scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Presence of Genes Encoding Virulence Factors in Strains Isolated from the Pharmaceutical Production Environment

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ratajczak ◽  
Dorota Kaminska ◽  
Jolanta Dlugaszewska ◽  
Marzena Gajecka
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pharmaceutical Production

The spread of bacterial resistance to antibiotics affects various areas of life. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other bacteria mainly from orders Enterobacterales and Staphylococcus in the pharmaceutical production sites, and to characterize isolated strains in the aspects of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and presence of genes encoding virulence factors. Genes encoding selected virulence factors were detected using PCR techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was applied in accordance with the EUCAST recommendations. A total of 46 P. aeruginosa strains were isolated and 85% strains showed a strong biofilm-forming ability. The qualitative identification of genes taking part in Quorum Sensing system demonstrated that over 89% of strains contained lasR and rhlI genes. An antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed nine strains resistant to at least one antibiotic, and two isolates were the metallo-β-lactamase producers. Moreover, the majority of P. aeruginosa strains contained genes encoding various virulence factors. Presence of even low level of pathogenic microorganisms or higher level of opportunistic pathogens and their toxic metabolites might result in the production inefficiency. Therefore, the prevention of microbial contamination, effectiveness of sanitary and hygienic applied protocols, and constant microbiological monitoring of the environment are of great importance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Prevalence and Trends in Patients Infected with Helicobacter pylori in the Period 2013–2020: Results of the European Registry on H. pylori Management (Hp-EuReg)

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Luis Bujanda ◽  
Olga P. Nyssen ◽  
Dino Vaira ◽  
Ilaria M. Saracino ◽  
Giulia Fiorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Metronidazole Resistance ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
European Registry

Background: Bacterial antibiotic resistance changes over time depending on multiple factors; therefore, it is essential to monitor the susceptibility trends to reduce the resistance impact on the effectiveness of various treatments. Objective: To conduct a time-trend analysis of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Europe. Methods: The international prospective European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management (Hp-EuReg) collected data on all infected adult patients diagnosed with culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing positive results that were registered at AEG-REDCap e-CRF until December 2020. Results: Overall, 41,562 patients were included in the Hp-EuReg. Culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed on gastric biopsies of 3974 (9.5%) patients, of whom 2852 (7%) were naive cases included for analysis. The number of positive cultures decreased by 35% from the period 2013–2016 to 2017–2020. Concerning naïve patients, no antibiotic resistance was found in 48% of the cases. The most frequent resistances were reported against metronidazole (30%), clarithromycin (25%), and levofloxacin (20%), whereas resistances to tetracycline and amoxicillin were below 1%. Dual and triple resistances were found in 13% and 6% of the cases, respectively. A decrease (p < 0.001) in the metronidazole resistance rate was observed between the 2013–2016 (33%) and 2017–2020 (24%) periods. Conclusion: Culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for Helicobacter pylori are scarcely performed (<10%) in Europe. In naïve patients, Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin remained above 15% throughout the period 2013–2020 and resistance to levofloxacin, as well as dual or triple resistances, were high. A progressive decrease in metronidazole resistance was observed.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolates from Hospital Wastewater Compared to Community Wastewater

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3449
Author(s):  
Cristina-Mirabela Gaşpar ◽  
Ludovic Toma Cziszter ◽  
Cristian Florin Lăzărescu ◽  
Ioan Ţibru ◽  
Marius Pentea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli

This study aimed to compare the antibiotic resistance levels of the indicator bacteria Escherichia coli in wastewater samples collected from two hospitals and two urban communities. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 81 E. coli isolates (47 from hospitals and 34 from communities) using the disc diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) methodology. Ten antibiotics from nine different classes were chosen. The strains isolated from the community wastewater, compared to those from the hospital wastewater, were not resistant to gentamicin (p = 0.03), but they showed a significantly higher susceptibility—increased exposure to ceftazidime (p = 0.001). Multidrug resistance was observed in 85.11% of the hospital wastewater isolates and 73.53% of the community isolates (p > 0.05). The frequency of the presumed carbapenemase-producing E. coli was higher among the community isolates (76.47% compared to 68.09%) (p > 0.05), whereas the frequency of the presumed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli was higher among the hospital isolates (21.28% compared to 5.88%) (p > 0.05). The antibiotic resistance rates were high in both the hospital and community wastewaters, with very few significant differences between them, so the community outlet might be a source of resistant bacteria that is at least as important as the well-recognised hospitals.

scholarly journals Antimikrobiyal Aktivitenin Belirlenmesinde Cross-Streak Metodu Kullanımı

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ersal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
The Cross

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be used for prediction of therapeutic results, epidemiology and drug discovery. Microbial infections are an important problem which have developed resistance towards antimicrobial agents. Otherwise, efficacy of these agents is considerable with treatment failures associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria and it has become a global concern to public health. Therefore, explore the new antimicrobial agents and widely use of antimicrobial susceptibility need to be developed. There are many techniques for the determination of antimicrobial activity. Many of these techniques, which are applied to inhibit sensitive microorganisms, are based on diffusion-related methods in the solid or semi-solid production environment. Cross-streak among these techniques is an easy technique that allows for relatively rapid screening of cultures in research for the discovery of the new antibiotics. However, the biggest disadvantage of the Cross-streak test is the difficulty in obtaining quantitative data. Because the edges of the inhibition zone are usually very fuzzy and unclear. Some antimicrobial susceptibility testing techniques were standardized by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) to determine the striking steps in this area. This testing procedure requires the use of specific test conditions and methods. In addition, the medium, incubation conditions and time are among these requirements. It is important to understand and develop the Cross-streak method from the currently used activity determination methods.

scholarly journals Quinolone Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates in Germany

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Glocker ◽  
Hans-Peter Stueger ◽  
Manfred Kist
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACT We show that quinolone resistance in Helicobacter pylori has reached an alarming level in Germany. Our data suggest that the use of quinolones requires prior antimicrobial susceptibility testing, especially for isolates from patients who have already undergone previous unsuccessful eradication treatments, and also underline the further need for surveillance studies to monitor antibiotic resistance in H. pylori.

Pretreatment antimicrobial susceptibility testing is cost saving in the eradication of

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Romano ◽  
Riccardo Marmo ◽  
Antonio Cuomo ◽  
Teresa De Simone ◽  
Caterina Mucherino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

NGHIÊN CỨU SỰ NHẠY CẢM VỚI KHÁNG SINH CỦA MỘT SỐ CHỦNG VI KHUẨN GÂY VIÊM ĐƯỜNG HÔ HẤP CẤP Ở TRẺ EM DƯỚI 6 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI THANH HÓA 2009 - 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoai Do Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Isolation Rate

From 43.574 fluid nasopharynx speciments of  the chidren inpatient under six we isolated total 21.769 types bacteria with isolation rate : 49.95%. In which the highest isolation rate for H. influenza, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis were 13,94%; 7,11%; 1,43% respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing shown all the types of  for H. influenza, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis good susses to Fosphomycine, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis good susses to Imipenem, H. influenza good susses to Azithromycine, S. pneumoniae good susses to Penicilline and Piperacilline, M. catarrhalis good susses to Tobramycine and Ofloxacine. All of  H. influenza, S. pneumoniae and M. catarrhalis were reported resistance to Tri/Sulpha, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycine in high rate.

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