scholarly journals Whole Goat Milk as a Source of Fat and Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Infant Formula

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3486
Author(s):  
Sophie Gallier ◽  
Louise Tolenaars ◽  
Colin Prosser
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

Cow milk is the most common dairy milk and has been extensively researched for its functional, technological and nutritional properties for a wide range of products. One such product category is infant formula, which is the most suitable alternative to feed infants, when breastfeeding is not possible. Most infant formulas are based on cow milk protein ingredients. For several reasons, consumers now seek alternatives such as goat milk, which has increasingly been used to manufacture infant, follow-on and young child formulas over the last 30 years. While similar in many aspects, compositional and functional differences exist between cow and goat milk. This offers the opportunity to explore different formulations or manufacturing options for formulas based on goat milk. The use of whole goat milk as the only source of proteins in formulas allows levels of milk fat, short and medium chain fatty acids, sn-2 palmitic acid, and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) to be maximised. These features improve the composition and microstructure of whole goat milk-based infant formula, providing similarities to the complex human milk fat globules, and have been shown to benefit digestion, and cognitive and immune development. Recent research indicates a role for milk fat and MFGM on digestive health, the gut–brain axis and the gut–skin axis. This review highlights the lipid composition of whole goat milk-based infant formula and its potential for infant nutrition to support healthy digestion, brain development and immunity. Further work is warranted on the role of these components in allergy development and the advantages of goat milk fat and MFGM for infant nutrition and health.

scholarly journals Milk fat globule membrane in infant nutrition: a dairy industry perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Roberta Claro da Silva ◽  
Heather L. Colleran ◽  
Salam A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Significant Advance ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

Abstract This review provides an overview of the composition, structure, and biological activities of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) compounds with focus on the future application of this compound as a food ingredient. MFGM is a particular component of mammalian milks and is comprised of a tri-layer of polar lipids, glycolipids and proteins. In recent years, MFGM has been extensively studied for the purpose of enhancing the efficacy of infant nutrition formula. For example, infant formulas supplemented with bovine MFGM have shown promising results with regard to neurodevelopment and defense against infections. Components of MFGM have been shown to present several health benefits as the proteins of the membrane have shown antiviral activity and a reduction in the incidence of diarrhea. Moreover, the presence of sphingomyelin, a phospholipid, implies beneficial effects on human health such as enhanced neuronal development in infants and the protection of neonates from bacterial infections. The development of a lipid that is similar to human milk fat would represent a significant advance for the infant formula industry and would offer high technology formulas for those infants that depend on infant formula. The complexity of the structure of MFGM and its nutritional and technological properties is critically examined in this review with a focus on issues relevant to the dairy industry.

scholarly journals Major proteins of the goat milk fat globule membrane

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 868-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cebo ◽  
H. Caillat ◽  
F. Bouvier ◽  
P. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

scholarly journals Micronutrient and Glucose-Related Biomarkers Until 24 Mo of Age in Infants Receiving Formula With Added Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane Through the First Year of Life: An RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 762-762
Author(s):  
Angela Jaramillo-Ospina ◽  
Rosario Toro-Campos ◽  
Teresa Murguia-Peniche ◽  
Jennifer Wampler ◽  
Steven Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Bovine milk fat globule membrane (bMFGM) added in routine infant formula supports normal growth and safety through 24 mo of age in term infants. The impact on micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers is assessed here. Methods In this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, formula-fed infants were enrolled (<120 days of age) and randomized to receive a standard cow´s milk-based infant formula (SF, n = 174) or a similar formula with added whey protein-lipid concentrate (5 g/L; bMFGM; EF n = 173); exclusively breastfed infants were enrolled as a reference (HM, n = 235). In 50% of infants (chosen at random), parents agreed to blood collection (2–4 h fasting) at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 mo of age. Serum micronutrients (zinc, iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor) and glucose-related biomarkers (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR [Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance], IGF-1) were analyzed. Results At baseline, significant differences in markers of iron status (serum iron, ferritin) and glucose-related biomarkers (glucose, HOMA-IR, and IGF-1) were detected between HM and study formula groups. At 6 and 12 mo, no differences in any measure were detected between study formula groups. Serum iron and ferritin at 12 mo as well as glucose-related biomarkers at 6 mo (insulin, HOMA-IR, IGF-1) and 12 mo (IGF-1 only) were lower in the HM vs study formula groups. By 24 mo, micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers were similar between study formula groups (with the exception of significantly lower serum iron in the SF group); for HM vs study formula groups, differences included significantly lower zinc and IGF-1. Conclusions Patterns of micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers were similar through two years of age in infants who received formula through one year. This study add to the body of data available for glucose-related biomarkers in children at two years of age and younger. Funding Sources The study was funded by Mead Johnson Nutrition (MJN). TMP, SSW, and JLW are currently, and CLB was previously employed by MJN.

scholarly journals In the Age of Viral Pandemic, Can Ingredients Inspired by Human Milk and Infant Nutrition Be Repurposed to Support the Immune System?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Lauren R. Brink ◽  
Maciej Chichlowski ◽  
Nitida Pastor ◽  
Athmaram Thimmasandra Narayanappa ◽  
Neil Shah
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

In 2020, with the advent of a pandemic touching all aspects of global life, there is a renewed interest in nutrition solutions to support the immune system. Infants are vulnerable to infection and breastfeeding has been demonstrated to provide protection. As such, human milk is a great model for sources of functional nutrition ingredients, which may play direct roles in protection against viral diseases. This review aims to summarize the literature around human milk (lactoferrin, milk fat globule membrane, osteopontin, glycerol monolaurate and human milk oligosaccharides) and infant nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids, probiotics and postbiotics) inspired ingredients for support against viral infections and the immune system more broadly. We believe that the application of these ingredients can span across all life stages and thus apply to both pediatric and adult nutrition. We highlight the opportunities for further research in this field to help provide tangible nutrition solutions to support one’s immune system and fight against infections.

scholarly journals A High-Throughput Comparative Proteomics of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Reveals Breed and Lactation Stages Specific Variation in Protein Abundance and Functional Differences Between Milk of Saanen Dairy Goat and Holstein Bovine

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jia ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Zhenbao Zhu ◽  
Lin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

Large variations in the bioactivities and composition of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins were observed between Saanen dairy goat and Holstein bovine at various lactation periods. In the present study, 331, 250, 182, and 248 MFGM proteins were characterized in colostrum and mature milk for the two species by Q-Orbitrap HRMS-based proteomics techniques. KEGG pathway analyses displayed that differentially expressed proteins in colostrum involved in galactose metabolism and an adipogenesis pathway, and the differentially expressed proteins in mature milk associated with lipid metabolism and a PPAR signaling pathway. These results indicated that the types and functions of MFGM proteins in goat and bovine milk were different, and goat milk had a better function of fatty acid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, which can enhance our understanding of MFGM proteins in these two species across different lactation periods, and they provide significant information for the study of lipid metabolism and glycometabolism of goat milk.

Differences in proteomic profiles of milk fat globule membrane in yak and cow milk

2017 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 1822-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxi Ji ◽  
Xisheng Li ◽  
Ying Ma ◽  
Day Li
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule
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