scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worm Protective and Diagnostic Proteins in n-Butanol Extracts Revealed by Proteomic Analysis

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Guidenn Sulbarán ◽  
Giovani C. Verissimo da Costa ◽  
Sandra Losada ◽  
José M. Peralta ◽  
Italo M. Cesari
Keyword(s):  
Adult Worm ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Schistosomiasis Control ◽  
Butanol Extract ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Host Parasite

The S. mansoni adult worm n-butanol extract (Sm-AWBE) has been previously shown to contain specific S. mansoni antigens that have been used for immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis in solid phase alkaline phosphatase immunoassay (APIA) and western blot (WB) analyses. Sm-AWBE was also used in immunoprotection studies against a fatal live-cercariae challenge in experimental mouse vaccination (~43% protection). The Sm-AWBE fraction was prepared by mixing adult worm membranous suspensions with aqueous-saturated n-butanol, centrifuging and recovering n-butanol-resistant proteins in the aqueous phase. Here we report a preliminary identification of Sm-AWBE protein components as revealed from a qualitative proteomic study after processing Sm-AWBE by 1D-gel electrophoresis, in-gel and in-solution tryptic digestions, and mass spectrometry analyses. We identified 33 proteins in Sm-AWBE, all previously known S. mansoni proteins and antigens; among them, immunomodulatory proteins and proteins mostly involved in host–parasite interactions. About 81.8% of the identified Sm-AWBE proteins are antigenic. STRING analysis showed a set of Sm-AWBE proteins configuring a small network of interactive proteins and a group of proteins without interactions. Functional groups of proteins included muscle contraction, antioxidant, GPI-anchored phosphoesterases, regulatory 14-3-3, various enzymes and stress proteins. The results widen the possibilities to design novel antigen combinations for better diagnostic and immunoprotective strategies for schistosomiasis control.

Determination of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol and Florfenicol in Chinese Gelatin Medicines using Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Coupled with Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiong Li ◽  
Jinyan Gong ◽  
Haina Yuan ◽  
Gongnian Xiao ◽  
Hongqing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Protein Components

Abstract This study established a rapid and reliable method to determine chloramphenicol (CAP), thiamphenicol (TAP) and florfenicol (FF) residues in Chinese gelatin medicines. CAP, TAP and FF were extracted from medicine samples using 2% (v/v) ammonium hydroxide in acetonitrile. Trypsin was used to eliminate the matrix effect caused by protein components in gelatin medicines, whereas anhydrous sodium sulfate, C18-N and NH2-PSA adsorbents were applied to reduce matrix effect induced by other components. The analytical method of these drugs was optimized on ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS/MS) through the analysis of their standard linearity and regression. The optimized extraction and analytical method were validated in one Chinese gelatin medicine sample (Colla corii asini, E Jiao) with three fortification levels (2, 5 and 10 μg/kg), and the recoveries of these drug residues ranged of 87.6–102.7%. The limit of detection and quantification of CAP, TAP and FF in the sample were 0.2 and 0.5 μg/kg, 0.4 and 1.5 μg/kg, and 0.5 and 1.5 μg/kg, respectively. A total of 30 Chinese gelatin medicine samples were analyzed using the established method. No drug residues were found in these samples except for one Testudinis Carapacis et Plastri (1.67 μg/kg FF) and one turtle shell glue (2.55 μg/kg FF).

Insight into the host–parasite interplay by proteomic study of host proteins copurified with the human parasite,Schistosoma japonicum

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Liu ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Shu-Jian Cui ◽  
Ming Chi ◽  
Cai-Yun Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Human Parasite ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Touching the Surface: Diverse Roles for the Flagellar Membrane in Kinetoplastid Parasites

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felice D. Kelly ◽  
Marco A. Sanchez ◽  
Scott M. Landfear
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Flagellar Membrane ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARY While flagella have been studied extensively as motility organelles, with a focus on internal structures such as the axoneme, more recent research has illuminated the roles of the flagellar surface in a variety of biological processes. Parasitic protists of the order Kinetoplastida, which include trypanosomes and Leishmania species, provide a paradigm for probing the role of flagella in host-microbe interactions and illustrate that this interface between the flagellar surface and the host is of paramount importance. An increasing body of knowledge indicates that the flagellar membrane serves a multitude of functions at this interface: attachment of parasites to tissues within insect vectors, close interactions with intracellular organelles of vertebrate cells, transactions between flagella from different parasites, junctions between the flagella and the parasite cell body, emergence of nanotubes and exosomes from the parasite directed to either host or microbial targets, immune evasion, and sensing of the extracellular milieu. Recent whole-organelle or genome-wide studies have begun to identify protein components of the flagellar surface that must mediate these diverse host-parasite interactions. The increasing corpus of knowledge on kinetoplastid flagella will likely prove illuminating for other flagellated or ciliated pathogens as well.

The influence of sex and age on antibody isotype responses to Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum in human populations in Kenya and the Philippines

Parasitology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. WEBSTER ◽  
B. D. L. LIBRANDA-RAMIREZ ◽  
G. D. ALIGUI ◽  
R. M. OLVEDA ◽  
J. H. OUMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Adult Worm ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Antibody Isotype ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Geographical Locations

We have investigated the effects of host age and sex on human antibody isotype responses to Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum adult worm (AW) and soluble egg (SEA) antigens, using sera from subjects in Kenya and the Philippines. Similar trends with age were observed between the two populations despite host, parasite and environmental differences between the two geographical locations. IgE to AW increased with age, whereas most isotype responses to SEA decreased with age. IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 subclass responses to adult worm, however, did not show a broadly rising or falling pattern with age. Males were found to have higher IgG1, IgG4 and IgE to AW in both populations. This sex difference remained significant in the Kenyan population even after controlling statistically for confounding factors such as age and differences in intensity of infection. Analysis of S. mansoni and S. japonicum adult worm antigens reactive with IgE revealed a predominant 22 kDa band in both parasites. Only those individuals with relatively high IgE titres specifically reactive with S. mansoni or S. japonicum AW had detectable IgE against Sj22 or Sm22.

Preliminary Identification of ATP Compartment Associated Proteins On Erythrocyte Membrane.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 3019-3019
Author(s):  
Haiyan Chu ◽  
Joseph F. Hoffman ◽  
Philip S. Low
Keyword(s):  
Erythrocyte Membrane ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Junctional Complex ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Atp Pool ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

Abstract Abstract 3019 Poster Board II-995 A compartment/pool of ATP that is generated by glycolytic enzymes has been reported to exist on the erythrocyte membrane where it channels ATP directly to the Na+/K+-ATPase (Proverbio F and Hoffman JF. J. Gen. Physiol. 1977, 69:605-632. Mercer RW and Dunham PB. J. Gen. Physiol. 1981, 78:547-567). In order to identify the protein components enclosing this compartment of ATP, a photoactivatable probe, 8-azido-[αa-32P]ATP, was loaded into porous erythrocytes under conditions that fill the compartment with ATP, and the radiolabeled ATP was induced to label proximal proteins by illumination with UV light. Analysis of radiolabeled bands reveals that spectrin, adducin, protein 4.1, and actin constitute major components of the compartment. To further verify the involvement of these proteins in the ATP compartment, antibodies against the aforementioned proteins were pre-incubated with porous erythrocytes before attempting to load the compartment with ATP. Analysis of the efficiency of ATP loading in the presence of these blocking antibodies reveals that antibody binding prevents normal filling of the ATP pool. These findings confirm Hoffman's earlier hypothesis that a membrane-bound compartment of ATP exists. The data also suggest that the location of the compartment might reside at the junctional complex, and that the complex of enzymes that fill the ATP pool is different from the complex organized around band 3. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF COMPONENTS, DISSOLVED ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN NATURAL WATERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
V. V. Shabalin ◽  
◽  
T. S. Rogozhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Ring Structures ◽  
Protein Components

Introduction. Large urban agglomerations have to deal with issues related to the high-quality drinking water supply. These issues are mainly due to water quality deterioration, poor condition and severe wear of water supply infrastructure facilities. Materials and methods. In our study, we analyze the composition of drinking water in the water supply system of St. Petersburg for SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles and organic substances, including soluble proteins, protein components, and salts. For this purpose, we estimated the concentration and distribution of nanoparticles and organic impurities in the sediment formed after water evaporation from a sample in the form of a droplet. During the process, the following methods were used: the method for dehydration of water droplets with the formation of a solid phase, the methods for optical analysis of the sediment structure based on image analysis and recognition (photo and video recording of microscopic images), mathematical modeling of sediment structures’ formation, and statistical analysis of the results. Results. The presence of impurities in water was determined by the formation of periodic annular ring structures in sediments of aqueous solutions. The analysis of the structures obtained made it possible to determine the composition of the mixture and percentage content of individual fractions by the type of structural elements and their periodicity. We also developed a mathematical model simulating the processes of particle settling out of a solution. The calculations were carried out using model liquids and made it possible to obtain dependencies for the distribution of various dissolved particles in the structure of the solid phase, as well as to describe the staged mechanism in settling during its formation.

scholarly journals Schistosoma japonicum cathepsin B2 (SjCB2) facilitates parasite invasion through the skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e0008810
Author(s):  
Bingkuan Zhu ◽  
Fang Luo ◽  
Yi Shen ◽  
Wenbin Yang ◽  
Chengsong Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cysteine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Complement C3 ◽  
Invasion Process ◽  
Complement Protein ◽  
Protein Components ◽  
Host Parasite

Cercariae invasion of the human skin is the first step in schistosome infection. Proteases play key roles in this process. However, little is known about the related hydrolytic enzymes in Schistosoma japonicum. Here, we investigated the biochemical features, tissue distribution and biological roles of a cathepsin B cysteine protease, SjCB2, in the invasion process of S. japonicum cercariae. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that recombinant SjCB2 is a typical cysteine protease with optimum temperature and pH for activity at 37°C and 4.0, respectively, and can be totally inhibited by the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64. Immunoblotting showed that both the zymogen (50 kDa) and mature enzyme (30.5 kDa) forms of SjCB2 are expressed in the cercariae. It was observed that SjCB2 localized predominantly in the acetabular glands and their ducts of cercariae, suggesting that the protease could be released during the invasion process. The protease degraded collagen, elastin, keratin, fibronectin, immunoglobulin (A, G and M) and complement C3, protein components of the dermis and immune system. In addition, proteomic analysis demonstrated that SjCB2 can degrade the human epidermis. Furthermore, it was showed that anti-rSjCB2 IgG significantly reduced (22.94%) the ability of the cercariae to invade the skin. The cysteine protease, SjCB2, located in the acetabular glands and their ducts of S. japonicum cercariae. We propose that SjCB2 facilitates skin invasion by degrading the major proteins of the epidermis and dermis. However, this cysteine protease may play additional roles in host-parasite interaction by degrading immunoglobins and complement protein.

scholarly journals Echinococcus multilocularisand Its Intermediate Host: A Model of Parasite-Host Interplay

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Angèle Vuitton ◽  
Bruno Gottstein
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Experimental Mouse Model ◽  
Specific Antigens ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Carbohydrate Components ◽  
Host Parasite

Host-parasite interactions in theE. multilocularis-intermediate host model depend on a subtle balance between cellular immunity, which is responsible for host's resistance towards the metacestode, the larval stage of the parasite, and tolerance induction and maintenance. The pathological features of alveolar echinococcosis. the disease caused byE. multilocularis, are related both to parasitic growth and to host's immune response, leading to fibrosis and necrosis, The disease spectrum is clearly dependent on the genetic background of the host as well as on acquired disturbances of Th1-related immunity. The laminated layer of the metacestode, and especially its carbohydrate components, plays a major role in tolerance induction. Th2-type and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as nitric oxide, are involved in the maintenance of tolerance and partial inhibition of cytotoxic mechanisms. Results of studies in the experimental mouse model and in patients suggest that immune modulation with cytokines, such as interferon-α, or with specific antigens could be used in the future to treat patients with alveolar echinococcosis and/or to prevent this very severe parasitic disease.

Thomsen-Friedenreich oncofetal antigen inSchistosoma mansoni: localization and immunogenicity in experimental mouse infection

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. THORS ◽  
B. JANSSON ◽  
H. HELIN ◽  
E. LINDER
Keyword(s):  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
T Antigen ◽  
Gastric Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Host Parasite Interactions ◽  
Tumour Antigens ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Experimental Mouse ◽  
Bladder Carcinomas ◽  
Host Parasite

Our preliminary observation, that sera from schistosomiasis patients react with carcinomas, raised the possibility of antigenic cross-reactivity. We here extend this observation to show that mice experimentally infected withSchistosoma mansonireact with human urothelial and transitional bladder carcinomas and also with a gastric carcinoma cell line, AGS. To identify cross-reacting epitopes, we looked for the expression of carcinoma markers in schistosome worms and eggs using monoclonal antibodies against tumour antigens MUC1, Tn and TF (also known as the oncofetal Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen or T antigen). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the TF-epitope is present in adult intravascularS. mansoniworms and eggs deposited in tissues of infected animals. The localization of TF-immuno-reactive material in schistosomes was seen at the parasite surface between male and female worms and around trapped eggs in the liver. This localization is consistent with the antigen being secreted. Mice experimentally infected withS. mansoni, developed circulating antibodies against the TF-epitope (identified as Gal(beta1-3) GalNAc-O-R) as seen in ELISA using TF-expressing asialoglycophorin (AGP) as antigen. The observed anti-TF response inS. mansoni-infected mice reflects the complexity of host-parasite interactions in this infection.

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