scholarly journals Benefits of Ginger and Its Constituent 6-Shogaol in Inhibiting Inflammatory Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Iris Bischoff-Kont ◽  
Robert Fürst
Keyword(s):  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Mediator Systems ◽  
Zingiber Officinale Roscoe ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is widely used as medicinal plant. According to the Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC), dried powdered ginger rhizome can be applied for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in motion sickness (well-established use). Beyond this, a plethora of pre-clinical studies demonstrated anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, or anti-inflammatory actions. 6-Shogaol is formed from 6-gingerol by dehydration and represents one of the main bioactive principles in dried ginger rhizomes. 6-Shogaol is characterized by a Michael acceptor moiety being reactive with nucleophiles. This review intends to compile important findings on the actions of 6-shogaol as an anti-inflammatory compound: in vivo, 6-shogaol inhibited leukocyte infiltration into inflamed tissue accompanied with reduction of edema swelling. In vitro and in vivo, 6-shogaol reduced inflammatory mediator systems such as COX-2 or iNOS, affected NFκB and MAPK signaling, and increased levels of cytoprotective HO-1. Interestingly, certain in vitro studies provided deeper mechanistic insights demonstrating the involvement of PPAR-γ, JNK/Nrf2, p38/HO-1, and NFκB in the anti-inflammatory actions of the compound. Although these studies provide promising evidence that 6-shogaol can be classified as an anti-inflammatory substance, the exact mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Moreover, conclusive clinical data for anti-inflammatory actions of 6-shogaol are largely lacking.

scholarly journals Thymoquinone, a Dietary Bioactive Compound, Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Colitis by Stimulating Expression of the Colonic Epithelial PPAR-γ Transcription Factor

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Balaji Venkataraman ◽  
Saeeda Almarzooqi ◽  
Vishnu Raj ◽  
Abdullah T. Alhassani ◽  
Ahmad S. Alhassani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ht 29

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders with increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Here, we investigated thymoquinone (TQ), a naturally occurring phytochemical present in Nigella sativa, for anti-inflammatory effects in colonic inflammation. To address this, we used in vivo (mice) and in vitro (HT-29 cells) models in this investigation. Our results showed that TQ treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index (DAI), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and protected colon microscopic architecture. In addition, TQ also reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators at both the mRNA and protein levels. Further, TQ decreased phosphorylation of the activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins and enhanced colon epithelial PPAR-γ transcription factor expression. TQ significantly decreased proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL-1 and IL-8), and mediator (COX-2) mRNA expression in HT-29 cells treated with TNF-α. TQ also increased HT-29 PPAR-γ mRNA, PPAR-γ protein expression, and PPAR-γ promoter activity. These results indicate that TQ inhibits MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways and transcriptionally regulates PPAR-γ expression to induce potent anti-inflammatory activity in vivo and in vitro models of colon inflammation.

Ginsenoside Rc from Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Attenuates Inflammatory Symptoms of Gastritis, Hepatitis and Arthritis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (03) ◽  
pp. 595-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yu ◽  
Man Hee Rhee ◽  
Jongsung Lee ◽  
Seung Hyung Kim ◽  
Yanyan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Red Ginseng ◽  
Korean Red Ginseng ◽  
Inhibitory Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ginsenoside Rc

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an herbal medicine prescribed worldwide that is prepared from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae). Out of ginseng’s various components, ginsenosides are regarded as the major ingredients, exhibiting anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Although recent studies have focused on understanding the anti-inflammatory activities of KRG, compounds that are major anti-inflammatory components, precisely how these can suppress various inflammatory processes has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to identify inhibitory saponins, to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the saponins, and to understand the inhibitory mechanisms. To do this, we employed in vitro lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages and in vivo inflammatory mouse conditions, such as collagen (type II)-induced arthritis (CIA), EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis. Molecular mechanisms were also verified by real-time PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and reporter gene assays. Out of all the ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rc (G-Rc) showed the highest inhibitory activity against the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], and interferons (IFNs). Similarly, this compound attenuated inflammatory symptoms in CIA, EtOH/HCl-mediated gastritis, and LPS/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis without altering toxicological parameters, and without inducing gastric irritation. These anti-inflammatory effects were accompanied by the suppression of TNF-[Formula: see text] and IL-6 production and the induction of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in mice with CIA. G-Rc also attenuated the increased levels of luciferase activity by IRF-3 and AP-1 but not NF-[Formula: see text]B. In support of this phenomenon, G-Rc reduced TBK1, IRF-3, and ATF2 phosphorylation in the joint and liver tissues of mice with hepatitis. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that G-Rc may be a major component of KRG with useful anti-inflammatory properties due to its suppression of IRF-3 and AP-1 pathways.

The hidden mechanism beyond ginger ( Zingiber officinale Rosc.) potent in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahira M. Ezzat ◽  
Marwa I. Ezzat ◽  
Mona M. Okba ◽  
Esther T. Menze ◽  
Ashraf B. Abdel-Naim
Keyword(s):  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

scholarly journals The effects of disodium pamidronate on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and platelets: An in vitro study

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Salvolini ◽  
Monia Orciani ◽  
Arianna Vignini ◽  
Roberto Primio ◽  
Laura Mazzanti
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
No Production ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase

AbstractRecent reports have indicated that, as well as having antiresorptive effects, bisphosphonates could have an application as anti-inflammatory drugs. Our aim was to investigate whether this anti-inflammatory action could be mediated by the nitric oxide (NO) released by the leukocytes migrating to the site of inflammation. In particular, we investigated in vitro the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), the level of NO released by PMN and platelets, and the PMN myeloperoxidase activity after incubation with disodium pamidronate, since there was a postulated modulatory effect of this aminosubstituted bisphosphonate on leukocytes both in vitro and in vivo. Our data shows that the pamidronate treatment provoked a significant increase in the [Ca2+]i parallel to the enhancement in NO release, suggesting a possible activation of constitutive nitric oxide synthase, while the myeloperoxidase activity was significantly reduced. In conclusion, we hypothesized that treatment with pamidronate could stimulate NO-production by cells present near the bone compartment, thus constituting a protective mechanism against bone resorption occurring during inflammation. In addition, PMN- and platelet-derived NO could act as a negative feed-back signal to restrict the inflammatory processes.

scholarly journals The Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sisi Mustika ◽  
Sri Oktavia ◽  
Ifora Ifora
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Brucea Javanica ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammation is the initial response to acute and chronic tissue damage, which is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Natural products derived from plants have specific pharmacological activity and minimal side effects. Brucea javanica is a plant that has an anti-inflammatory effect, this plant contains alkaloid and flavonoid compounds. Flavonoids have the ability to block cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase while alkaloids as an anti-inflammatory are thought to work by inhibiting prostaglandin H2 PGH2 which is an inflammatory mediator. From the data obtained, there is no complete literature that reviews its use as an anti-inflammatory. The search databases used are as follows: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to study the anti-inflammatory activity of Brucea javanica. All recent research articles were published between 2010 to 2021. Based on eligibility, 4 studies were included in this study, consisting of 2 In vivo studies and 2 In vitro and In vivo studies. A series of pharmacological studies have reported that Brucea javanica can block the Nf-kB signaling pathway and decrease the production of inflammatory mediators. It has been reported to be able to inhibit the production of NO, PGE2, TNF-, IL-1β, IL-18IL-23, COX-2, NF-κB, IFN-γ, IL-6, the levels of MPO (Myeloperoxidase), reducing the edema and induce the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β). Brucea javanica also markedly activates Nrf2 expression suppressing the inflammatory response-mediated NLRP3 and NF-κB activation. In addition, the elevated mRNA expression of MMP-1, MMP-3 and RAGE was remarkably inhibited by Brucea javanica, while the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ was significantly enhanced. In vitro and in vivo studies strongly indicate that Brucea javanica has the potential as an anti-inflammatory.

scholarly journals Berbamine Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects via Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 2307-2318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jian Jia ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Han-Qing Liu ◽  
Da-Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Peritonitis Model ◽  
Mapk Signaling Pathways ◽  
Superoxide Release

Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Berbamine (BER), a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid extracted from Berberis amurensis (Xiao Bo An), and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Macrophages and neutrophils were treated with BER in vitro and stimulated with LPS and fMLP. The effects of BER on the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in macrophages were evaluated with quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. The effects of BER on the activation and superoxide release of neutrophils were determined with flow cytometry and WST-1 reduction test. The inhibitory effects of BER on the activation of signaling pathways related to inflammatory response in macrophages were evaluated by western blot analysis. In addition, a mouse peritonitis model was made by peritoneal injection of thioglycollate medium and anti-inflammatory effects of BER were investigated in vivo by quantitative analysis of pro-inflammatory factor production and leukocyte exudation. Results: BER significantly inhibited inflammatory factor expression by LPS-stimulated macrophages and suppressed activation and superoxide release of fMLP-stimulated neutrophils. In the mouse peritonitis model, BER significantly inhibited the activation of macrophages and exudation of neutrophils. According to analysis, BER significantly suppressed phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK (JNK and ERK1/2) signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Conclusions: Collectively, data from this study suggest that BER has anti-inflammatory potential, which is effected via inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, and thus holds promise for treatment of inflammatory disease.

scholarly journals Oligonol Ameliorates CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Rats via the NF-Kappa B and MAPK Signaling Pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeonghyeon Bak ◽  
Nam Kyung Je ◽  
Hae Young Chung ◽  
Takako Yokozawa ◽  
Sik Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Inos Mrna ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oxidative stress is thought to be a key risk factor in the development of hepatic diseases. Blocking or retarding the reactions of oxidation and the inflammatory process by antioxidants could be a promising therapeutic intervention for prevention or treatment of liver injuries. Oligonol is a low molecular weight polyphenol containing catechin-type monomers and oligomers derived from lychee fruit. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of oligonol on carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced acute hepatic injury in rats. Oral administration of oligonol (10 or 50 mg/kg) reduced CCl4-induced abnormalities in liver histology and serum AST and serum ALT levels. Oligonol treatment attenuated the CCl4-induced production of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-1β, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels. Western blot analysis showed that oligonol suppressed proinflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activation, phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) as well as Akt. Oligonol exhibited strong antioxidative activityin vitroandin vivo, and hepatoprotective activity againstt-butyl hydroperoxide-induced HepG2 cells. Taken together, oligonol showed antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in CCl4-intoxicated rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and NF-κB activation via blockade of the activation of upstream kinases including MAPKs and Akt.

scholarly journals Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Prostatic Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Ishiguro ◽  
Takashi Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Prostatic Diseases ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Cox 1

Prostatic diseases are characterized by increased activity of cytokines, growth factors, and cyclooxygenases- (COX-) 1 and 2. Activation of COX-1 and COX-2 results in increased levels of prostaglandins and the induction of angiogenic, antiapoptotic and inflammatory processes. Inhibition of COX enzymes by members of the widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class of drugs decreases prostaglandin production, and exerts a variety of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antinociceptive effects. While numerousin vitro,in vivo, and clinical studies have shown that NSAIDs inhibit the risk and progression of prostatic diseases, the relationship between NSAIDs and such diseases remains controversial. Here we review the literature in this area, critically analyzing the benefits and caveats associated with the use of NSAIDs in the treatment of prostatic diseases.

scholarly journals Trigonelline, An Alkaloid From Leonurus japonicus Houtt., Suppresses Mast Cell Activation and OVA-Induced Allergic Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Zhang ◽  
Yingling Zhang ◽  
Simin Chen ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Man Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Trigonelline, one of the active compounds from Leonurus japonicus Houtt., has been proven to have pharmacological value in diabetes, the central nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that it may also be beneficial in controlling inflammation. However, the mechanism of the antiallergic effects of trigonelline has not been well studied. As the key effector cells participating in the development of allergies, mast cells have been linked to the pathogenesis of asthma for ages. In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of trigonelline on activated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and verified its anti-inflammatory properties using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma model. Trigonelline suppressed BMMC degranulation and decreased the production of the cytokines, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in a dose-dependent manner. The potent mechanism is mainly through the suppression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Trigonelline can alleviate pathological damage in lung tissue and reduce the levels of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines. RNA-seq results revealed the HIF-1α to be a potential target for the allergic reaction. Taken together, our study demonstrated that trigonelline can inhibit allergic inflammation in vitro and in vivo, which may provide a basis for novel anti-inflammatory drug development.

Extracts and Flavonoids of Passiflora Species as Promising Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Substances

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Ożarowski ◽  
Tomasz M. Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Plant Substances

: There is increasing interest in evaluating anti-inflammatory activities of plant substances such as extracts and flavonoid rich fractions. A promising source of new medicinal drugs may be species from the Passifloraceae family. The most interesting group of principal chemical compounds in Passiflora species are polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids due to their antioxidant activity demonstrated in various studies (quercetin, rutin, apigenin, luteolin, chrysin, and Cglycosylflavones i.e., vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin). However, each extracts from Passiflora spp. as multi-component mixtures should be estimated for chemical composition (in the standardization process) and their activity using in vitro and in vivo tests. The current standard for drug discovery and development from plants indicates that only collective assessment allows estimating plant substances by definition of the origin of raw materials and their quality, methods of extractions, and metabolite profiles. Increasingly, due to complex phytochemical procedures to obtain extracts, individual flavonoid compounds are also tested for anti-inflammatory action. However, it should be emphasized that various sources of potential new drugs from plant origin are not mutually exclusive, but are complementary. A review of bibliographic data includes the following information about Passiflora species, such as distribution, classification, phytochemical compounds, antiinflammatory activity of extracts, anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids, and antioxidant potential. The review allows concluded that extracts and flavonoids (mainly quercetin, apigenin, and vitexin) from Passiflora spp. can be a valuable source of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative medications for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, which occur with complex inflammatory processes.

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