scholarly journals Novel Cytoplasmic Bacteriocin Compounds Derived from Staphylococcus epidermidis Selectively Kill Staphylococcus aureus, Including Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
In-Taek Jang ◽  
Miso Yang ◽  
Hwa-Jung Kim ◽  
Jeong-Kyu Park
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the well-known agents causing atopic dermatitis (AD) in susceptible individuals, and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) produces class I thermostable bacteriocins that can selectively kill S. aureus, suggesting protective roles against AD. There is a large need for developing precise therapies only to target S. aureus and not to harm the beneficial microbiome. On the agar well diffusion assay, live planktonic S. epidermidis showed clear zones of inhibition of S. aureus growth, but heat-killed cells and cell-free supernatants did not show this. These results would lead us to hypothesize that cytoplasmic bacteriocin from S. epidermidis will be a promising agent to inhibit S. aureus growth. Therefore, we have extracted a novel thermolabile cytoplasmic bacteriocin from S. epidermidis using trichloroactic acid (TCA)/acetone precipitation method after cell lysis with a SDS-containing buffer. These bacteriocin selectively exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), presenting no active actions against S. epidermidis, E. coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium. The extracted cytoplasmic bacteriocin compounds revealed several diffuse bands of approximately 40–70 kDa by SDS-PAGE. These findings suggest that these cytoplasmic bacteriocin compounds would be a great potential means for S. aureus growth inhibition and topical AD treatment.

scholarly journals In-vitro antibacterial activity of the seed extract of three-member Artocarpus towards Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
Muhammad Evy Prastiyanto ◽  
Inas Hasna Azizah ◽  
Hafizha Dara Haqi ◽  
Bagus Dwi Yulianto ◽  
Aulia Bella Agmala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Biological Source ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Assay ◽  
Diffusion Assay ◽  
Seed Extracts

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have created a critical need for the development of natural antibacterials from a biological source. This research aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of the seed extract of three-member Artocarpus (Artocarpus heterophyllus, A. champeden, and A. camansi) against MRSA which are the most prevalent causes of infections in patients. Crude seed extracts of three-member Artocarpus were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against MRSA. The antibacterial activity against MRSA of the three extracts was assayed in vitro by the agar well diffusion assay and agar microdilution method and minimum bactericidal concentration. The antibacterial activity, calculated as a zone of inhibition and MIC, MBC values. The Crude seed extracts of three-member Artocarpus showed antibacterial activity against the MRSA in the agar well diffusion assay (1.5-9 mm inhibition diameter). The MIC value of extract showed at 15.62 mg/mL and the MBC value of seed extract of A. heterophyllus at 62.5 mg/mL, A. champeden at 31.25 mg/mL, A. camansi at 250 mg/mL. All seed extracts have the potential to be developed as antibacterial agents, particularly against MRSA strain. Studies on the antibacterial activity against MRSA can provide new information about the benefits seed of members of Artocarpus as a source of natural antibacterial.

Untersuchungen zur aeroben bakteriellen Besiedlung der Vaginalschleimhaut klinisch gesunder Kätzinnen

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (02) ◽  
pp. 88-91
Author(s):  
Susanne Kloß ◽  
A. Wehrend ◽  
Astrid König ◽  
H. Bostedt
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Klinische Relevanz ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius

Zusammenfassung: Gegenstand und Ziel: Im Gegensatz zur Hündin liegen bei der Katze bisher wenige Studien über die genitale Keimflora geschlechtsgesunder Tiere vor. Ziel der Untersuchung war daher, physiologische Daten über die aerobe Vaginalflora bei dieser Spezies zu gewinnen. Material und Methoden: Für die vorliegende Studie standen 26 gesunde, anöstrische Katzen zur Verfügung, die zu einer Ovariohysterektomie vorgestellt wurden. Nach einer klinischen Untersuchung wurden von allen Probanden unter sterilen Bedingungen Vaginaltupfer entnommen. Ergebnisse: In allen Proben konnte ein Bakterienwachstum mit durchschnittlich zwei verschiedenen Bakterienspezies nachgewiesen werden. Die Gesamtkeimgehalte wurden bei 50% der Vaginaltupferproben als gering-, bei 15% als mittel- und bei 35% als hochgradig beurteilt. Vorherrschend waren Mischkulturen aus zwei bis vier verschiedenen Keimarten. Monokulturen wurden aus 38% der Tupferproben isoliert. Am häufigsten gelang der Nachweis von E. coli variatio haemolytica (E. coli var. haem.) (58%) und Staphylococcus epidermidis (42%). Als weitere Spezies wurden E. coli, α-, β-hämolysierende Streptokokken, anhämolysierende Streptokokken, aerobe Bazillen, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Pasteurella multocida sowie Klebsiellen isoliert. Auffällig ist die hohe Nachweisrate von E. coli var. haem. mit 35% in Mischkulturen und 23% in Reinkultur. Schlussfolgerungen: Die physiologische Mikroflora der felinen Vaginalschleimhaut differiert deutlich von der der anöstrischen Hündin. Besonders die Dominanz von E. coli var. haem. in 38% der Mischkulturen und 23% der Monokulturen bei der Katze ist hervorzuheben. Klinische Relevanz: Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse geben eine erste Grundlage für die Interpretation mikrobiologischer Befunde feliner Vaginaltupfer.

scholarly journals The First Report of a Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolate Harboring Type IV SCCmec in Thailand

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Wichai Santimaleeworagun ◽  
Praewdow Preechachuawong ◽  
Wandee Samret ◽  
Tossawan Jitwasinkul
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is mostly found in Thailand in the hospital as a nosocomial pathogen. This study aimed to report the genetic characterization of a clinical community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolate collected from hospitalized patients in Thailand. Among 26 MRSA isolates, S. aureus no. S17 preliminarily displayed the presence of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV pattern. The bacterial genomic DNA was subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) production, virulence toxins, and antibiotic resistance genes were identified, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing were performed. The strain was matched by sequence to MLST type 2885 and spa type t13880. This strain carried type IV SCCmec with no PVL production. Five acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, namely blaZ, mecA, Inu(A), tet(K), and dfrG conferring resistance to β-lactams, lincosamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, were identified. The detected toxins were exfoliative toxin A, gamma-hemolysin, leukocidin D, and leukocidin E. Moreover, there were differences in seven regions in CR-MRSA no. S17 compared to CA-MRSA type 300. In summary, we have reported the ST2885-SCCmec IV CA-MRSA clinical strain in Thailand for the first time, highlighting the problem of methicillin resistance in community settings and the consideration in choosing appropriate antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Ceftobiprole Is Superior to Vancomycin, Daptomycin, and Linezolid for Treatment of Experimental Endocarditis in Rabbits Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 610-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tattevin ◽  
L. Basuino ◽  
D. Bauer ◽  
B. A. Diep ◽  
H. F. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Laboratory Strain ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
High Affinity

ABSTRACT Beta lactam agents are the most active drugs for the treatment of streptococci and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. However, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is resistant to all beta lactam agents licensed to date, and alternative treatments are limited. Ceftobiprole is a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin that binds with high affinity to PBP 2a, the penicillin binding protein that mediates the methicillin resistance of staphylococci and is active against MRSA. Ceftobiprole was compared to vancomycin, daptomycin, and linezolid in a rabbit model of MRSA aortic valve endocarditis caused by the homogeneously methicillin-resistant laboratory strain COL. Residual organisms in vegetations were significantly fewer in ceftobiprole-treated rabbits than in any other treatment group (P < 0.05 for each comparison). In addition, the numbers of organisms in spleens and in kidneys were significantly lower in ceftobiprole-treated rabbits than in linezolid- and vancomycin-treated animals (P < 0.05 for each comparison). Anti-MRSA beta lactam agents such as ceftobiprole may represent a significant therapeutic advance over currently available agents for the treatment of MRSA endocarditis.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: risk factors and clinical outcome in non-intensive-care units

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karinne Spirandelli Carvalho Naves ◽  
Natália Vaz da Trindade ◽  
Paulo Pinto Gontijo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bloodstream Infection

INTRODUCTION: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is spread out in hospitals across different regions of the world and is regarded as the major agent of nosocomial infections, causing infections such as skin and soft tissue pneumonia and sepsis. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for methicillin-resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) and the predictive factors for death. METHODS: A retrospective cohort of fifty-one patients presenting bacteraemia due to S. aureus between September 2006 and September 2008 was analysed. Staphylococcu aureus samples were obtained from blood cultures performed by clinical hospital microbiology laboratory from the Uberlândia Federal University. Methicillinresistance was determined by growth on oxacillin screen agar and antimicrobial susceptibility by means of the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: We found similar numbers of MRSA (56.8%) and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (43.2%) infections, and the overall hospital mortality ratio was 47%, predominantly in MRSA group (70.8% vs. 29.2%) (p=0.05). Age (p=0.02) was significantly higher in MRSA patients as also was the use of central venous catheter (p=0.02). The use of two or more antimicrobial agents (p=0.03) and the length of hospital stay prior to bacteraemia superior to seven days (p=0.006) were associated with mortality. High odds ratio value was observed in cardiopathy as comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several risk factors associated with MRSA and MSSA infection, the use of two or more antimicrobial agents was the unique independent variable associated with mortality.

scholarly journals Perfil microbiológico y resistencia antibiótica en el servicio de pediatría de una clínica privada, 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Francheska Coricaza-Cuaresma ◽  
Moisés Apolaya-Segura ◽  
Cristian Díaz-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
E Coli

Objetivo: Describir el perfil microbiológico y de resistencia antibiótica en el servicio de pediatría de la Clínica Jesús del Norte, 2016. Material y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos. El estudio se desarrolló en el Servicio de Pediatría de la Clínica Jesús del Norte. Resultados: Se analizaron 1264 muestras de pacienres <15 años con cultivos positivos de orina, heces, sangre y secreción faríngea. El 67,7% fue en <5 años y predomino en mujeres con 59,22%. El germen aislado en mayor frecuencia fue Escherichia coli con 46,68%. Por tipo de muestra el más frecuente fueron: En Coprocultivo: Escherichia coli enteropatógena, Urocultivo: Escherichia coli, Hemocultivo: Staphylococcus epidermidis y en secreción faríngea: Staphylococcus aureus. Llamó la atención la presencia de 105 casos (7,27%) de E. coli BLEE en urocultivos. Conclusiones: Los cultivos positivos fueron más frecuentes en mujeres, en menores de 5 años, atendidos en emergencia y de muestra de heces. Apreciándose alta frecuencia de resistencia a fármacos de primera y segunda línea en diversos agentes etiológicos aislados en las muestras.

scholarly journals Isolation of Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Hospitalized Orthopaedic Patients in Kano State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
D.A. Oche ◽  
U. Abdulrahim ◽  
A.S. Oheagbulem ◽  
B.O. Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Biofilm formation and resistance to methicillin are among the factors that makes Staphylococcus aureus a very important human pathogen in both health-care and community settings. This study investigated methicillin-resistance among biofilm-producing S. aureus isolated from 49 orthopaedic in-patients within a 3 months period. Wound swabs, nasal swabs, bed swabs and urine samples were collected from each patient. The samples were cultured and screened for presence of S. aureus while the micro-titre plate method was used to detect biofilm producing isolates. PCR technique was finally used to detect the presence of mecA gene in methicilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Findings reveal 14.8% of bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus of which 96.4% were biofilm-producers. However, strong biofilm producers constitute 11.1%. The mecA gene was detected in 15.8% of the MRSA isolates. Therefore, MRSA among biofilm-producing S. aureus is a potential threat primarily to the community of National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala and a major public health challenge. Keywords: Biofilm, Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), mecA gene, Orthopaedic patient

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS USING TOUCHDOWN PCR AND PHENOTYPIC METHODS FROM PATIENTS AND HOSPITALS ENVIRONMENTS IN DIFFERENT IRAQI CITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1356-1364
Author(s):  
A. M. Abd Zaid ◽  
N. J. Kandala
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Base Medium ◽  
Touchdown Pcr ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA in some Iraqi hospitals and determine the most powerful methods for identification of MRSA, in order to achieve the, 278 samples were collected from different hospitals in Iraq in various intervals, 204 out of 287 were identified as Staphylococcus aureus by conventional cultural methods and microscopic characteristics and 177 isolates are identified as MRSA by using HiCrome MeReSa Agar Base medium, but 154 of 177 (87%) isolates are methicillin resistance in sensitivity test. MRSA isolates were highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and considered multidrug resistant (MDR) in percent of (94.9%). Touchdown PCR used to identify the isolates, 97.05% were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, while 80.88%  as MRSA.                  

scholarly journals Detection of mecA gene by latex agglutination and its molecular analysis by PCR in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370
Author(s):  
Aneela Khawaja ◽  
Iffat Javed ◽  
Sohaila Mushtaq ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Faiqa Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Agglutination Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a devastating question that is threatening the health globally. The extensive and indiscriminative use of antibiotics has evolved a notorious resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.  This resistance developed through possession of mecA gene, which codes for modified penicillin binding protein (PBP2a) and the emergent strain being labeled “methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus”. Conventional phenotypic techniques for detection of MRSA rely on standardization of cultural characteristics. The drawbacks of diagnostic error to report MRSA include: poor prognosis, expensive treatment, dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains and even treatment failure. Latex agglutination method can be adopted as a more accurate and quick strategy for rapid detection of methicillin resistance. Objectives: To compare detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by latex agglutination and PCR; by assessing the sensitivity and specificity of both methods. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Pathology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Period: From January 2015 to December 2015; according to standard operating procedures at Microbiology laboratory. Material & Methods: A total 713 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were processed. Methicillin resistance was determined using cefoxitin (30mg) by Kirby-Bauer method using CLSI guideline (2016), latex agglutination method; and PCR for mecA gene. Results: The results showed that out of 713 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 92 (12.90%) isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and were labelled as MRSA. majority MRSA isolates recovered from pus (44.57%) and wound swab (20.65%), followed by blood (13.04%), fluid (8.70%), CSF (4.35%), CVP (3.26%), HVS (3.26%) and tracheal secretion (2.17%). By latex agglutination method, 87 (94.50%) were positive for PBP2a; while on PCR mecA gene was detected only in 82 (89.10%) MRSA isolates. When assessed with PCR (gold standard) the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of latex agglutination was 100% and 94.57%, respectively. Conclusion: Latex agglutination test can be employed as rapid and reliable diagnostic technique in MRSA isolates for mecA gene detection, where resources for molecular methods are inadequate. This can effectually lessen the misdiagnosis of resistant strains, and over/ ill-use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Detection of Antimicrobial Activity of Cranberry Fruit Extract against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Ali Nawaz Bijarani ◽  
Muhammad Owais Ismail ◽  
Zahida Memon ◽  
Faisal Afridi ◽  
Shabana Qabulio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Objective: Antibacterial effects of Cranberry fruit extract on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended Spectrum beta lactamase producing E. coli and its comparison with Linezolid and Meropenem. Materials and Methods: It is a Pre Clinical (in-vitro) study conducted in Ziauddin University from January 2020 to October 2020. All samples were collected from Ziauddin University.  All clinical samples were collected inform of pus, urine, blood, tracheal aspirations, patients admitted in surgical and medical wards, intensive care units and outdoor patients who were attending clinics. All these samples were transported to Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Ziauddin hospital, North Nazimabad campus and then culture and sensitivity test were performed there. Sample showing double growth and contamination on agar plates were excluded from study. Results: Out of 80 samples included in this study 46(57.5%) were female and 34(42.5%) samples were male; female to male samples ratio of 1.35:1.The mean age was 45.71±11.83 years. MRSA commonly found in pus swab 15(37.5%) and 21(52.5%) ESBL producing E. coli found in urine samples. 14(35%) samples were observed anti-bacterial activity of cranberry fruit extracts against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli at 50 mg/ml concentration, followed by 10(25%) and 9(22.5%) samples at  60 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml were respectively. While resistance of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coliwere observed high at different concentration level of cranberry fruit extracts. Good anti-bacterial activity of cranberry fruit extracts observed  against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at different                      levels of concentration 20(50%), 23(57.5%), 21(52.5%), 26(65%), 29(72.5%) samples were 20 mg/ml,30mg/ml,40mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 60mg/ml respectively. Most superior and best dose of cranberry fruit extract against Staph Aureus in about 72.5% (29) at 60mg/ml and their Comparison with linezolid and meropenem against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and found best positive results as compared with Linezolid and found significant p value 0.005. Conclusions: Cranberry extract has a lot of potential to prove itself to be a good antimicrobial agent. The cranberry fruit extract has high antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant S.aureus and resistant strains of E. coli in comparison to linezolid and meropenem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document