Vegan Diet and Bone Health—Results from the Cross-Sectional RBVD Study

Scientific evidence suggests that a vegan diet might be associated with impaired bone health. Therefore, a cross-sectional study (n = 36 vegans, n = 36 omnivores) was used to investigate the associations of veganism with calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements, along with the investigation of differences in the concentrations of nutrition- and bone-related biomarkers between vegans and omnivores. This study revealed lower levels in the QUS parameters in vegans compared to omnivores, e.g., broadband ultrasound attenuation (vegans: 111.8 ± 10.7 dB/MHz, omnivores: 118.0 ± 10.8 dB/MHz, p = 0.02). Vegans had lower levels of vitamin A, B2, lysine, zinc, selenoprotein P, n-3 fatty acids, urinary iodine, and calcium levels, while the concentrations of vitamin K1, folate, and glutamine were higher in vegans compared to omnivores. Applying a reduced rank regression, 12 out of the 28 biomarkers were identified to contribute most to bone health, i.e., lysine, urinary iodine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, selenoprotein P, vitamin A, leucine, α-klotho, n-3 fatty acids, urinary calcium/magnesium, vitamin B6, and FGF23. All QUS parameters increased across the tertiles of the pattern score. The study provides evidence of lower bone health in vegans compared to omnivores, additionally revealing a combination of nutrition-related biomarkers, which may contribute to bone health. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Iodine Nutritional Status and Related Factors among Chinese School-Age Children in Three Different Areas: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1404

Author(s):

Xiaoyun Shan ◽

Changqing Liu ◽

Xiaoyan Luo ◽

Yan Zou ◽

Lichun Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

School Age Children ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

School Age ◽

Related Factors ◽

Cross Sectional

We evaluated the iodine nutritional status and related factors among school-age children based on the 2016 National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Women; 3808 children from Hebei, Guangxi, and Zhejiang province were included in the study. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), body mass index (BMI), vitamin A (VA), and vitamin D (VD) were measured. The abnormal rate of UIC and TSH were assessed. Relationships between UIC/TSH and the possible factors were analyzed. The overall median UIC was 185.14 µg/L, and the median UIC of children aged 8–10 was 164.60 µg/L. Prevalence of iodine deficiency and excess was 13.84% and 14.36%, respectively, and 12.87% of children showed TSH excess. UIC, as well as the abnormal rates of iodine deficiency (ID) and TSH, were significantly different among the three provinces. The median UICs and excess rates increased with age, reaching 211.45 µg/L and 21.35% at age of 14~, while TSH showed the opposite trend. Overweight children tended to have lower UIC and higher TSH. Higher UIC and TSH were found in VA sufficient group (p < 0.01). Further, the VD deficient group had a higher TSH compared to the sufficient group (p < 0.01). Moreover, UI and TSH distribution was obviously different among different vitamin A/D status (p < 0.05). Although the median UIC of school-age children was optimal, there were pockets of inadequate and excessive UI in the three provinces. Compared to the national IDD monitoring results in 2014, the iodine nutritional status of children was greatly improved. Considerations of region, age, BMI, VA, or VD are needed in the future iodine evaluation and surveillance.

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Short- and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Fecal Markers for Microbiota Activity in Vegans and Omnivores

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1808

Author(s):

Iris Trefflich ◽

Stefan Dietrich ◽

Annett Braune ◽

Klaus Abraham ◽

Cornelia Weikert

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vegan Diet ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Fecal Ph ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

A vegan diet could impact microbiota composition and bacterial metabolites like short-chain (SCFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA). The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores. In this cross-sectional study (vegans n = 36; omnivores n = 36), microbiota composition, fecal SCFA, BCFA, and ammonia concentrations and pH were analyzed in complete stool samples. A random forest regression (RFR) was used to identify bacteria predicting SCFA/BCFA concentrations in vegans and omnivores. No significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations were observed between vegans and omnivores. Fecal pH (p = 0.005) and ammonia concentration (p = 0.01) were significantly lower in vegans than in omnivores, while fiber intake was higher (p < 0.0001). Shannon diversity was higher in omnivores compared to vegans on species level (p = 0.04) only. In vegans, a cluster of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Prevotella copri, Dialister spp., and Eubacterium spp. was predictive for SCFA and BCFA concentrations. In omnivores, Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus spp., and Prevotella copri were predictive. Though SCFA and BCFA did not differ between vegans and omnivores, the results of the RFR suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.

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Can postpartum maternal urinary iodine be used to estimate iodine nutrition status of newborns?

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000064 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (7) ◽

pp. 1226-1231 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Pantea Nazeri ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

Mehdi Hedayati ◽

Yadollah Mehrabi ◽

Hossein Delshad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Iodine ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Young Infants ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Heel Prick ◽

Postpartum Mothers

AbstractI deficiency can lead to detrimental effects, particularly in neonates and young infants. The aim of this study was to explore whether postpartum maternal urinary I can be used to estimate the I status of newborns. In this cross-sectional study conducted in Tehran, lactating mothers and newborns, within 3–5 d postpartum, were randomly selected. Urine samples were collected from each mother and newborn, and a heel-prick blood sample was obtained from all newborns as part of the routine national newborn screening programme. According to the WHO criteria, median urinary I concentration (UIC) <100 µg/l and frequency over 3 % of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) >5 mIU/l was considered as I insufficiency. A total of 147 postpartum women and neonates, aged 27·8 (sd5·3) years and 4·2 (sd0·6) d, respectively, completed this study. The median UIC was 68·0 (interquartile range (IQR) 39·4–133·5) and 212·5 (IQR 92·3–307·3) µg/l in postpartum mothers and newborns, respectively. The median neonatal TSH was 1·00 (IQR 0·50–1·70) mIU/l. There was no significant difference in the neonatal UIC and TSH of infants whose mothers had deficient and sufficient urinary I. In the multiple linear regression, neonatal UIC value was associated with maternal urinary I (P=0·048) and parity (P=0·039); a significant association was observed between neonatal TSH and infant sex (P=0·038) and birth weight (P=0·049). The findings of our study demonstrate that, despite postpartum mothers being mildly I deficient, I status of their infants was adequate as assessed by UIC and TSH values. It seems factors other than maternal urinary I may influence the I status in newborns.

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Thyroid Functions in Bamboo-Shoots Consuming Children of Tripura, North-east India

10.21203/rs.3.rs-615916/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Indrajit Ray ◽

A. K. Chandra ◽

Saru Kumar Debbarma ◽

Sekhar Kumar Mookerjee ◽

Ajoy Datta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Iodine ◽

Thyroid Volume ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North East ◽

Bamboo Shoots ◽

The Village

Abstract PurposeInformation on thyroid functions in populations consuming potent antithyroidal bamboo-shoots (BS) was found scanty. Therefore, to assess thyroid function in BS consuming children was found relevant.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 127 children from 3 villages. Thyroid volume (TV), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), urinary iodine (UI), urinary thiocyanate (USCN), salt iodine (SI), water iodine (WI), and BS consumption pattern were assessed. ResultsVariable-wise overall mean±SDs/medians/interquartile ranges (IQR) were - age: 8.69±1.69/8.77/7.22-9.74 y, TVol: 0.82±0.27/0.82/0.67-0.96 ml, FT4: 19.5+5.6/20.1/16.9-22.0 pmol/L, FT3: 4.27+1.24/4.22/3.35-4.96 pmol/L, TSH: 2.44+1.39/2.33/1.60-3.15 mIU/L, Tg-Ab: 15.2+10.0/12.5/11.1-14.5 IU/ml, TPO-Ab: 5.58+12.25/3.89/2.90-5.11 IU/ml, UI: 117.4±58.5/108/73-160.5 µg/L, USCN: 0.99+0.67/0.8/0.5-1.2 mg/dl, WI: 4 .69±4.56/3.0/1.35–7µg/L, and BS consumption: 153.8±01.4/119/71.4–214.3 g/person/day respectively. Only 80.3% salt samples had ≥15 ppm iodine. Thyroid dysfunction prevalence was 6.3%. There were positive correlations between TV and FT4 (r=0.2466, p=0.005), UI and TSH (r=0.2633, p=0.003), TSH and FT4 (r=0.2135, p=0.016), TSH and FT3 (r=0.1898, p=0.033), USCN and FT4 (r=0.2477, p=0.005), Tg-Ab and TPO-Ab (r=0.3768, p=<0.001), and negative correlations between Tg-Ab and TSH (r=-0.2024, p=0.023), Tg-Ab and FT4 (r=-0.1869, p=0.035). In boys, USCN had a positive correlation with TPO-Ab (r=0.3069, p=0.018). The village having highest levels of BS consumption (p=0.037) and median UI showed higher TSH levels (p=0.037) and higher FT3 level (p=0.001) compared to the village of lowest BS consumption.ConclusionsThe BS consuming children appear at risk of developing hypothyroidism by Tg-Ab, which may partly be diminished by reducing BS consumption.

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Thyroid stimulating hormone isn’t a sensitive indicator of iodine nutritional status in schoolchildren

Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas ◽

10.9771/cmbio.v14i3.14990 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 350

Author(s):

Renata De Oliveira Campos ◽

Joaquim Custódio Silva Júnior ◽

Elton Estrela Ramos

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Iodine Concentration ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Iodine Nutrition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Introduction: iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are most common cause of preventable brain damage, mental retardation and stunted growth in children worldwide. Several indicators are complementary to urinary iodine concentration (UIC) for assessing iodine nutritional status, as thyroid size, thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in the blood. Objective: analyze TSH in filter paper blood values and correlate with UIC in schoolchildren from public school at state of Bahia, Brazil. Methodology: cross-sectional study was conducted in 880 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years, randomly selected, of public schools in five cities of four micro-regions of Bahia between October 2013 and September 2014. TSH was analyzed in filter-paper blood and UIC were measured by adapted Sandell-Kolthoff reaction. Results: 880 blood samples on filter-paper were analyzed for TSH. The reference range previously established is 0.72 to 6.0 μUI/mL. Results of this research TSH dosage ranged from 0.24 μIU/L to 7.71 μIU/L, with a mean of 1.01±0.55 μUI/L and median 0.89 μUI/L. Only one child presented TSH greater than 6.0 (7.71 μIU/L); however, results of urinary iodine were consistent with a more than adequate nutrition iodine (243.70μg/L). There’ no correlation between TSH and UIC (r= 0.115; p= 0.002). Conclusion: in the present study, schoolchildren showed low values of TSH, but the mean UIC was indicative of adequate iodine nutrition.

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Anticonvulsant use and bone health in a population-based study of men and women: cross-sectional data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-48845/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vinoomika Chandrasekaran ◽

Julie A Pasco ◽

Amanda L Stuart ◽

Sharon L Brennan-Olsen ◽

Michael Berk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Quality ◽

Bone Health ◽

Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽

Population Based ◽

Stiffness Index ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Specific Patient ◽

Men And Women ◽

Geelong Osteoporosis Study

Abstract Background: Anticonvulsant use has been linked to bone deficits in specific patient populations. We studied the association between anticonvulsant use and bone health in a population-based sample of men and women.Methods: Data from 926 men (24-73yr) and 1070 women (21-94yr) participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study were included. Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) of the PA-spine and total hip was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar). Bone quality was determined using quantitative heel ultrasound (QUS). Anthropometry was conducted and socioeconomic status was determined. Medication and lifestyle information was obtained via questionnaire. Linear regression was used to test associations between anticonvulsant use and bone health before and after adjustment for potential confounders. Results: Seventeen (1.8%) men and 20 (1.9%) women reported anticonvulsant use. In men, anticonvulsant users had 9.1% lower adjusted mean BMD at the spine and hip compared to non-users. Body mass index was an effect modifier at the spine. Anticonvulsant users also had 1.8% lower speed of sound (SOS), 10.6% lower broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and 13.7% lower stiffness index (SI) compared to non-users. In women, BMD tended to be lower at the hip compared to non-users as with the bone quality measure, BUA. No significant associations were observed at the spine or the other bone quality measures, SOS and SI. Conclusion: Our data suggest that bone quantity and quality, assessed using BMD and QUS, are lower for men and possibly women who use anticonvulsants. While further exploration into potential mechanisms is needed, our findings suggest that monitoring bone health among users of anticonvulsants is warranted.

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Iodine status of pregnant women in a population changing from high to lower fish and milk consumption

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012001358 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 325-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir ◽

Anita G Gustavsdottir ◽

Laufey Steingrimsdottir ◽

Amund Maage ◽

Ari J Johannesson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Dairy Product ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽

Critical Periods ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iodine Status ◽

Main Meal

AbstractObjectivesPregnancy is one of the most critical periods for iodine deficiency. The aim of the present study was to assess the iodine status and dietary intake of pregnant women in a population changing from high to lower consumption of milk and fish.DesignCross-sectional observational study. Urine samples were collected for measuring urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and creatinine, and blood samples for measuring serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Frequency of consumption of selected food and beverages was obtained through a semi-quantitative validated FFQ. The difference in the distribution of UIC, ratio of iodine to creatinine (I:Cr) and TSH between groups following recommendations on fish and dairy product intake or not (fish ≥2 times/week as a main meal, diary products ≥2 portions/d) was assessed.SettingPrimary Health Care of the Capital Area, Reykjavik, Iceland.SubjectsRandomly selected pregnant women (19–43 years old,n162).ResultsThe median UIC was 180 μg/l, I:Cr 173 μg/g and TSH 1·5 mmol/l. Women who did not consume fish ≥2 times/week and also did not consume dairy products in line with the recommended intake level of ≥2 portions/d had median UIC of 160 μg/l (I:Cr 149 μg/g) compared with 220 μg/l (I:Cr 190 μg/g) in the group following both the recommendations for fish and those for dairy products. Use of dietary supplements in the two groups was similar.ConclusionsIodine status in the population studied was within the optimal range (150–249 μg/d) defined by the WHO.

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The Relation Between Serum Ferritin and Goiter, Urinary Iodine and Thyroid Hormone Concentration

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.72.5.296 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 296-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Fereidoun Azizi ◽

Parvin Mirmiran ◽

Robabeh Sheikholeslam ◽

Mehdi Hedayati ◽

Reza Rastmanesh

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Monitoring Program ◽

Urinary Iodine ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Iodine Supplementation ◽

High Prevalence

Objective: Many children are at high risk of both goiter and iron deficiency in Iran. Because iron deficiency may impair the efficacy of iodine supplementation, the aim of this study was to determine the relation between serum ferritin and goiter, urinary iodine, and thyroid hormones following iodized salt supplementation. Design: A cross-sectional study of schoolchildren in 26 Iranian provinces. Methods: In a national iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) monitoring program, 36178 schoolchildren, approximately 1200 from each province, received goiter grading by WHO criteria. Urine and serum samples were collected from 2917 children and assayed for urinary iodine and serum ferritin, T4, T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. Results: Total goiter rates were 80 and 20% in children with ferritin concentrations < 10 mg/dL and _ 10 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.001). Increased serum T3 and decreased resin T3 uptake was present in those with lower serum ferritin levels; however, free T3 and T4 index, serum T4, and TSH were not significantly different between those with low and normal ferritin. Conclusion: Iron deficiency is associated with a high prevalence of goiter in Iranian schoolchildren.

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Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.675214 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Carmela de Lamas ◽

Paula Sánchez-Pintos ◽

María José de Castro ◽

Miguel Sáenz de Pipaon ◽

María Luz Couce

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Bone Health ◽

Screen Time ◽

Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽

Viewing Time ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bone Status ◽

Bone Speed Of Sound ◽

Cross Sectional Studies

Introduction: Technological advances over the last 2 decades have led to an increase in the time spent by children and youth engaged in screen-based activities, and growing recognition of deleterious effects on health. In this systematic review of cohort and cross-sectional studies, we assess current data on the relationship between screen time and bone status in children and teenagers.Methods: We searched PUBMED and SCOPUS databases for studies of children and adolescents that assessed screen time and bone status, determined by measuring bone mineral content or density, bone stiffness index, bone speed of sound, bone broadband ultrasound attenuation, or frame index. Searches were limited to studies published between 1900 and 2020, and performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies included were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.Results: Ten cohort and cross-sectional studies including pediatric population were selected. The combined study population was 20,420 children/adolescents, of whom 18,444 participated in cross-sectional studies. Four studies assessed the effects of total screen time, seven the consequences of TV viewing time, and six the effects of recreational computer use on bone health. Our findings indicate an inverse association between total and weekly screen time and bone health in children and adolescents. In 57% of the studies included also a negative correlation between television viewing time and bone status was observed, while recreational computer time did not have a significant impact on bone health. According to the only four studies that included dietetic factors, no relevant differences were found between calcium intake and screen time or bone broadband ultrasound attenuation and bone speed of sound.Conclusions: Review of the literature of the past three decades provides strong support for comprehensive education of screen time on bone status. The findings of this systematic review support a negative association between screen time and bone status in children and adolescents, with a different impact when considering the different technological devices. As peak bone mass in adolescents is the strongest predictor of osteoporosis risk, strategies aimed at improving bone health should incorporate conscious use of digital technology.

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