scholarly journals Current State and Promising Opportunities on Pharmaceutical Approaches in the Treatment of Polymicrobial Diseases

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sartini Sartini ◽  
Andi Dian Permana ◽  
Saikat Mitra ◽  
Abu Montakim Tareq ◽  
Emil Salim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Current State ◽  
Delivery Strategies

In recent years, the emergence of newly identified acute and chronic infectious disorders caused by diverse combinations of pathogens, termed polymicrobial diseases, has had catastrophic consequences for humans. Antimicrobial agents have been clinically proven to be effective in the pharmacological treatment of polymicrobial diseases. Unfortunately, an increasing trend in the emergence of multi-drug-resistant pathogens and limited options for delivery of antimicrobial drugs might seriously impact humans’ efforts to combat polymicrobial diseases in the coming decades. New antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism(s) of action and new pharmaceutical formulations or delivery systems to target infected sites are urgently required. In this review, we discuss the prospective use of novel antimicrobial compounds isolated from natural products to treat polymicrobial infections, mainly via mechanisms related to inhibition of biofilm formation. Drug-delivery systems developed to deliver antimicrobial compounds to both intracellular and extracellular pathogens are discussed. We further discuss the effectiveness of several biofilm-targeted delivery strategies to eliminate polymicrobial biofilms. At the end, we review the applications and promising opportunities for various drug-delivery systems, when compared to conventional antimicrobial therapy, as a pharmacological means to treat polymicrobial diseases.

Development of Drug Targeting and Delivery in Cervical Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 792-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urvashi Aggarwal ◽  
Amit Kumar Goyal ◽  
Goutam Rath
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery Strategies

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Standard treatment options available for cervical cancer include chemotherapy, surgery and radiation therapy associated with their own side effects and toxicities. Tumor-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs is perhaps one of the most appropriate strategies to achieve optimal outcomes from the treatment and improve the quality of life. Recently nanocarriers based drug delivery systems owing to their unique properties have been extensively investigated for anticancer drug delivery. In addition to that addressing the anatomical significance of cervical cancer, various local drug delivery strategies for the cancer treatment are introduced like: gels, nanoparticles, polymeric films, rods and wafers, lipid based nanocarrier. Localized drug delivery systems allow passive drug targeting results in high drug concentration at the target site. Further they can be tailor made to achieve both sustained and controlled release behavior, substantially improving therapeutic outcomes and minimizing side effects. This review summarizes the meaningful advances in drug delivery strategies to treat cervical cancer.

scholarly journals The use of long-acting drugs for the treatment of periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Yu. Sulim ◽  
◽  
O. Petrishin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Resume. The most common and universal method of treating periodontitis is periodontal pocket curettage and root surface smoothing (SRP), after which it is important to prevent re-infection of the pocket. For this purpose, antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs are prescribed. For many years, periodontists have used the systemic administration of high doses of antibiotics during and after the completion of SRP in order to achieve the desired concentration of the drug in the gingival fluid. Such tactics often led to organic complications. In recent years, the method of introducing antimicrobial agents immobilized on natural or synthetic polymers directly into the periodontal pocket has become widespread. Such compositions slowly dissolve on the spot and eventually release the desired drug component. The study analyzes the publications of recent years on the use of controlled release systems of drugs injected into the periodontal pocket. The most common problems that may arise during the application of this method of treatment are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of using such systems are indicated. The indications and contraindications for the use of controlled drug delivery systems are considered, data on their comparative clinical efficacy are given. The main dosage forms used for introduction into the periodontal pocket are described, the drugs registered and sold in Ukraine are listed and the data on their therapeutic efficacy. The future prospects of application of this method in periodontology are also considered in the work. Key words: periodontitis treatment, controlled local drug delivery systems, dental gels and films.

Biosurfactants as a Novel Additive in Pharmaceutical Formulations: Current Trends and Future Implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 885-901
Author(s):  
Shubham Thakur ◽  
Amrinder Singh ◽  
Ritika Sharma ◽  
Rohan Aurora ◽  
Subheet Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Surface Active Agents ◽  
Regulatory Status ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
High Production Cost ◽  
New Generation

Background: Surfactants are an important category of additives that are used widely in most of the formulations as solubilizers, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. Current drug delivery systems comprise of numerous synthetic surfactants (such as Cremophor EL, polysorbate 80, Transcutol-P), which are associated with several side effects though used in many formulations. Therefore, to attenuate the problems associated with conventional surfactants, a new generation of surface-active agents is obtained from the metabolites of fungi, yeast, and bacteria, which are termed as biosurfactants. Objectives: In this article, we critically analyze the different types of biosurfactants, their origin along with their chemical and physical properties, advantages, drawbacks, regulatory status, and detailed pharmaceutical applications. Methods: 243 papers were reviewed and included in this review. Results: Briefly, Biosurfactants are classified as glycolipids, rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, trehalolipids, surfactin, lipopeptides & lipoproteins, lichenysin, fatty acids, phospholipids, and polymeric biosurfactants. These are amphiphilic biomolecules with lipophilic and hydrophilic ends and are used as drug delivery vehicles (foaming, solubilizer, detergent, and emulsifier) in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite additives, they have some biological activity as well (anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-microbial, P-gp inhibition, etc.). These biomolecules possess better safety profiles and are biocompatible, biodegradable, and specific at different temperatures. Conclusion: Biosurfactants exhibit good biomedicine and additive properties that can be used in developing novel drug delivery systems. However, more research should be driven due to the lack of comprehensive toxicity testing and high production cost which limits their use.

Improved Therapeutic Efficacy of Topotecan Against A549 Lung Cancer Cells with Folate-targeted Topotecan Liposomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 902-909
Author(s):  
Jingxin Zhang ◽  
Weiyue Shi ◽  
Gangqiang Xue ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Haixin Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Lung Cancer Cells

Background: Among all cancers, lung cancer has high mortality among patients in most of the countries in the world. Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs can significantly reduce the side effects and dramatically improve the effects of the treatment. Folate, a suitable ligand, can be modified to the surface of tumor-selective drug delivery systems because it can selectively bind to the folate receptor, which is highly expressed on the surface of lung tumor cells. Objective: This study aimed to construct a kind of folate-targeted topotecan liposomes for investigating their efficacy and mechanism of action in the treatment of lung cancer in preclinical models. Methods: We conjugated topotecan liposomes with folate, and the liposomes were characterized by particle size, entrapment efficiency, cytotoxicity to A549 cells and in vitro release profile. Technical evaluations were performed on lung cancer A549 cells and xenografted A549 cancer cells in female nude mice, and the pharmacokinetics of the drug were evaluated in female SD rats. Results: The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes were proven to show effectiveness in targeting lung tumors. The anti-tumor effects of these liposomes were demonstrated by the decreased tumor volume and improved therapeutic efficacy. The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes also lengthened the topotecan blood circulation time. Conclusion: The folate-targeted topotecan liposomes are effective drug delivery systems and can be easily modified with folate, enabling the targeted liposomes to deliver topotecan to lung cancer cells and kill them, which could be used as potential carriers for lung chemotherapy.

Role of novel drug delivery systems in coronavirus disease-2019 (covid-19): time to act now

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Mittal ◽  
Varun Garg ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Bhadada ◽  
O. P. Katare
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Novel Drug

: The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has found its roots from Wuhan (China). COVID-19 is caused by a novel corona virus SARS-CoV2, previously named as 2019-nCoV. COVID-19 has spread across the globe and declared as pandemic by World health organization (WHO) on 11th March, 2020. Currently, there is no standard drug or vaccine available for the treatment, so repurposing of existing drugs is the only solution. Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) will be boon for the repurposing of drugs. The role of various NDDS in repurposing of existing drugs for treatment of various viral diseases and their relevance in COVID-19 has discussed in this paper. It focuses on the currently ongoing research in the implementation of NDDS in COVID-19. Moreover it describes the role of NDDS in vaccine development for COVID-19. This paper also emphasizes how NDDS will help to develop the improved delivery systems (dosage forms) of existing therapeutic agents and also explore the new insights to find out the void spaces for a potential targeted delivery. So in these tough times, NDDS and nanotechnology can be a safeguard to humanity.

Cancer Nanotechnology-An Excursion on Drug Delivery Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 2078-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala Sharma ◽  
Chitranshu Pandey ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Mohammad A. Kamal ◽  
Usman Sayeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier ◽  
Nanodrug Delivery ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Drug Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Nanotechnology

Background: Nanotechnology pictures a breakthrough in the domain of cancer therapy owing to its novel properties and functions. This technology is quite amendable as it allows the scientists to engineer drug nanoparticles of dimensions 10nm – 500nm permitting them to pass via leaky vasculature of tumorigenic microenvironment with higher specificity, reduced cytotoxicity and effective release without any after effects. The central part of the review zooms onto the role of nanoparticles and their targeted delivery for the cure of cancer. Methods: The novel and various versatile nanoparticle platforms viz. polymeric (drug-conjugates, micelles, dendrimers), Lipid-based (liposomes, solid nanoparticle, nanostructured lipid carrier, lipid-polymer hybrid), and stimuli-sensitive (thermoresponsive, ultrasound, pH-responsive, hydrogel) etc. have been designed for a persistent, précised nanodrug delivery and the co-delivery of collegial drug conjugates leading to the formation of safer release of myriad of drugs for cancer chemoprevention. Results: The review concerns about tracing and detailing the drug delivery systems of cancer nanotechnology. Conclusion: Nanotechnology is bestowed with the design, depiction, fabrication, and application of nanostructures, and devices with their controlled delivery together with the imaging of the selected target site and drug release at the specific site of action.

scholarly journals Mechanisms and Pharmaceutical Action of Lipid Nanoformulation of Natural Bioactive Compounds as Efficient Delivery Systems in the Therapy of Osteoarthritis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Oana Craciunescu ◽  
Madalina Icriverzi ◽  
Paula Ecaterina Florian ◽  
Anca Roseanu ◽  
Mihaela Trif
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Immune System Activation

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. An objective of the nanomedicine and drug delivery systems field is to design suitable pharmaceutical nanocarriers with controllable properties for drug delivery and site-specific targeting, in order to achieve greater efficacy and minimal toxicity, compared to the conventional drugs. The aim of this review is to present recent data on natural bioactive compounds with anti-inflammatory properties and efficacy in the treatment of OA, their formulation in lipid nanostructured carriers, mainly liposomes, as controlled release systems and the possibility to be intra-articularly (IA) administered. The literature regarding glycosaminoglycans, proteins, polyphenols and their ability to modify the cell response and mechanisms of action in different models of inflammation are reviewed. The advantages and limits of using lipid nanoformulations as drug delivery systems in OA treatment and the suitable route of administration are also discussed. Liposomes containing glycosaminoglycans presented good biocompatibility, lack of immune system activation, targeted delivery of bioactive compounds to the site of action, protection and efficiency of the encapsulated material, and prolonged duration of action, being highly recommended as controlled delivery systems in OA therapy through IA administration. Lipid nanoformulations of polyphenols were tested both in vivo and in vitro models that mimic OA conditions after IA or other routes of administration, recommending their clinical application.

Eudragit, a Nifty Polymer for Anticancer Preparations: A Patent Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kriplani ◽  
Kumar Guarve
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Methacrylic Acid ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ionic Polymers ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Patent Review ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

Background: Polymers are the backbone of modern pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery technologies. Polymers that may be natural, synthetic, or semisynthetic are used to control the release of drugs in a pre-programmed fashion. The drug delivery systems are mainly prepared to enhance the bioavailability, site-specific release, sustained release, controlled release, i.e., to modify the release of drug from dosage form may be a tablet, capsule, etc. Objective: The objective of the present study is to overview the recent patents concerning the application of eudragit in the prevention of cancer and other ailments. Eudragit polymers are polymethacrylates and may be anionic, cationic, or non-ionic polymers of methacrylic acid, dimethyl-aminoethyl methacrylates, and methacrylic acid esters in varying ratios. Eudragit is available in various grades with solubilities at different pH, thus helping the formulators design the preparation to have a well-defined release pattern. Method: In this review, patent applications of eudragit in various drug delivery systems employed to cure mainly cancer are covered. Results : Eudragit has proved its potential as a polymer to control the release of drugs as coating polymer and formation of the matrix in various delivery systems. It can increase the bioavailability of the drug by site-specific drug delivery and can reduce the side effects/toxicity associated with anticancer drugs. Conclusion: The potential of eudragit to carry the drug may unclutter novel ways for therapeutic intercessions in various tumors.

scholarly journals Natural Diatom Biosilica as Microshuttles in Drug Delivery Systems

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Delasoie ◽  
Fabio Zobi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Biophysical Properties ◽  
Toxic Material ◽  
Highly Porous

Unicellular diatom microalgae are a promising natural resource of porous biosilica. These microorganisms produce around their membrane a highly porous and extremely structured silica shell called frustule. Once harvested from living algae or from fossil sediments of diatomaceous earth, this biocompatible and non-toxic material offers an exceptional potential in the field of micro/nano-devices, drug delivery, theranostics, and other medical applications. The present review focused on the use of diatoms in the field of drug delivery systems, with the aim of presenting the different strategies implemented to improve the biophysical properties of this biosilica in terms of drug loading and release efficiency, targeted delivery, or site-specific binding capacity by surface functionalization. The development of composite materials involving diatoms for drug delivery applications is also described.

scholarly journals Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns as Promising Nanotube-Derived Delivery Systems to Treat Cancer

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alazne Moreno-Lanceta ◽  
Mireia Medrano-Bosch ◽  
Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Carbon Nanohorns ◽  
Single Walled Carbon

Cancer has become one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, with increasing incidence in recent years. Current pharmacological strategies are not tissue-specific therapies, which hampers their efficacy and results in toxicity in healthy organs. Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as promising nanoplatforms for the development of targeted delivery systems to treat diseased cells. Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWCNH) are graphene-based horn-shaped nanostructure aggregates with a multitude of versatile features to be considered as suitable nanosystems for targeted drug delivery. They can be easily synthetized and functionalized to acquire the desired physicochemical characteristics, and no toxicological effects have been reported in vivo followed by their administration. This review focuses on the use of SWCNH as drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Their main applications include their capacity to act as anticancer agents, their use as drug delivery systems for chemotherapeutics, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, and immunosensing. The structure, synthesis, and covalent and non-covalent functionalization of these nanoparticles is also discussed. Although SWCNH are in early preclinical research yet, these nanotube-derived nanostructures demonstrate an interesting versatility pointing them out as promising forthcoming drug delivery systems to target and treat cancer cells.

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