. EAT consistently improved various indices, including plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, atherogenic index, and cardiac risk factors, which are related to dyslipidemia—a major risk factor for heart disease. The contents of TC and TG, as well as the lipid droplets of HCD-induced hepatic accumulation in the liver tissue, were suppressed by EAT. Taken together, these findings suggest the possibility of developing EAT as a therapeutic agent for improving HCD-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

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The effects of oil palm leaf meal-based diets on the growth performance and haematological indices of Red Sokoto goats

Journal of Agriculture Forestry and the Social Sciences ◽

10.4314/joafss.v17i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

A.I. Ukanwoko ◽

C.T. Alfred

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Haematological Indices ◽

Palm Leaf

An experiment was carried out to determine the growth performance and haematological indices of Red Sokoto goats placed on oil palm leaf meal (OPLM)-wheat offal based diet. Six goats aged 12-18 months, weighing 15 – 20kg were randomly assigned to three treatments, comprising two animals each in a Completely Randomized Design. Each animal received 1kg of the diet daily for 56 days and weighed weekly. Results showed that final body weight was significant (P<0.05) with goats on T3 having the highest (21.50kg). The feed intake, body weight gain and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were significantly different (P<0.05). T3 had the highest feed intake (305.35g/d), highest body weight gain (90.84g/d) and the best FCR (3.36). Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed in the Red Blood Cell (RBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) counts, ranging between 3.12 - 4.20x106ml; 23.00 -30.50% and 7.70 - 10.15g/dl respectively with goats on T3 having the highest. The inclusion of OPLM enhanced body weight gain, FCR, RBC, PCV, and Hb counts of the goats. Therefore the oil palm leaf meal diets are recommended for better goat production. Key word: Growth performance; Oil Palm Leaf meal., Blood profile., Creatinine., Red Sokoto Goat.

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Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Lipid-Related Transcript Expression and the Economics of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Levels of Rutin

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9010007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fardos Hassan ◽

Elshimaa Roushdy ◽

Asmaa Kishawy ◽

Asmaa Zaglool ◽

Hammed Tukur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

High Concentration ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The effects of rutin on growth performance, hematological and biochemical profiles, antioxidant capacity, economics and the relative expression of selected antioxidants and lipid-related genes were studied in broiler chickens over 42 days. A total of 200 one-day-old female Ross-308 broiler chickens were distributed into four groups, with five replicates of 10 individuals per replicate. They were fed with 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5 or 1 g rutin/kg supplementation in their basal diet. Dietary rutin supplementation, especially the 1 g/kg diet, increased body weight gain, the protein efficiency ratio (p < 0.001) and both white blood cell and lymphocyte counts (p < 0.001). However, it had no effect on total protein, albumin, globulin, or alanine transaminase. A high concentration of rutin (0.5 and 1 g/kg) also significantly reduced serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations (p < 0.001), as well as malondialdehyde concentrations (p = 0.001). A high concentration diet also increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Of the lipid-related genes examined, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase were significantly down-regulated in the livers of rutin-fed individuals, whereas carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha were significantly up-regulated. Therefore, rutin supplementation at 1 g/kg has the potential to improve the productive performance and health status of broiler chickens.

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Comparative evaluation of effects of different sources of groundnut meals on digestibility, growth performance and economics of production of growing rabbits

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v41i1.2734 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 272-283

Author(s):

K. T. Orayaga ◽

P. M. Goholshak

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Control Diet ◽

Seed Kernel ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Groundnut Cake

Three groundnut meals namely: groundnut cake (GNC), locally processed groundnut cake (kulikuli) and toasted groundnut seed(kernel) meal (TGSM) were incorporated in rabbit diets at two levels to generate six diets: 18% GNC, 22% GNC, 18% Kulikuli, 22% Kulikuli, 18% TGSM and 22% TGSM respectively, and 18% GNC also served as the control diet. Twenty four (24) six weeks-old growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with mean initial weight of 568.75±l2.85g were randomly allocated to the six dietary treatment groups, such that each had four rabbits and each rabbit formed a replicate in a completely randomized design laid out in a 2X3 factorial arrangement and fed ad libitum, for 70 days. The main effects showed that while the treatment groups fed TGSM were significantly depressed (p<0.05). rabbits fed GNC and kulikuli were not significantly different (p>0.05) for average daily feed intake, daily body weight gain and final body weight. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was not significantly (p >0.05) affected among treatment groups. Rabbits fed TGSM had significantly (p<0.05) better apparent digestibility coefficient (78.04%) than those on kulikuli (75.81%6) and the group on kulikuli were better than animals fed GNC (72.09%) for fat digestibility. Fibre digestibility was also significantly different (p <0.05), with rabbits fed kulikuli having the poorest fibre digestion (15.63 %). Crude protein, dry matter and NFE apparent digestibility coefficients were not significantly (p >0.05) affected. Among all the parameters measured, only fat and fibre digestibility coefficients had significant (p <0.05) interactions and NFE digestibility was significantly affected (p <0.05) by level of inclusion, with groups fed 22% digesting it better. Feed cost kg gain did not differ significantly (p >0.05) among the treatment groups. Growth was still on the rise and there was a significantly (P<0.01) strong relationship (correlation and regression) between feed intake and weight gain for all the treatment groups. was concluded that both kulikuli and TGSM are potential feed resources for rabbits, more available to house hold farmers, equally economical as GNC and better still if groundnut farmers and or processors of kulikuli raise rabbits, though TGSM had less value for growth rate compared to GNC and Kulikuli at these levels of inclusion

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Individual housing of male C57BL/6J mice after weaning impairs growth and predisposes for obesity

10.1101/834416 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Lidewij Schipper ◽

Steffen van Heijningen ◽

Giorgio Karapetsas ◽

Eline M. van der Beek ◽

Gertjan van Dijk

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Intake ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Individual Housing ◽

Adipose Tissue Mass ◽

Obesogenic Diet

AbstractIndividual housing from weaning onwards resulted in reduced growth rate during adolescence in male C57Bl/6J mice that were housed individually, while energy intake and energy expenditure were increased compared to socially housed counterparts. At 6 weeks of age, these mice had reduced lean body mass, but significantly higher white adipose tissue mass compared to socially housed mice. Body weight gain of individually housed animals exceeded that of socially housed mice during adulthood, with elevations in both energy intake and expenditure. At 18 weeks of age, individually housed mice showed higher adiposity and higher mRNA expression of UCP-1 in inguinal white adipose tissue. Exposure to an obesogenic diet starting at 6 weeks of age further amplified body weight gain and adipose tissue deposition. This study shows that post-weaning individual housing of male mice results in impaired adolescent growth and higher susceptibility to obesity in adulthood. Mice are widely used to study obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. For (metabolic) research models using mice, (social) housing practices should be carefully considered and regarded as a potential confounder due to their modulating effect on metabolic health outcomes.

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Effects of gender and dietary date palm extract on performance, carcass traits, and antioxidant status of Japanese quail

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v51i3.13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 387-398

Author(s):

M. Bolacali ◽

K. Irak ◽

T. Tufan ◽

M. Küçük

Keyword(s):

Japanese Quail ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Date Palm ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Bodyweight Gain ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Groups

This research examined effects of gender and dietary inclusion of date palm extract (DPE) on growth, carcass characteristics, oxidative status and serum characteristics of Japanese quail. One thousand chicks were allocated to five replicates of treatment and gender groups composed of 20 chicks. The treatments were a basal diet and four groups augmented with 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00% DPE. The interaction of gender and treatment was significant for bodyweight (BW) at 42 days, average daily bodyweight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), weights of most carcass components, and the serum profile. Females had better performance to 42 days than males (P <0.05). In addition, females had higher hot and cold carcass weights, breast percentage, liver percentage, intestine percentage, total protein, albumin, triglyceride (TRIG), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress indexes (OSIs) (P <0.001). Males had higher percentages of hot carcass, cold carcass and heart, and their levels of cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values were greater than females (P <0.001). Birds fed 0.50% DPE grew faster, were more efficient, and had heavier live and carcass weights at 42 days than those fed the basal diet. However, treatment effects and their interaction with gender on growth, feed intake and the serum profile were unremarkable compared to the gender main effect. Dietary augmentation with 0.50% DPE might enhance the performance of quail between 14 and 42 days old.

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