scholarly journals Current Arboviral Threats and Their Potential Vectors in Thailand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Chadchalerm Raksakoon ◽  
Rutcharin Potiwat
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
African Horse Sickness ◽  
African Horse Sickness Virus ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Duck Tembusu Virus ◽  
Target Control ◽  
The World

Arthropod-borne viral diseases (arboviruses) are a public-health concern in many regions of the world, including Thailand. This review describes the potential vectors and important human and/or veterinary arboviruses in Thailand. The medically important arboviruses affect humans, while veterinary arboviruses affect livestock and the economy. The main vectors described are mosquitoes, but other arthropods have been reported. Important mosquito-borne arboviruses are transmitted mainly by members of the genus Aedes (e.g., dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus) and Culex (e.g., Japanese encephalitis, Tembusu and West Nile virus). While mosquitoes are important vectors, arboviruses are transmitted via other vectors, such as sand flies, ticks, cimicids (Family Cimicidae) and Culicoides. Veterinary arboviruses are reported in this review, e.g., duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV), and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). During arbovirus outbreaks, to target control interventions appropriately, it is critical to identify the vector(s) involved and their ecology. Knowledge of the prevalence of these viruses, and the potential for viral infections to co-circulate in mosquitoes, is also important for outbreak prediction.

Phthalimide Analogs for Antimalarial Drug Discovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Bansal ◽  
Charu Upadhyay ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Brijesh Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Major Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening

Malaria remains as one of the most life-threatening diseases and thus major public health concern all around the world. The disease becomes devastating if not treated with proper medication on...

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality—A Review on Recent Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurshad Ali ◽  
Farjana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a serious public health concern worldwide. Although, most of the regions around the globe have been affected by COVID-19 infections; some regions are more badly affected in terms of infections and fatality rates than others. The exact reasons for such variations are not clear yet. This review discussed the possible effects of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and mortality based on some recent evidence. The findings of most studies reviewed here demonstrate that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution especially PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may contribute significantly to higher rates of COVID-19 infections and mortalities with a lesser extent also PM10. A significant correlation has been found between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality in some countries in the world. The available data also indicate that exposure to air pollution may influence COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, exposure to air pollution may increase vulnerability and have harmful effects on the prognosis of patients affected by COVID-19 infections. Further research should be conducted considering some potential confounders such as age and pre-existing medical conditions along with exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and other air pollutants to confirm their detrimental effects on mortalities from COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effect on the Elderly: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maimoona Nadri ◽  
Ujala Zubair
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In 2019, the world experienced a global public health concern when the novel coronavirus originated from China and affected around fifty-seven thousand people around the world by March 2020. The quick rise in the number of cases and the death toll overwhelmed the scientific and medical community. While all the focus was driven towards finding the epidemiology, the treatment and the management, the mental health aspect of the quarantine was being overlooked. The purpose of this review is to create awareness about the long-term consequences of quarantine, with the focus on the elderly community in Pakistan. 

scholarly journals Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Coffee: Threads and Solutions—A Mini-Review

Beverages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Roasted Coffee ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
The World ◽  
Roasted Coffee Beans

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread bioactive extrolite from secondary metabolism of fungi which presence in foods like coffee is of public health concern, particularly for heavy drinkers. Coffee is one of the most consumed and appreciated non-alcoholic beverage in the world. Its production from the plantation to the coffee cup involves several steps that would determine the final concentration of OTA in the beverage. This review gives an overview of OTA contamination in roasted coffee beans in different countries and mitigation strategies for OTA reduction.

Cystic echinococcosis of the interventricular septum: a rare clinical presentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1515-1516
Author(s):  
Erkan İriz ◽  
Semih Yaylı ◽  
Serdar Kula
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World

AbstractCystic echinococcosis caused by infection with the larvae form of Echinococcus granulosus remains highly endemic and constitutes a public health concern in some regions of the world. In this case report, we present a rare children case of interventricular hydatid cyst with a size of approximately 5 cm and its successful treatment.

Recognizing a Public Health Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Gordon Braxton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Violent Men

There is an epidemic of violence in America, but boys are trained to sit on the sidelines. This chapter introduces the reader to key definitions, such as sexual violence, as well as key concepts, such as consent and rape culture. It provides the scope of the identified violence and situates sexual violence as a public health concern. The chapter further explains why boys and men should care about this violence even though they are trained to ignore it. Boys, after all, know survivors and are survivors themselves in many cases. Boys are also positioned to reach other boys who possess problematic attitudes and behaviors. All violent men were once boys learning the ways of the world. Taken altogether, this chapter inspires readers to hold overdue conversations with boys about how they can help.

scholarly journals Hepatoepigenetic Alterations in Viral and Nonviral-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mankgopo M. Kgatle ◽  
Mashiko Setshedi ◽  
Henry N. Hairwadzi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatic Cirrhosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Selective Advantage ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Treatment Development ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Tumour Initiation

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of tumour-related deaths worldwide. Extensive evidence endorses that HCC is a multifactorial disease characterised by hepatic cirrhosis mostly associated with chronic inflammation and hepatitis B/C viral infections. Interaction of viral products with the host cell machinery may lead to increased frequency of genetic and epigenetic aberrations that cause harmful alterations in gene transcription. This may provide a progressive selective advantage for neoplastic transformation of hepatocytes associated with phenotypic heterogeneity of intratumour HCC cells, thus posing even more challenges in HCC treatment development. Epigenetic aberrations involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding miRNA dysregulation have been shown to be intimately linked with and play a critical role in tumour initiation, progression, and metastases. The current review focuses on the aberrant hepatoepigenetics events that play important roles in hepatocarcinogenesis and their utilities in the development of HCC therapy.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and suicide: when crises collide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Clyde G Corpuz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Sectoral Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Even before the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 COVID-19 pandemic, suicide continued to be a major public health concern. Globally, someone dies by suicide every 40 s, and for each death, there are 20 more persons attempting suicide. A recently published article rightly stated the need for a ‘population-based approach’ to suicide prevention to mitigate suicide attempts. This paper further adds that there must be a stronger multi-agency or multi-sectoral approach to suicide prevention, intervention and postvention. This paper concludes with few suggestions on how to address the COVID-19-related suicide cases as the world continues to fight against the double pandemic.

scholarly journals Determinants of Alcohol Consumption among Medical Students: Results from POLLEK Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5872
Author(s):  
Maksymilian Gajda ◽  
Katarzyna Sedlaczek ◽  
Szymon Szemik ◽  
Małgorzata Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Psychoactive Substance ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Psychoactive Substance Use

Background: The use of alcohol is a serious public health concern all over the world, especially among young people, including students. Medical students are often exposed to higher levels of distress, which may lead to a higher prevalence of psychoactive substance use and psychiatric co-morbidities. Alcohol abuse can be one of the detrimental methods of coping with distress. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of alcohol use among medical students in Poland. Methods: We analyzed data from the POLLEK cohort study on alcohol consumption and possible influencing factors. Results: Among the 540 students included, 167 (30.9%) were hazardous drinkers (HAZ) according to the AUDIT test. The main identified risk factors of hazardous/harmful drinking were male gender and smoking cigarettes. Conclusions: Given the fairly widespread alcohol abuse among medical students, it is necessary to implement screening (and intervention in the next stage) programs in these groups.

scholarly journals A Review on Chemistry of Anti-malarials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Different Parts

Malaria remains an important public health concern in countries where transmission occurs regularly, as well as in temperate areas and it is a major global health problem, with an estimated 500 million clinical cases occurring annually. Malaria is a complex disease that varies widely in epidemiology and clinical manifestation in different parts of the world. The most prevalent and dangerous type of malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. P. vivax is a common cause of malaria in Latin America, Asia, and Oceania, but not Africa. P. malaria and P. ovale are much less common. Antimalarials are used in three different ways: prophylaxis, treatment of falciparum malaria, and treatment of non-falciparum malaria. Prophylactic antimalarials are used almost exclusively by travelers from developed countries who are visiting malaria-endemic countries. Keywords: Malaria, antimalarial drugs, plasmodium.

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