scholarly journals Cellulose Nanofibers Improve the Performance of Retrograded Starch/Pectin Microparticles for Colon-Specific Delivery of 5-ASA

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin ◽  
Rafael Miguel Sábio ◽  
Maurício Palmeira Chaves de Souza ◽  
Richard Perosa Fernandes ◽  
Anselmo Gomes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Retrograded Starch ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were employed as the nanoreinforcement of a retrograded starch/pectin (RS/P) excipient to optimize its colon-specific properties. Although starch retrogradation ranged from 32 to 73%, CNF addition discretely disfavored the RS yield. This result agrees with the finding that in situ CNF reduces the presence of the RS crystallinity pattern. A thermal analysis revealed that the contribution of pectin improves the thermal stability of the RS/CNF mixture. Through a complete factorial design, it was possible to optimize the spray-drying conditions to obtain powders with high yield (57%) and low moisture content (1.2%). The powders observed by Field Emission Gum Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) had 1–10 µm and a circular shape. The developed methodology allowed us to obtain 5-aminosalicilic acid-loaded microparticles with high encapsulation efficiency (16–98%) and drug loading (1.97–26.63%). The presence of CNF in RS/P samples was responsible for decreasing the burst effect of release in simulated gastric and duodenal media, allowing the greatest mass of drug to be targeted to the colon. Considering that spray-drying is a scalable process, widely used by the pharmaceutical industry, the results obtained indicate the potential of these microparticles as raw material for obtaining other dosage forms to deliver 5-ASA to the distal parts of gastrointestinal tract, affected by inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of Probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus with Different Wall Materials by Spray Drying

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 11221-11232
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The present study seeks to evaluate different matrixes (chitosan, gelatin – bloom 189, gelatin – bloom 246, gum Arabic, and maltodextrin) to encapsulate Lactobacillus helveticus (LH 091), as well as optimal spray-drying conditions. L. helveticus displayed a survival rate close to 89%, with their viability above the minimum level of 107 CFU/g at point of delivery, after microencapsulation in a gum Arabic-maltodextrin (1:1) matrix followed by spray-drying (air in at 70 to 80ºC, a feed rate of 0.09 mL/min, and a pressure of 0.10 bar). Microcapsules containing probiotic displayed a water activity of 0.494, rounded edges and an average size of 2.6 µm. The differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry pointed to the thermal stability of the microparticles with encapsulated probiotics. These favorable properties of the probiotic microparticles make them suitable for incorporation into functional food.

scholarly journals In Situ Production and Application of Cellulose Nanofibers to Improve Recycled Paper Production

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Balea ◽  
Jose Luis Sanchez-Salvador ◽  
M. Concepcion Monte ◽  
Noemi Merayo ◽  
Carlos Negro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Retention System ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Board Industry ◽  
In Situ Production

The recycled paper and board industry needs to improve the quality of their products to meet customer demands. The refining process and strength additives are commonly used to increase mechanical properties. Interfiber bonding can also be improved using cellulose nanofibers (CNF). A circular economy approach in the industrial implementation of CNF can be addressed through the in situ production of CNF using side cellulose streams of the process as raw material, avoiding transportation costs and reducing industrial wastes. Furthermore, CNF fit for use can be produced for specific industrial applications.This study evaluates the feasibility of using two types of recycled fibers, simulating the broke streams of two paper machines producing newsprint and liner for cartonboard, to produce in situ CNF for direct application on the original pulps, old newsprint (ONP), and old corrugated container (OCC), and to reinforce the final products. The CNF were obtained by 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation and homogenization at 600 bar. Handsheets were prepared with disintegrated recycled pulp and different amounts of CNF using a conventional three-component retention system. Results show that 3 wt.% of CNF produced with 10 mmol of NaClO per gram of dry pulp improve tensile index of ONP ~30%. For OCC, the same treatment and CNF dose increase tensile index above 60%. In both cases, CNF cause a deterioration of drainage, but this effect is effectively counteracted by optimising the retention system.

Facile preparation of nanofiller-paper using mixed office paper without deinking

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIANQIAN WANG ◽  
J.Y. ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mechanical Grinding ◽  
Microscope Imaging ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
Electron Microscope Imaging ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Office Paper

Mixed office paper (MOP) pulp without deinking with an ash content of 18.1 ± 1.5% was used as raw material to produce nanofiller-paper. The MOP pulp with filler was mechanically fibrillated using a laboratory stone grinder. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that the ground filler particles were wrapped by cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), which substantially improved the incorporation of filler into the CNF matrix. Sheets made of this CNF matrix were densified due to improved bonding. Specific tensile strength and modulus of the nanofiller-paper with 60-min grinding reached 48.4 kN·m/kg and 8.1 MN·m/kg, respectively, approximately 250% and 200% of the respective values of the paper made of unground MOP pulp. Mechanical grinding duration did not affect the thermal stability of the nanofiller-paper.

Novel Formulation Development and Evaluation of Nanoparticles Based in Situ Gelling System for The Ophthalmic Delivery of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kranti Singh ◽  
Surajpal Verma ◽  
Shyam Prasad ◽  
Indu Bala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
In Situ Gelling

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride loaded Eudragit RS100 nanoparticles were prepared by using w/o/w emulsification (multiple emulsification) solvent evaporation followed by drying of nanoparticles at 50°C. The nanoparticles were further incorporated into the pH-triggered in situ gel forming system which was prepared using Carbopol 940 in combination with HPMC as viscosifying agent. The developed nanoparticles was evaluated for particle size, zeta potential value and loading efficiency; nanoparticle incorporated in situ gelling system was evaluated for pH, clarity, gelling strength, rheological studies, in-vitro release studies and ex-vivo precorneal permeation studies. The nanopaticle showed the mean particle size varying between 263.5nm - 325.9 nm with the mean zeta potential value of -5.91 mV to -8.13 mV and drug loading capacity varied individually between 72.50% to 98.70% w/w. The formulation was clear with no suspended particles, showed good gelling properties. The gelling was quick and remained for longer time period. The developed formulation was therapeutically efficacious, stable and non-irritant. It provided the sustained release of drug over a period of 8-10 hours.

Enhanced drug loading of in situ forming gels for oral mucositis pain control

2021 ◽  
Vol 595 ◽  
pp. 120225
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Rajesh V. Lalla ◽  
Diane J. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Pain Control ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
In Situ Forming

scholarly journals The Impact of Gelatin on the Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Fucoidan Microspheres with Posaconazole

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4087
Author(s):  
Marta Szekalska ◽  
Aleksandra Citkowska ◽  
Magdalena Wróblewska ◽  
Katarzyna Winnicka
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
The Impact

Fungal infections and invasive mycoses, despite the continuous medicine progress, are an important globally therapeutic problem. Multicompartment dosage formulations (e.g., microparticles) ensure a short drug diffusion way and high surface area of drug release, which as a consequence can provide improvement of therapeutic efficiency compared to the traditional drug dosage forms. As fucoidan is promising component with wide biological activity per se, the aim of this study was to prepare fucospheres (fucoidan microparticles) and fucoidan/gelatin microparticles with posaconazole using the one-step spray-drying technique. Pharmaceutical properties of designed fucospheres and the impact of the gelatin addition on their characteristics were evaluated. An important stage of this research was in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of developed microparticles using different Candida species. It was observed that gelatin presence in microparticles significantly improved swelling capacity and mucoadhesiveness, and provided a sustained POS release. Furthermore, it was shown that gelatin addition enhanced antifungal activity of microparticles against tested Candida spp. strains. Microparticles formulation GF6, prepared by the spray drying of 20% fucoidan, 5% gelatin and 10% Posaconazole, were characterized by optimal mucoadhesive properties, high drug loading and the most sustained drug release (after 8 h 65.34 ± 4.10% and 33.81 ± 5.58% of posaconazole was dissolved in simulated vaginal fluid pH 4.2 or 0.1 M HCl pH 1.2, respectively).

scholarly journals Development of In Situ Self-Assembly Nanoparticles to Encapsulate Lopinavir and Ritonavir for Long-Acting Subcutaneous Injection

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 904
Author(s):  
Irin Tanaudommongkon ◽  
Asama Tanaudommongkon ◽  
Xiaowei Dong
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Trough Concentration ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Long Acting

Most antiretroviral medications for human immunodeficiency virus treatment and prevention require high levels of patient adherence, such that medications need to be administered daily without missing doses. Here, a long-acting subcutaneous injection of lopinavir (LPV) in combination with ritonavir (RTV) using in situ self-assembly nanoparticles (ISNPs) was developed to potentially overcome adherence barriers. The ISNP approach can improve the pharmacokinetic profiles of the drugs. The ISNPs were characterized in terms of particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading, in vitro release study, and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. LPV/RTV ISNPs were 167.8 nm in size, with a polydispersity index of less than 0.35. The entrapment efficiency was over 98% for both LPV and RTV, with drug loadings of 25% LPV and 6.3% RTV. A slow release rate of LPV was observed at about 20% on day 5, followed by a sustained release beyond 14 days. RTV released faster than LPV in the first 5 days and slower than LPV thereafter. LPV trough concentration remained above 160 ng/mL and RTV trough concentration was above 50 ng/mL after 6 days with one subcutaneous injection. Overall, the ISNP-based LPV/RTV injection showed sustained release profiles in both in vitro and in vivo studies.

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