scholarly journals Scaling Tableting Processes from Compaction Simulator to Rotary Presses—Mind the Sub-Processes

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Isabell Wünsch ◽  
Irene Friesen ◽  
Daniel Puckhaber ◽  
Thomas Schlegel ◽  
Jan Henrik Finke
Keyword(s):  
Process Development ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Shear Sensitivity ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Compaction Stress ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Compaction Simulator ◽  
Rotary Press

Compaction simulators are frequently used in the formulation and process development of tablets, bringing about the advantages of flexibility, low material consumption, and high instrumentation to generate the most possible process understanding. However, their capability of resembling general aspects of rotary press compaction and their precision in simulating or mimicking sub-processes such as feeding and filling need to be systematically studied. The effect of material deformation behavior, blend composition, and feeding on tensile strength and simulation precision as compared with rotary presses of different scales is evaluated in this study. Generally, good simulation performance was found for the studied compaction simulator. Compaction profile-sensitivity was demonstrated for highly visco-plastic materials while shear-sensitivity in feeding was demonstrated for lubricated blends of ductile particles. Strategies for the compensation of both in compaction simulator experiments are presented by careful investigation of the compaction stress over time profiles and introduction of a compaction simulator-adapted shear number approach to account for differences in layout and operation mode between compaction simulator and rotary press, respectively. These approaches support the general aim of this study to provide a more straightforward determination of scaling process parameters between rotary press and compaction simulator and facilitate a quicker and more reliable process transfer.

scholarly journals Industrial Production of Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate from CO2: Can Cyanobacteria Meet this Challenge?

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Carpine ◽  
Giuseppe Olivieri ◽  
Klaas J. Hellingwerf ◽  
Antonino Pollio ◽  
Antonio Marzocchella
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Phb Production ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

The increasing impact of plastic materials on the environment is a growing global concern. In regards to this circumstance, it is a major challenge to find new sources for the production of bioplastics. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is characterized by interesting features that draw attention for research and commercial ventures. Indeed, PHB is eco-friendly, biodegradable, and biocompatible. Bacterial fermentation processes are a known route to produce PHB. However, the production of PHB through the chemoheterotrophic bacterial system is very expensive due to the high costs of the carbon source for the growth of the organism. On the contrary, the production of PHB through the photoautotrophic cyanobacterium system is considered an attractive alternative for a low-cost PHB production because of the inexpensive feedstock (CO2 and light). This paper regards the evaluation of four independent strategies to improve the PHB production by cyanobacteria: (i) the design of the medium; (ii) the genetic engineering to improve the PHB accumulation; (iii) the development of robust models as a tool to identify the bottleneck(s) of the PHB production to maximize the production; and (iv) the continuous operation mode in a photobioreactor for PHB production. The synergic effect of these strategies could address the design of the optimal PHB production process by cyanobacteria. A further limitation for the commercial production of PHB via the biotechnological route are the high costs related to the recovery of PHB granules. Therefore, a further challenge is to select a low-cost and environmentally friendly process to recover PHB from cyanobacteria.

Key parameters in sludge dewatering: testing for the shear sensitivity and EPS content

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H. Mikkelsen ◽  
T. Mascarenhas ◽  
P.H. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Shear Sensitivity ◽  
Test Reactor

The fraction of extractable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the shear sensitivity (kSS) are key parameters with respect to sludge dewatering, affecting the dry matter content of dewatered sludge and the dewatering rate and conditioner demand, respectively. Methods are described for determination of the two key parameters by use of the same laboratory test reactor. The implications of such characterisation with respect to dewatering are discussed based on examples of application to sludge processing and novel process development for sludge minimisation.

scholarly journals Process Development Process Problem Based Learning for Writing Students' Explanatory Texts in Class XI SMK PAB 03 Medan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 933-949
Author(s):  
Dinny Andriani Purba ◽  
Syahnan Daulay ◽  
Marice Marice
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Writing Students ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
Academic Year

This study aims to describe the process of developing problem-based learning models (Problem Based Learning) to write explanatory texts of students in class XI SMK PAB 03 Medan. This research was conducted at SMK PAB 3 Medan located on Jl. Mosque No. 1, Medan Estate, Medan, Medan Baru District The research will be conducted in July 2019 to October 2019. The population of this research is all students of class XI SMK PAB 3 Medan in 2019/2020 academic year. The process of developing problem-based learning models on explanatory text writing material in class XI students of SMK PAB 03 Medan is in general aspects of the assessment given by reviewers, the product design of problem-based learning model development is very good (SB) with an average overall score of 89.5% with very good assessment criteria.

scholarly journals Challenges in transfer of gas-liquid reactions from batch to continuous operation: dimensional analysis and simulations for aerobic oxidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Friedland ◽  
Robert Güttel
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Batch Operation ◽  
Main Challenge

AbstractThe transfer of gas-liquid reactions from conventional batch processes into continuous operation using milli and micro reactors is claimed as an important step towards process intensification. Importantly, this transfer step should be realized in an early phase of process development, already, in order to minimize research efforts towards the undesired operation strategy. The main challenge of this approach, therefore, arises from lack of knowledge in the early stage of process development and the resulting system with high degrees of freedom. This contribution presents an approach to tackle this challenge by means of mathematical modelling and simulation for the aerobic oxidation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene (DHA) catalyzed by polyoxometalates (POMs) being used as example for gas-liquid reactions. The reaction was chosen as it provides sufficient complexity, since it consists of three consecutive oxidation steps of DHA and a parallel catalytic redox-cycle according to a Mars-van-Krevelen mechanism. It also provides the challenge of unknown reaction kinetics, which have been estimated in this contribution. The dimensionless balance equations for reactor modeling are derived and parametrized based on early stage experimental results obtained in batch operation mode. The discrimination between batch and continuous operation was performed by means of characteristic dimensionless numbers using the identical mathematical model for comparability reasons. The model was used to perform sensitivity studies with emphasis on the interplay between mass transfer characteristics and reaction kinetics for both the batch and continuous operation mode. The simulation results show that the performance of both operation modes mainly depend on the oxidation state of the POM catalyst, which is caused by the differences in oxygen availability. Therefore, results obtained in batch operation mode are prone to be masked by mass transfer issues, which affects catalyst and reactor development at the same time and may thus cause maldevelopments. With respect to process development it can thus be concluded that the transfer from batch to continuous operation together with mathematical modeling is important in an early phase, already, in order to detect limitations misleading the development. Finally, even simple models with roughly estimated parameters from preliminary experiments are shown to be sufficient in the early phase and can systematically be improved, in the subsequent phases. Graphical abstract

Express Business Transformation Research Based on Hoare Three-Dimensional Structure Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 2080-2083
Author(s):  
Gao Shen Wang ◽  
Huan Huan Li ◽  
Cai Xia Zhang ◽  
Yu Ting Xie ◽  
Chang An Gao
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure ◽  
Express Industry

Express industry is currently one of the fastest-growing industries; the transition of express industry is now a trend of development in express enterprises. A theory analysis method of system engineering is applied in this paper, then we can treat the express logistics as a systems engineering to research. According to the express logistics system in China, to build the Hoare three-dimensional structure model to analyze the process development and transformation trends of modern operation mode, to be combined with the core concept of competitiveness to analysis China's modern mode of operation .The text can guide for the transformation of the China express companies at different levels, and provide a practical basis for the reorganization of the express industry.

Advanced TEM sample preparation techniques for submicron Si devices

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 516-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Basham ◽  
H. L. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Small Hole ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polished Side ◽  
Preparation Techniques

The use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to support process development of advanced microelectronic devices is often challenged by a large amount of samples submitted from wafer fabrication areas and specific-spot analysis. Improving the TEM sample preparation techniques for a fast turnaround time is critical in order to provide a timely support for customers and improve the utilization of TEM. For the specific-area sample preparation, a technique which can be easily prepared with the least amount of effort is preferred. For these reasons, we have developed several techniques which have greatly facilitated the TEM sample preparation.For specific-area analysis, the use of a copper grid with a small hole is found to be very useful. With this small-hole grid technique, TEM sample preparation can be proceeded by well-established conventional methods. The sample is first polished to the area of interest, which is then carefully positioned inside the hole. This polished side is placed against the grid by epoxy Fig. 1 is an optical image of a TEM cross-section after dimpling to light transmission.

Applications of CCEM to Environmental Health Problems

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
R. J. Lee ◽  
J. S. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
External Agent ◽  
External Agents ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Primitive State ◽  
Textural Changes ◽  
General Aspects

Electron microscopy (EM), with the advent of computer control and image analysis techniques, is rapidly evolving from an interpretative science into a quantitative technique. Electron microscopy is potentially of value in two general aspects of environmental health: exposure and diagnosis.In diagnosis, electron microscopy is essentially an extension of optical microscopy. The goal is to characterize cellular changes induced by external agents. The external agent could be any foreign material, chemicals, or even stress. The use of electron microscopy as a diagnostic tool is well- developed, but computer-controlled electron microscopy (CCEM) has had only limited impact, mainly because it is fairly new and many institutions lack the resources to acquire the capability. In addition, major contributions to diagnosis will come from CCEM only when image analysis (IA) and processing algorithms are developed which allow the morphological and textural changes recognized by experienced medical practioners to be quantified. The application of IA techniques to compare cellular structure is still in a primitive state.

The Structure and Properties of MoSi2 Thin Film in Mos Process

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 326-327
Author(s):  
C.K. Wu ◽  
P. Chang ◽  
N. Godinho
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Metal Silicides ◽  
High Oxidation ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
High Oxidation Resistance

Recently, the use of refractory metal silicides as low resistivity, high temperature and high oxidation resistance gate materials in large scale integrated circuits (LSI) has become an important approach in advanced MOS process development (1). This research is a systematic study on the structure and properties of molybdenum silicide thin film and its applicability to high performance LSI fabrication.

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