scholarly journals Dietary Glycaemic Index Labelling: A Global Perspective

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3244
Author(s):  
Alan W. Barclay ◽  
Livia S. A. Augustin ◽  
Furio Brighenti ◽  
Elizabeth Delport ◽  
C. Jeyakumar Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Food Law ◽  
Food Standard ◽  
The Usa

The glycaemic index (GI) is a food metric that ranks the acute impact of available (digestible) carbohydrates on blood glucose. At present, few countries regulate the inclusion of GI on food labels even though the information may assist consumers to manage blood glucose levels. Australia and New Zealand regulate GI claims as nutrition content claims and also recognize the GI Foundation’s certified Low GI trademark as an endorsement. The GI Foundation of South Africa endorses foods with low, medium and high GI symbols. In Asia, Singapore’s Healthier Choice Symbol has specific provisions for low GI claims. Low GI claims are also permitted on food labels in India. In China, there are no national regulations specific to GI; however, voluntary claims are permitted. In the USA, GI claims are not specifically regulated but are permitted, as they are deemed to fall under general food-labelling provisions. In Canada and the European Union, GI claims are not legal under current food law. Inconsistences in food regulation around the world undermine consumer and health professional confidence and call for harmonization. Global provisions for GI claims/endorsements in food standard codes would be in the best interests of people with diabetes and those at risk.

scholarly journals Low glycaemic index diet in patients prescribed clozapine: pilot study

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 292-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Smith ◽  
Tom White
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Random Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Mean

Aims and MethodThis study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of a low glycaemic index diet in patients with schizophrenia taking clozapine. Seven patients consented to participate in a 5-week pilot study. Measurements were taken of body weight, random blood glucose and cholesterol levels.ResultsThe mean weight loss per patient was 2.9 kg in 4 weeks. Random blood glucose levels reduced from a mean of 5.3 mmol/l at the beginning of the study to 4.7 mmol/l at the end.Clinical ImplicationsA low glycaemic index diet may possibly reduce the substantial cardiovascular risk in patients receiving antipsychotic medication.

scholarly journals The influence of maternal glycaemia and dietary glycaemic index on pregnancy outcome in healthy mothers

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara A. McGowan ◽  
Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Fetal Macrosomia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Infant Birth

Infant birth weight has increased in Ireland in recent years along with levels of childhood overweight and obesity. The present article reviews the current literature on maternal glycaemia and the role of the dietary glycaemic index (GI) and its impact on pregnancy outcomes. It is known that maternal weight and weight gain significantly influence infant birth weight. Fetal macrosomia (birth weight >4000 g) is associated with an increased risk of perinatal trauma to both mother and infant. Furthermore, macrosomic infants have greater risk of being obese in childhood, adolescence and adulthood compared to normal-sized infants. There is evidence that there is a direct relationship between maternal blood glucose levels during pregnancy and fetal growth and size at birth, even when maternal blood glucose levels are within their normal range. Thus, maintaining blood glucose concentrations within normal parameters during pregnancy may reduce the incidence of fetal macrosomia. Maternal diet, and particularly its carbohydrate (CHO) type and content, influences maternal blood glucose concentrations. However, different CHO foods produce different glycaemic responses. The GI was conceived by Jenkins in 1981 as a method for assessing the glycaemic responses of different CHO. Data from clinical studies in healthy pregnant women have documented that consuming a low-GI diet during pregnancy reduces peaks in postprandial glucose levels and normalises infant birth weight. Pregnancy is a physiological condition where the GI may be of particular relevance as glucose is the primary fuel for fetal growth.

scholarly journals The use of low-glycaemic index diets in diabetes control

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Thomas ◽  
E. J. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Control ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Weighted Mean Difference ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Improved Glycaemic Control

The aim of diabetes management is to normalise blood glucose levels since improved blood glucose control is associated with fewer complications. Food affects blood glucose levels; however, there is no universal approach to the optimal diabetic diet and there is controversy about the usefulness of the low-glycaemic index (GI) diet. To assess the effects of low-GI diets on glycaemic control in diabetes, we conducted electronic searches of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL. We assessed randomised controlled trials (RCT) with interventions >4 weeks that compared a low-GI diet with a higher-GI diet for type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Twelve RCT (n612) were identified. There was a significant decrease in glycated Hb (HbA1c) with low-GI diet than with the control diet, indicating improved glycaemic control (seven trials,n457, weighted mean difference (WMD) − 0·4 % HbA1c, 95 % CI − 0·7, − 0·20,P = 0·001). In four studies reporting the results for glycaemic control as fructosamine, three of which were 6 weeks or less in duration, pooled data showed a decrease in fructosamine (WMD − 0·23 mmol/l, 95 % CI − 0·47, 0·00,P = 0·05),n141, with low-GI diet than with high-GI diet. Glycosylated albumin levels decreased significantly with low-GI diet, but not with high-GI diet, in one study that reported this outcome. Lowering the GI of the diet may contribute to improved glycaemic control in diabetes.

Wpływ żywienia na występowanie nowotworów

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Zegartowska
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Many studies conducted in recent years have shown that the incidence of cancer is still on the rise. According to the World Health Orgnization (WHO), most of these cases are a consequence of poor diet and lifestyle. Excess dietary carbohydrates, low-glycaemic index carbohydrates in particular, and low intake of fibre promote carcinogenesis. Many studies led to a conclusion that high body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) contribute to the risk of cancer. High blood glucose levels are one of the main factors predisposing to cancer. High postprandial blood glucose, which is most commonly observed in patients with type 2 diabetes, is also one of the factors that disturb metabolic transformations, which may promote carcinogenesis. It is worth following the principles of rational nutrition as part of cancer prevention. Manufacturers meet consumers' demands by developing improved food products, such as jams made from vegetables, which are higher in fibre and lower in sugar compared to fruit jams.

scholarly journals Glycaemic response to barley porridge varying in dietary fibre content

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pariyarath S. Thondre ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Andrew J. Rosenthal ◽  
Christiani J. K. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

The interest in barley as a food is increasing worldwide because of its high dietary fibre (DF) content and low glycaemic index (GI). DF in cereals may prove beneficial in improving blood glucose response in the long term. However, a dose-dependent effect of insoluble fibre on reducing postprandial blood glucose levels is yet to be proven. The objective of the present study was to determine the glycaemic response to two barley porridges prepared from whole barley grains varying in fibre content. In two separate non-blind randomised crossover trials, ten human subjects consumed barley porridge with 16 g/100 g and 10 g/100 g fibre content provided in different serving sizes (equivalent to 25 and 50 g available carbohydrate). The glycaemic response to both barley porridges was significantly lower than the reference glucose (P < 0·05). There was no significant difference between the glucose areas under the curve or GI for the two barley porridges. We concluded that irrespective of the difference in total fibre content or serving size of barley porridges, their GI values did not differ significantly.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in Health Policy – A Global Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Immanuel Azaad Moonesar ◽  
Ruchi Dass
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Healthcare Data ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Training Professionals ◽  
The Usa

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence has become the new frontier for digital transformation. For healthcare, AI brings a paradigm shift, powered by increasing healthcare data availability and the rapid progress of analytics techniques globally. Objective: Several hypotheses are set forward to design a policy framework for AI technologies was discussed. This review also suggests a framework that we reflect is a better case involving "responsible AI" and "permission less innovation." Methodology: In this perspective review, AI insights into countries such as the USA, UAE, UK, and the European Union using secondary research. Results: Policy recommendations would impact multiple stakeholders in the value chain. The efficient and responsible use of AI tools would mean culture, data management, technology shifts in the industry, and required up-grading and training professionals for better coordination

Intraoperative Changes in Blood Glucose Levels Increase the Risk of Death in Cardiac Surgery

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hager ◽  
E Giorni ◽  
A Felli ◽  
B Mora ◽  
M Hiesmayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

9/11 and Armageddon: the Christian Right and George W. Bush

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Göran Gunner
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Christian Right ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Religious Leader ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Mega Church ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Jerry Falwell ◽  
High Degree

Authors from the Christian Right in the USA situate the September 11 attack on New York and Washington within God's intentions to bring America into the divine schedule for the end of the world. This is true of Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, and other leading figures in the ‘Christian Coalition’. This article analyses how Christian fundamentalists assess the roles of the USA, the State of Israel, Islam, Iraq, the European Union and Russia within what they perceive to be the divine plan for the future of the world, especially against the background of ‘9/11’. It argues that the ideas of the Christian Right and of President George W. Bush coalesce to a high degree. Whereas before 9/11 many American mega-church preachers had aspirations to direct political life, after the events of that day the President assumes some of the roles of a mega-religious leader.

THE EFFECT OF THE PROGESTOGEN ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE ON GLUCOSE, INSULIN, AND GROWTH HORMONE AFTER SIX MONTHS TREATMENT

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Spellacy ◽  
W. C. Buhi ◽  
S. A. Birk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ethynodiol Diacetate ◽  
Tolerance Curve

ABSTRACT Seventy-one women were treated with a daily dose of 0.25 mg of the progestogen ethynodiol diacetate. They were all tested with a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test before beginning the steroid and then again during the sixth month of use. Measurements were made of blood glucose and plasma insulin and growth hormone levels. There was a significant elevation of the blood glucose levels after steroid treatment as well as a deterioration in the tolerance curve in 12.9% of the women. The plasma insulin values were also elevated after drug treatment whereas the fasting ambulatory growth hormone levels did not significantly change. There was a significant association between the changes in glucose and insulin levels and the subject's age, control weight, or weight gain during treatment. The importance of considering the metabolic effects of the progestogen component of oral contraceptives is stressed.

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