scholarly journals Short-Term Supplemental Dietary Potassium from Potato and Potassium Gluconate: Effect on Calcium Retention and Urinary pH in Pre-Hypertensive-to-Hypertensive Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4399
Author(s):  
Michael S. Stone ◽  
Berdine R. Martin ◽  
Connie M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Potassium Supplement ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Potassium supplementation has been associated with reduced urinary calcium (Ca) excretion and increased Ca balance. Dietary interventions assessing the impact of potassium on bone are lacking. In this secondary analysis of a study designed primarily to determine blood pressure effects, we assessed the effects of potassium intake from potato sources and a potassium supplement on urinary Ca, urine pH, and Ca balance. Thirty men (n = 15) and women (n = 15) with a mean ± SD age and BMI of 48.2 ± 15 years and 31.4 ± 6.1 kg/m2, respectively, were enrolled in a cross-over, randomized control feeding trial. Participants were assigned to a random order of four 16-day dietary potassium interventions including a basal diet (control) of 2300 mg/day (~60 mmol/day) of potassium, and three phases of an additional 1000 mg/day (3300 mg/day(~85 mmol/day) total) of potassium in the form of potatoes (baked, boiled, or pan-heated), French fries (FF), or a potassium (K)-gluconate supplement. Calcium intake for all diets was approximately 700–800 mg/day. Using a mixed model ANOVA there was a significantly lower urinary Ca excretion in the K-gluconate phase (96 ± 10 mg/day) compared to the control (115 ± 10 mg/day; p = 0.027) and potato (114 ± 10 mg/day; p = 0.033). In addition, there was a significant difference in urinary pH between the supplement and control phases (6.54 ± 0.16 vs. 6.08 ± 0.18; p = 0.0036). There were no significant differences in Ca retention. An increased potassium intake via K-gluconate supplementation may favorably influence urinary Ca excretion and urine pH. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02697708.

scholarly journals Short-Term RCT of Increased Dietary Potassium from Potato or Potassium Gluconate: Effect on Blood Pressure, Microcirculation, and Potassium and Sodium Retention in Pre-Hypertensive-to-Hypertensive Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1610
Author(s):  
Michael S. Stone ◽  
Berdine R. Martin ◽  
Connie M. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Potassium Gluconate ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Over Time

Increased potassium intake has been linked to improvements in cardiovascular and other health outcomes. We assessed increasing potassium intake through food or supplements as part of a controlled diet on blood pressure (BP), microcirculation (endothelial function), and potassium and sodium retention in thirty pre-hypertensive-to-hypertensive men and women. Participants were randomly assigned to a sequence of four 17 day dietary potassium treatments: a basal diet (control) of 60 mmol/d and three phases of 85 mmol/d added as potatoes, French fries, or a potassium gluconate supplement. Blood pressure was measured by manual auscultation, cutaneous microvascular and endothelial function by thermal hyperemia, utilizing laser Doppler flowmetry, and mineral retention by metabolic balance. There were no significant differences among treatments for end-of-treatment BP, change in BP over time, or endothelial function using a mixed-model ANOVA. However, there was a greater change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) over time by feeding baked/boiled potatoes compared with control (−6.0 mmHg vs. −2.6 mmHg; p = 0.011) using contrast analysis. Potassium retention was highest with supplements. Individuals with a higher cardiometabolic risk may benefit by increasing potassium intake. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02697708.

No Evidence of Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure Salt Sensitivity When Potassium Intake Exceeds Levels Recommended in the US Dietary Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore W. Kurtz ◽  
Stephen E. DiCarlo ◽  
Michal Pravenec ◽  
R. Curtis Morris
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

On average, black individuals are widely believed to be more sensitive than white individuals to blood pressure (BP) effects of changes in salt intake. However, few studies have directly compared the BP effects of changing salt intake in black versus white individuals. In this narrative review, we analyze those studies and note that when potassium intake substantially exceeds the recently recommended US dietary goal of 87 mmol/d, black adults do not appear more sensitive than white adults to BP effects of short-term or long-term increases in salt intake (from an intake ≤ 50 mmol/d up to 150 mmol/d or more). However, with lower potassium intakes, racial differences in salt sensitivity are observed. Mechanistic studies suggest that racial differences in salt sensitivity are related to differences in vascular resistance responses to changes in salt intake mediated by vasodilator and vasoconstrictor pathways. With respect to cause and prevention of racial disparities in salt sensitivity, it is noteworthy that 1) on average, black individuals consume less potassium than white individuals and 2) consuming supplemental potassium bicarbonate, or potassium rich foods can prevent racial disparities in salt-sensitivity. However, the new US Dietary Guidelines reduced the dietary potassium goal well-below the amount associated with preventing racial disparities in salt sensitivity. These observations should motivate research on the impact of the new dietary potassium guidelines on racial disparities in salt sensitivity, the risks and benefits of potassium-containing salt substitutes or supplements, and methods for increasing consumption of foods rich in nutrients that protect against salt-induced hypertension.

scholarly journals Dietary Modelling to Explore the Impact of Potassium Chloride Replacement for Sodium in Bread for Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2472
Author(s):  
Rebecca Morrison ◽  
Jordan Stanford ◽  
Kelly Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
The Impact

Food manufacturers are increasingly substituting potassium chloride (KCl) in food products so as to reduce the sodium chloride content. Bread and bread products are common staple foods in many Western households and are a target for recipe reformulation using KCl. Given that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a medical condition of global importance that requires dietary potassium restriction in the later stages, we sought to evaluate the impact and safety of varying levels of KCl substitution in bread products. We undertook a secondary analysis of dietary data from the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011–2012 for 12,152 participants (154 participants with CKD). The sodium chloride content in bread and bread-based products was substituted with 20%, 30%, and 40% of KCl. The contribution of these alterations in the dietary potassium intake to the total daily potassium intake were then examined. The replacement of sodium in bread with varying amounts of KCl (20%, 30%, and 40%) resulted in one third of people with CKD exceeding the safe limits for dietary potassium consumption (31.8%, 32.6%, and 33%, respectively). KCl substitution in staple foods such as bread and bread products have serious and potentially fatal consequences for people who need to restrict dietary potassium. Improved food labelling is required for consumers to avoid excessive consumption.

Effects of potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate in the diet on urinary pH and mineral excretion of adult cats

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Paßlack ◽  
Thomas Brenten ◽  
Konrad Neumann ◽  
Jürgen Zentek
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Urinary Oxalate ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Mineral Excretion ◽  
Urine Composition ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Low K

Low dietary K levels have been associated with increasing renal Ca excretion in humans, indicating a higher risk of calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolith formation. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate whether dietary K also affects the urine composition of cats. A total of eight adult cats were fed diets containing 0·31 % native K and 0·50, 0·75 and 1·00 % K from KCl or KHCO3 and were evaluated for the effects of dietary K. High dietary K levels were found to elevate urinary K concentrations (P< 0·001). Renal Ca excretion was higher in cats fed the KCl diets than in those fed the KHCO3 diets (P= 0·026), while urinary oxalate concentrations were generally lower in cats fed the KCl diets and only dependent on dietary K levels in cats fed the KHCO3 diets (P< 0·05). Fasting urine pH increased with higher dietary K levels (P= 0·022), reaching values of 6·38 (1·00 % KCl) and 7·65 (1·00 % KHCO3). K retention was markedly negative after feeding the cats with the basal diet ( − 197 mg/d) and the 0·50 % KCl diet ( − 131 mg/d), while the cats tended to maintain their balance on being fed the highest-KCl diet ( − 23·3 mg/d). In contrast, K from KHCO3 was more efficiently retained (P= 0·018), with K retention being between − 82·5 and 52·5 mg/d. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of KHCO3 instead of KCl as K source could be beneficial for the prevention of CaOx urolith formation in cats, since there is an association between a lower renal Ca excretion and a generally higher urine pH. The utilisation of K is distinctly influenced by the K salt, which may be especially practically relevant when using diets with low K levels.

scholarly journals Influence of Strain and Diet on Urinary pH in Laboratory Mice

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Linda F. Böswald ◽  
Dana Matzek ◽  
Ellen Kienzle ◽  
Bastian Popper
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Urinary Ph ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Pooled Sample

Acid base homeostasis and urine pH is influenced by the dietary cation anion balance (DCAB) in many species. Here, a negative DCAB acidifies the urine, while higher DCABs alkalize the urine. The dimension of the DCAB effect can be species-specific, because of differences in urine buffer systems. The aim of the present study was to describe the response of laboratory mice to diets with different DCAB. We used 8-week-old wildtype male mice of the C57Bl/6J inbred strain and CD1 outbred stock. Three groups (n = 15 animals/group) were formed and fed standard diet A for adaptation. For the 7-week feeding trial, mice were either kept on diet A (DCAB −7 mmol/kg dry matter (DM) or switched to diet B (246 mmol/kg DM) or C (−257 mmol/kg DM). Urine pH was measured weekly from a pooled sample per cage. There was a significant difference in the basal urine pH on diet A between C57Bl6/J and CD1 mice. The shift in urine pH was also significantly different between the two groups investigated.

scholarly journals Impact on Diabetes Management of the Restrictions of Social Participation to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic at a Single Facility in Japan: A Retrospective, Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiki Kogai ◽  
Kazutoshi Fujibayashi ◽  
Naotake Yanagisawa ◽  
Nobuyuki Fukui ◽  
Akihiko Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Improvement Rate ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of limitations of activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic on diabetes management.Methods: To clarify the impacts of the emergency declared on April 7 2020, 345 patients, 1109 patients, and 752 patients whose HbA1c levels were measured in both March and April, May, or June were selected. The patients to be compared were selected from the 2019 data under the same conditions. In 2019, 469 patients, 1315 patients, and 783 patients whose HbA1c levels were measured in both March and April, May, or June were selected. The impact of restricted activity on diabetes management due to the declared emergencies was assessed by comparing HbA1c levels in April, May, and June minus the HbA1c levels in March of both 2019 and 2020. Subjects with a difference in HbA1c levels greater than 0 were defined as “worsened”, and subjects with a difference in HbA1c levels less than or equal to 0 were defined as “improved”. The deterioration rate and the improvement rate of the HbA1c level in 2019 and 2020 were compared by the Chi-squared test. Second, the linear trends of HbA1c from April to June between 2019 and 2020 were calculated by mixed model repeated measures ANOVA.Results: There were more patients with worsening HbA1c levels from March to April in 2020 than in 2019: 122 (26.0%) vs. 137 (39.7%), p<0.01. There were more patients with improved HbA1c levels from March to June in 2020 than in 2019: 478 (61.0%) vs. 512 (68.1%), p<0.01. Patients with improved HbA1c levels between March and May showed no significant difference between 2020 and 2019: 814 (61.9%) vs. 713 (64.3%), p=0.23. Slopes of HbA1c levels from April to June in 2019 and 2020 were -0.0024 (-0.0039, -0.0009) and -0.0099 (-0.0117 -0.0081), respectively. There were significant differences in the slopes -0.0075 (-0.0097, -0.0053), p<0.01) between the years.Conclusions: HbA1c levels did not appear to show persistent deterioration during the observational period in 2020. Meanwhile, some diabetic patients may have shown both improved and worsened diabetes control during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Measuring Impact of Stress in Sandwich Generation Caring for Demented Parents

GeroPsych ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence M. Solberg ◽  
Lauren B. Solberg ◽  
Emily N. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Worker ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sandwich Generation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Caregivers ◽  
The Impact

Stress in caregivers may affect the healthcare recipients receive. We examined the impact of stress experienced by 45 adult caregivers of their elderly demented parents. The participants completed a 32-item questionnaire about the impact of experienced stress. The questionnaire also asked about interventions that might help to reduce the impact of stress. After exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 32-item questionnaire to 13 items. Results indicated that caregivers experienced stress, anxiety, and sadness. Also, emotional, but not financial or professional, well-being was significantly impacted. There was no significant difference between the impact of caregiver stress on members from the sandwich generation and those from the nonsandwich generation. Meeting with a social worker for resource availability was identified most frequently as a potentially helpful intervention for coping with the impact of stress.

Dietary Potassium Intake and Mortality in a Prospective Hemodialysis Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Narasaki ◽  
Yusuke Okuda ◽  
Sara S. Kalantar ◽  
Amy S. You ◽  
Alejandra Novoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium

Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and feedback exposure conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-48
Author(s):  
Takehiro Iizuka ◽  
Kimi Nakatsukasa
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Knowledge ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Corrective Feedback ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Instructional Settings ◽  
The Impact

This exploratory study examined the impact of implicit and explicit oral corrective feedback (CF) on the development of implicit and explicit knowledge of Japanese locative particles (activity de, movement ni and location ni) for those who directly received CF and those who observed CF in the classroom. Thirty-six college students in a beginning Japanese language course received either recast (implicit), metalinguistic (explicit) or no feedback during an information-gap picture description activity, and completed a timed picture description test (implicit knowledge) and an untimed grammaticality judgement test (explicit knowledge) in a pre-test, immediate post-test and delayed post-test. The results showed that overall there was no significant difference between CF types, and that CF benefited direct and indirect recipients similarly. Potential factors that might influence the effectiveness of CF, such as instructional settings, complexity of target structures and pedagogy styles, are discussed.

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