scholarly journals A Review on Chemistry of Anti-malarials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Different Parts

Malaria remains an important public health concern in countries where transmission occurs regularly, as well as in temperate areas and it is a major global health problem, with an estimated 500 million clinical cases occurring annually. Malaria is a complex disease that varies widely in epidemiology and clinical manifestation in different parts of the world. The most prevalent and dangerous type of malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum. P. vivax is a common cause of malaria in Latin America, Asia, and Oceania, but not Africa. P. malaria and P. ovale are much less common. Antimalarials are used in three different ways: prophylaxis, treatment of falciparum malaria, and treatment of non-falciparum malaria. Prophylactic antimalarials are used almost exclusively by travelers from developed countries who are visiting malaria-endemic countries. Keywords: Malaria, antimalarial drugs, plasmodium.

Phthalimide Analogs for Antimalarial Drug Discovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Bansal ◽  
Charu Upadhyay ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Brijesh Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Major Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening

Malaria remains as one of the most life-threatening diseases and thus major public health concern all around the world. The disease becomes devastating if not treated with proper medication on...

scholarly journals Profile of Hand Surgery Cases at Kirtipur Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Bikash Karki ◽  
Kiran Nakarmi ◽  
Mangal Gharti Magar ◽  
Krishna Nagarkoti ◽  
Shankar Man Rai
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Reconstructive Surgery ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hand Trauma ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Male Preponderance

Background: There can be multiple hand problems with which patients can present. Such hand problems can be because of any kind of trauma, birth defects, tumours, infection or other conditions. Hand surgery is a special field of plastic surgery, which deals with these hand problems. The Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery of Kirtipur Hospital run by Public Health Concern Trust-Nepal has been providing hand surgery service to the patients with these hand problems.Aim of Study: To analyse the various types of surgical hand problems in patients attending Kirtipur Hospital.Material and Methods: It is a cross sectional retrospective  observational study of the patients with different hand problems done at the Department of Burns, Plastic & Reconstructive surgery of Kirtipur Hospital from January to December 2016.Results: There were 124 patients who presented with various hand problems. There was male preponderance and the most common age group affected was between 15-60 years. Hand trauma was the most common cause of hand problems followed by post burn contractures.Conclusion: Hand is a complicated organ which can give rise to various problems. Hand surgery is an essential component of reconstructive surgery to deal with these problems. JNGMC,  Vol. 14 No. 2 December 2016, Page: 41-43

scholarly journals Rubella Virus Replication and Links to Teratogenicity

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Yee Lee ◽  
D. Scott Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Rubella Virus ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

SUMMARY Rubella virus (RV) is the causative agent of the disease known more popularly as German measles. Rubella is predominantly a childhood disease and is endemic throughout the world. Natural infections of rubella occur only in humans and are generally mild. Complications of rubella infection, most commonly polyarthralgia in adult women, do exist; occasionally more serious sequelae occur. However, the primary public health concern of RV infection is its teratogenicity. RV infection of women during the first trimester of pregnancy can induce a spectrum of congenital defects in the newborn, known as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The development of vaccines and implementation of vaccination strategies have substantially reduced the incidence of disease and in turn of CRS in developed countries. The pathway whereby RV infection leads to teratogenesis has not been elucidated, but the cytopathology in infected fetal tissues suggests necrosis and/or apoptosis as well as inhibition of cell division of critical precursor cells involved in organogenesis. In cell culture, a number of unusual features of RV replication have been observed, including mitochondrial abnormalities, and disruption of the cytoskeleton; these manifestations are most probably linked and play some role in RV teratogenesis. Further understanding of the mechanism of RV teratogenesis will be brought about by the investigation of RV replication and virus-host interactions.

scholarly journals Integrated Diabetic Clinic in a Rural Hospital of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Niresh Thapa ◽  
Muna Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Diabetic Clinic

Diabetes is an important public health concern which is increasing rapidly in developing countries. It is challenging to prevent and manage diabetes in a rural setting. The Integrated Diabetic Clinic is comprehensive diabetes care under one roof. Its aim is to provide efficient accessible and affordable comprehensive care. It will make a huge difference in the management of diabetes. This clinic will play a major role in unifying different aspects of health care under one roof and offer the most comprehensive and cost-effective accessible health care to minimize mortality and morbidity associated with diabetes.

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality—A Review on Recent Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurshad Ali ◽  
Farjana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a serious public health concern worldwide. Although, most of the regions around the globe have been affected by COVID-19 infections; some regions are more badly affected in terms of infections and fatality rates than others. The exact reasons for such variations are not clear yet. This review discussed the possible effects of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and mortality based on some recent evidence. The findings of most studies reviewed here demonstrate that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution especially PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may contribute significantly to higher rates of COVID-19 infections and mortalities with a lesser extent also PM10. A significant correlation has been found between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality in some countries in the world. The available data also indicate that exposure to air pollution may influence COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, exposure to air pollution may increase vulnerability and have harmful effects on the prognosis of patients affected by COVID-19 infections. Further research should be conducted considering some potential confounders such as age and pre-existing medical conditions along with exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and other air pollutants to confirm their detrimental effects on mortalities from COVID-19.

scholarly journals The Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effect on the Elderly: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maimoona Nadri ◽  
Ujala Zubair
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In 2019, the world experienced a global public health concern when the novel coronavirus originated from China and affected around fifty-seven thousand people around the world by March 2020. The quick rise in the number of cases and the death toll overwhelmed the scientific and medical community. While all the focus was driven towards finding the epidemiology, the treatment and the management, the mental health aspect of the quarantine was being overlooked. The purpose of this review is to create awareness about the long-term consequences of quarantine, with the focus on the elderly community in Pakistan. 

scholarly journals Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Coffee: Threads and Solutions—A Mini-Review

Beverages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Roasted Coffee ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
The World ◽  
Roasted Coffee Beans

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widespread bioactive extrolite from secondary metabolism of fungi which presence in foods like coffee is of public health concern, particularly for heavy drinkers. Coffee is one of the most consumed and appreciated non-alcoholic beverage in the world. Its production from the plantation to the coffee cup involves several steps that would determine the final concentration of OTA in the beverage. This review gives an overview of OTA contamination in roasted coffee beans in different countries and mitigation strategies for OTA reduction.

Cystic echinococcosis of the interventricular septum: a rare clinical presentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1515-1516
Author(s):  
Erkan İriz ◽  
Semih Yaylı ◽  
Serdar Kula
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Echinococcus Granulosus ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World

AbstractCystic echinococcosis caused by infection with the larvae form of Echinococcus granulosus remains highly endemic and constitutes a public health concern in some regions of the world. In this case report, we present a rare children case of interventricular hydatid cyst with a size of approximately 5 cm and its successful treatment.

Recognizing a Public Health Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Gordon Braxton
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Violent Men

There is an epidemic of violence in America, but boys are trained to sit on the sidelines. This chapter introduces the reader to key definitions, such as sexual violence, as well as key concepts, such as consent and rape culture. It provides the scope of the identified violence and situates sexual violence as a public health concern. The chapter further explains why boys and men should care about this violence even though they are trained to ignore it. Boys, after all, know survivors and are survivors themselves in many cases. Boys are also positioned to reach other boys who possess problematic attitudes and behaviors. All violent men were once boys learning the ways of the world. Taken altogether, this chapter inspires readers to hold overdue conversations with boys about how they can help.

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