scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet, Screen-Time-Based Sedentary Behavior and Their Interaction Effect on Adiposity in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Miguel Seral-Cortes ◽  
Sergio Sabroso-Lasa ◽  
Alexandro Bailo-Aysa ◽  
Marcela Gonzalez-Gross ◽  
Dénes Molnár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Helena Study

Childhood obesity is a worldwide epidemic. Mediterranean diet (MD) is inversely associated with childhood obesity, but the interaction with other environmental factors, such screen time, might influence the health benefits of a high MD adherence in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to assess whether an association between MD and screen time exists in European adolescents. Moreover, we also explored whether sedentary time has a modulatory effect on the association between MD and adiposity. Adherence to the MD (24 h recalls), screen time (questionnaire), pubertal development, body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated in 2053 adolescents (54.7% females), aged 12.5–17.5 years. In females, MD adherence was associated with lower BMI and FMI only when they were exposed to less than 338 min/day of screen time (81.8% of females); MD adherence was also associated with lower WC only when females were exposed to less than 143 min/day of screen time (31.5% of females). No significant MD-screen time interaction was observed in males. In conclusion, screen-time-based sedentary behaviours had a modulatory effect in the association between MD adherence and adiposity in European female adolescents.

scholarly journals Why are children sedentary: an examination using the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 790-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allana LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
International Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World

Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour have been independently associated with a wide range of negative health indicators including obesity, poor cardio-metabolic health, and poor psychosocial health. The overarching objective of this research was to gain a better understanding as to why children are sedentary and where we need to focus public health messages and interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour. Specifically, I aimed to provide insight on current awareness of sedentary behaviour guidelines, determine important correlates of total sedentary time (SED) and screen time (ST) in Canadian children, and understand correlates of SED and ST in a global context. The primary dataset used for this project was the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE). Background work was completed to review current literature on knowledge and awareness of Canadian physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines (in all age groups) and to understand the representativeness of the ISCOLE dataset. In addition to the 2 background papers, this dissertation includes 3 manuscripts, all prepared for submission in scientific, peer-reviewed journals: Canadian physical activity and screen time guidelines: do children know?, Correlates of objectively measured sedentary time and self-reported screen time in Canadian children, and Correlates of total sedentary time and screen time in 9–11 year-old children around the world: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Overall, this work showed the majority of children around the world are accumulating large amounts of sedentary time, and exceeded current screen time guidelines. We found that the large majority of Canadian children are not aware of screen time guidelines; however, a greater proportion of children could identify physical activity guidelines. We also identified a number of correlates of SED and ST in Canadian children and in children around the world. The most common correlates included weight status and access to electronics in the house. Taken together, this work suggests that public health messaging should focus on increasing awareness of screen time guidelines. While increasing awareness of the guidelines, messaging can be tailored to promoting healthy weight status and reducing (or removing) children’s access to electronic devices in hopes of reducing overall time spent sedentary.

scholarly journals Correlates of Total Sedentary Time and Screen Time in 9–11 Year-Old Children around the World: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0129622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allana G. LeBlanc ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Tiago V. Barreira ◽  
Stephanie T. Broyles ◽  
Jean-Philippe Chaput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
International Study ◽  
The World

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration of Children Aged 6–9 Years in 25 Countries: An Analysis within the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) 2015–2017

Obesity Facts ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Stephen Whiting ◽  
Marta Buoncristiano ◽  
Peter Gelius ◽  
Karim Abu-Omar ◽  
Mary Pattison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Nationally Representative

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Children are becoming less physically active as opportunities for safe active play, recreational activities, and active transport decrease. At the same time, sedentary screen-based activities both during school and leisure time are increasing. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> This study aimed to evaluate physical activity (PA), screen time, and sleep duration of girls and boys aged 6–9 years in Europe using data from the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI). <b><i>Method:</i></b> The fourth COSI data collection round was conducted in 2015–2017, using a standardized protocol that included a family form completed by parents with specific questions about their children’s PA, screen time, and sleep duration. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nationally representative data from 25 countries was included and information on the PA behaviour, screen time, and sleep duration of 150,651 children was analysed. Pooled analysis showed that: 79.4% were actively playing for &#x3e;1 h each day, 53.9% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 50.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 60.2% engaged in screen time for &#x3c;2 h/day, and 84.9% slept for 9–11 h/night. Country-specific analyses of these behaviours showed pronounced differences, with national prevalences in the range of 61.7–98.3% actively playing for &#x3e;1 h/day, 8.2–85.6% were not members of a sport or dancing club, 17.7–94.0% walked or cycled to school each day, 32.3–80.0% engaged in screen time for &#x3c;2 h/day, and 50.0–95.8% slept for 9–11 h/night. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The prevalence of engagement in PA and the achievement of healthy screen time and sleep duration are heterogenous across the region. Policymakers and other stakeholders, including school administrators and parents, should increase opportunities for young people to participate in daily PA as well as explore solutions to address excessive screen time and short sleep duration to improve the overall physical and mental health and well-being of children.

scholarly journals Sex-Related Differences in the Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Glucose and Insulin Homeostasis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bédard ◽  
Louise Corneau ◽  
Benoît Lamarche ◽  
Sylvie Dodin ◽  
Simone Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To document sex differences in the impact of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on glucose/insulin homeostasis and to verify whether these sex-related effects were associated with changes in nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA).Methods. All foods were provided to 38 men and 32 premenopausal women (24–53 y) during 4 weeks. Variables were measured during a 180 min OGTT before and after the MedDiet.Results. A sex-by-time interaction for plasma insulin iAUC was found (men: −17.8%,P=0.02; women: +9.4%,P=0.63;Pfor sex-by-time interaction = 0.005). A sex-by-time interaction was also observed for insulin sensitivity (Cederholm index,P=0.03), for which only men experienced improvements (men: +8.1%,P=0.047; women: −5.9%,P=0.94). No sex difference was observed for glucose and C-peptide responses. Trends toward a decrease in NEFA AUC (P=0.06) and an increase in NEFA suppression rate (P=0.06) were noted, with no sex difference. Changes in NEFA were not associated with change in insulin sensitivity.Conclusions. Results suggest that the more favorable changes in glucose/insulin homeostasis observed in men compared to women in response to the MedDiet are not explained by sex differences in NEFA response. This clinical trial is registered with clinicaltrials.govNCT01293344.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Effects of Repeated Taste Exposure to the Mediterranean Diet: A 6-month Follow-up Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Bédard ◽  
Louise Corneau ◽  
Sylvie Dodin ◽  
Simone Lemieux
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Taste Exposure

Purpose: To determine whether an intervention based mainly on exposure to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), along with recommendations and tools for encouraging healthy eating, lead to different effects on dietary adherence and body weight management six months post-intervention in Canadian men and women. Methods: Thirty-eight males and 32 premenopausal females (all aged 24–53 years) were exposed to the same 4-week experimental MedDiet during which all foods were provided to participants. Participants also received some recommendations and tools to adhere to a healthy way of eating, with no other contact until the 6-month follow-up visit. Results: Compared with baseline, the Mediterranean score (MedScore) increased at the end of the 6-month follow-up (time effect P = 0.003), with no sex difference (sex-by-time interaction P = 0.97). With regard to MedScore components, sex differences were observed with males reporting changes in more dietary food groups than females. Although the intervention was not focused on body weight management, compared with baseline, BMI decreased during the intervention in both males and females; however, only females maintained the lower BMI 6 months after the intervention. Conclusions: Exposure to the MedDiet for a short duration promotes the adherence to this food pattern in both sexes and helps in the management of body weight, especially in females.

scholarly journals Study protocol: Transitions in Adolescent Girls (TAG)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Barendse ◽  
Nandita Vijayakumar ◽  
Michelle L Byrne ◽  
Jessica Flannery ◽  
Theresa W Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Disclosure

Background: Despite recent studies linking pubertal processes to brain development, as well as research demonstrating the importance of both pubertal and neurodevelopmental processes for adolescent mental health, there is limited knowledge of the full pathways and mechanisms behind the emergence of mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety disorders in adolescence. The Transitions in Adolescent Girls (TAG) study aims to understand the complex relationships between pubertal development, brain structure and connectivity, the behavioral and neural correlates of social and self-perception processes, and adolescent mental health in female adolescents. Methods: The TAG study includes 174 female adolescents aged 10.0 to 13.0 years, recruited from the local community in Lane County, Oregon, USA. The participants, along with a parent/guardian, will complete three waves of assessment over the course of three years; the third wave is currently underway. Each wave includes collection of four saliva samples (one per week) and one hair sample for the assessment of hormone levels and immune factors; an MRI session including structural, diffusion, resting-state functional and task-based functional scans; the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS), a diagnostic interview on current and lifetime mental health; production of a short self-narrative video; and measurement of height, weight, and waist circumference. The functional MRI tasks include a self-evaluation paradigm and a self-disclosure paradigm. In addition, adolescents and their parents/guardians complete a number of surveys to report on the adolescent’s pubertal development, mental health, social environment and life events; adolescents also report on various indices of self-perception and social-emotional functioning. Discussion: The knowledge gained from this study will include developmental trajectories of pubertal, neurological, and social processes and their roles as mechanisms in predicting emergence of mental illness in female adolescents. This knowledge will help identify modifiable, developmentally specific risk factors as targets for early intervention and prevention efforts.Methods: The TAG study includes 174 girls aged 10.0 to 13.0 years, recruited from the local community in Lane County, Oregon, USA. The girls, along with a parent/guardian, will complete three waves of assessment over the course of three years; the second and third wave are currently underway. Each wave includes collection of four saliva samples (one per week) and one hair sample for the assessment of hormone levels and immune factors; an MRI session including structural, diffusion, resting-state functional and task-based functional scans; the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS), a diagnostic interview on current and lifetime mental health; production of a short self-narrative video; and measurement of height, weight, and waist circumference. The functional MRI tasks include a self-evaluation paradigm and a self-disclosure paradigm. In addition, adolescents and their parents/guardians complete a number of surveys to report on the adolescent’s pubertal development, mental health, social environment and life events; adolescents also report on various indices of self-perception and social-emotional functioning. Discussion: The knowledge gained from this study will include developmental trajectories of pubertal, neurological, and social processes and their roles as mechanisms in predicting emergence of mental illness in adolescent girls. This knowledge will help identify modifiable, developmentally specific risk factors as targets for early intervention and prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in 0–5-year-olds: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine L Downing ◽  
Jill A Hnatiuk ◽  
Trina Hinkley ◽  
Jo Salmon ◽  
Kylie D Hesketh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
English Language Journal ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Aim or objectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of behavioural interventions that report sedentary behaviour outcomes during early childhood.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesAcademic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, Global Health, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus with Full Text and EMBASE electronic databases were searched in March 2016.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesInclusion criteria were: (1) published in a peer-reviewed English language journal; (2) sedentary behaviour outcomes reported; (3) randomised controlled trial (RCT) study design; and (4) participants were children with a mean age of ≤5.9 years and not yet attending primary/elementary school at postintervention.Results31 studies were included in the systematic review and 17 studies in the meta-analysis. The overall mean difference in screen time outcomes between groups was −17.12 (95% CI −28.82 to −5.42) min/day with a significant overall intervention effect (Z=2.87, p=0.004). The overall mean difference in sedentary time between groups was −18.91 (95% CI −33.31 to −4.51) min/day with a significant overall intervention effect (Z=2.57, p=0.01). Subgroup analyses suggest that for screen time, interventions of ≥6 months duration and those conducted in a community-based setting are most effective. For sedentary time, interventions targeting physical activity (and reporting changes in sedentary time) are more effective than those directly targeting sedentary time.Summary/conclusionsDespite heterogeneity in study methods and results, overall interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour in early childhood show significant reductions, suggesting that this may be an opportune time to intervene.Trial registration numberCRD42015017090.

scholarly journals Joint associations between weekday and weekend physical activity or sedentary time and childhood obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
◽  
Pei Zhao ◽  
Chengming Diao ◽  
Yijuan Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Joint Associations

scholarly journals Parental perceptions, attitudes and knowledge on European preschool children’s total screen time: the ToyBox-study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
María L Miguel-Berges ◽  
Alba M Santaliestra-Pasias ◽  
Theodora Mouratidou ◽  
Paloma Flores-Barrantes ◽  
Odysseas Androutsos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Parental Perceptions ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Attitudes And Knowledge

Abstract Background Preschool children spend a significant proportion of their waking hours being sedentary. Parents play a critical role in developing and shaping their children’s lifestyle behaviours, particularly in the early years of life. This study aims to assess parental perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of their preschool children’s sedentary behaviours and the association with children’s television (TV)/video/DVDs viewing and total screen time. Methods Data were obtained from a sample of 4836 children (3.5–5.5 years), participating in the multi-centre ToyBox-study at baseline (T0) and at 1-year follow-up (T1) periods. Data on children’s sedentary behaviours were collected via a standardized proxy-administered primary caregiver’s questionnaire. Results Regarding total screen time, 66.6% of the children at T0 and 71.8% at T1 in the control group exceeded the recommendations, whereas the proportion in the intervention group varied from 69.7% at T0 to 72.5% at T1. The odds of exceeding total screen time recommendations were significantly higher when parental perceptions towards limiting the total screen time were negative [(both T0 and T1 and in the intervention and control groups (P < 0.05)]. Similarly, the odds of exceeding TV/video/DVDs viewing recommendations were significantly higher (both T0 and T1 is observed in both groups) when parental knowledge of recommendation were absent. Conclusions Preschool children whose caregivers stated rules limiting their sedentary screen time were less likely to spend a high amount of time watching TV/video/DVDs. Interventions to increase parental practices may be a promising approach to decrease total screen time of preschool children but studies are needed to confirm this.

Clustering of Specific Health-related Behaviours: Among Toronto Adolescents

2011 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. e155-e160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin Turner ◽  
John J. M. Dwyer ◽  
A. Michelle Edwards ◽  
Kenneth R. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Sedentary Behaviours ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Related Behaviour ◽  
Specific Health

Purpose: The clustering of specific health-related behaviours was examined among adolescents. Methods: In 2005, cluster analysis was conducted to identify homogeneous groups of Toronto, Ontario, 14- to 17-year-old adolescents (n=445) with similar behaviour patterns according to self-reported measures of moderate to vigorous physical activity (metabolic equivalent [MET] hours a week of MVPA), sedentary behaviours (viewing television or videos, using a computer/the internet, doing homework, and talking with friends), fruit and vegetable consumption, and alcohol consumption. Results: Three clusters of adolescents were identified: “active, high screen-time users,” “active, low screen-time users,” and “less active, least frequent drinkers.” Conclusions: Identifying clusters of adolescents with similar health-related behaviour patterns suggests that researchers and practitioners should develop and implement interventions tailored to specific clusters.

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