scholarly journals Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1943
Author(s):  
Onyisi Christiana Didamson ◽  
Heidi Abrahamse
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Photodynamic Diagnosis ◽  
Cellular Internalization ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Irradiation Therapy ◽  
Esophageal Cancer Cells

Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at the late stage when cancer has already spread and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for a better and efficient treatment outcome. Upper endoscopy with biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool for esophageal cancer but is challenging to diagnose at its premalignant stage, while conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy, are challenging to eliminate the tumor. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) modalities that employ photosensitizers (PSs) are emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer. However, some flaws associated with the classic PSs have limited their clinical applications. Functionalized nanomedicine has emerged as a potential drug delivery system to enhance PS drug biodistribution and cellular internalization. The conjugation of PSs with functionalized nanomedicine enables increased localization within esophageal cancer cells due to improved solubility and stability in blood circulation. This review highlights PS drugs used for PDD and PDT for esophageal cancer. In addition, it focuses on the various functionalized nanomedicine explored for esophageal cancer and their role in targeted PDD and PDT for diagnosis and treatment.

scholarly journals LncRNA MAGI2-AS3 Overexpression Sensitizes Esophageal Cancer Cells to Irradiation Through Down-Regulation of HOXB7 via EZH2

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfang Cheng ◽  
Xiuling Shi ◽  
Mingqiang Lin ◽  
Qiwei Yao ◽  
Jiayu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Gene Assay ◽  
Esophageal Cancer Cells

BackgroundAccumulating evidence has suggested that aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may contribute to cancer progression in association with radioresistance. The current study aimed to identify the potential role of lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 and the underlying mechanism in its regulation of the radio-sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells.Methods and ResultsInitially, we detected high expression of HOXB7 from microarray-based gene expression profiling of esophageal cancer. Then, we identified the interactions among MAGI2-AS3, HOXB7, and EZH2 by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay, RNA pull-down assay, RIP assay and ChIP assay. HOXB7 was highly-expressed, while MAGI2-AS3 was poorly-expressed in esophageal cancer tissues and cells. The effect of MAGI2-AS3 and HOXB7 on esophageal cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis as well as tumorigenicity of radioresistant cells was examined by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Interestingly, MAGI2-AS3 down-regulated HOXB7 through interaction with EZH2, which promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited proliferation and radio-resistance. Besides, down-regulation of MAGI2-AS3 exerted a promoting effect on these malignant phenotypes.ConclusionTaken together, our results reveal the potential role of MAGI2-AS3 over-expression in controlling esophageal cancer resistance to radiotherapy by down-regulating HOXB7, this providing a candidate biomarker for resistance to radiotherapy.

Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in ALS Pathogenesis and Possible Novel Therapeutic Strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. S68-S70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letizia Mazzini ◽  
Luca Mogna ◽  
Fabiola De Marchi ◽  
Angela Amoruso ◽  
Marco Pane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth and their Promise as Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases and Injuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyi Huang ◽  
Zizhuo Zheng ◽  
Ding Bai ◽  
Xianglong Han
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth

Abstract: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are relatively easy to isolate from exfoliated deciduous teeth, which are obtained via dental therapy as biological waste. SHEDs originate from the embryonic neural crest and therefore have considerable potential for neurogenic differentiation. Currently, an increasing amount of research attention is focused on the therapeutic applications of SHEDs in neurological diseases and injuries. In this article, we summarize the biological characteristics of SHEDs and the potential role of SHEDs and their derivatives, including conditioned medium from SHEDs and the exosomes they secrete, in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases and injuries.

scholarly journals Targeting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling Pathway in Leukemias

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (26) ◽  
pp. 4422-4432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Benekli ◽  
Heinz Baumann ◽  
Meir Wetzler
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Signal Transducer ◽  
Stat Proteins ◽  
Constitutive Activation ◽  
Targeting Signal ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Stat Pathway

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins comprise a seven-member family of latent cytoplasmic transcription factors that are activated through tyrosine phosphorylation by a variety of cytokines and growth factors. Aberrant activation of STATs accompanies malignant cellular transformation with resultant leukemogenesis. Constitutive activation of STATs has been demonstrated in various leukemias. A better understanding of the mechanisms of dysregulation of the STAT pathway and understanding of the cause and effect relationship in leukemogenesis may serve as a basis for designing novel therapeutic strategies directed against STATs. Mechanisms of STAT activation, the potential role of STAT signaling in leukemogenesis, and recent advances in drug discovery targeting the STAT pathway are the focus of this review.

scholarly journals m6A Demethylase FTO Promotes Tumor Progression via Regulation of Lipid Metabolism in Esophageal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Duan ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Liuya Wang ◽  
Qinghua Liu ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Ec Cells

Abstract BackgroundEpitranscriptomics studies have contributed greatly to the development of research on human cancers. In recent years, N6-methyladenosine (m6A), an RNA modification on the N-6 position of adenosine, has been found to play a potential role in epigenetic regulation. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the regulation of cancer progression properties by m6A. ResultsWe found that m6A demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) was highly expressed in esophageal cancer (EC) stem-like cells, and that its level was also substantially increased in EC tissues, which was closely correlated with a poor prognosis in EC patients. FTO knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, stemness, and tumorigenicity of EC cells, whereas FTO overexpression promoted these characteristics. Furthermore, integrated transcriptome and meRIP-seq analyses revealed that HSD17B11 may be a target gene regulated by FTO. Moreover, FTO promoted the formation of lipid droplets in EC cells by enhancing HSD17B11 expression. Furthermore, depleting YTHDF1 increased the protein level of HSD17B11. ConclusionsThese data indicate that FTO may rely on the reading protein YTHDF1 to affect the translation pathway of the HSD17B11 gene to regulate the formation of lipid droplets in EC cells, thereby promoting the development of EC. The understanding of the role of epitranscriptomics in the development of EC will lay a theoretical foundation for seeking new anticancer therapies.

scholarly journals Vacuolar H+-ATPase Subunit V0C Regulates Aerobic Glycolysis of Esophageal Cancer Cells via PKM2 Signaling

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Wook Son ◽  
Gia Cac Chau ◽  
Seong-Tae Kim ◽  
Sung Hee Um
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Glycolytic Enzyme ◽  
Ph Homeostasis ◽  
Atpase Subunit ◽  
Esophageal Cancer Cells

The vacuolar H+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) subunit V0C (ATP6V0C), a proton-conducting, pore-forming subunit of vacuolar ATPase, maintains pH homeostasis and induces organelle acidification. The intracellular and extracellular pH of cancer cells affects their growth; however, the role of ATP6V0C in highly invasive esophageal cancer cells (ECCs) remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of ATP6V0C in glucose metabolism in ECCs. The ATP6V0C depletion attenuated ECC proliferation, invasion, and suppressed glucose metabolism, as indicated by reduced glucose uptake and decreased lactate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in cells. Consistent with this, expression of glycolytic enzyme and the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were also decreased by ATP6V0C knockdown. Mechanistically, ATP6V0C interacted with pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), a key regulator of glycolysis in ECCs. The ATP6V0C depletion reduced PKM2 phosphorylation at tyrosine residue 105 (Tyr105), leading to inhibition of nuclear translocation of PKM2. In addition, ATP6V0C was recruited at hypoxia response element (HRE) sites in the lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) gene for glycolysis. Thus, our data suggest that ATP6V0C enhances aerobic glycolysis and motility in ECCs.

scholarly journals A Potential Role of Esophageal Cancer Related Gene-4 for Atrial Fibrillation

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Huang ◽  
Hua Yu ◽  
Xinrong Fan ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Liang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Cancer Related Gene ◽  
Gene 4

scholarly journals Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-D Activates Complement System to Propagate Macrophage Polarization and Neovascularization

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xiong ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
Wanhong Li ◽  
Lijuan Huang ◽  
Jianing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Cytokine Responses ◽  
Alternative Complement ◽  
The Complement System

Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) is highly expressed in immune cells. However, the potential role of PDGF-D in immune system remains thus far unclear. Here, we reveal a novel function of PDGF-D in activating both classical and alternative complement pathways that markedly increase chemokine and cytokine responses to promote macrophage polarization. Pharmacological targeting of the complement C3a receptor using SB290157 alleviated PDGF-D-induced neuroinflammation by blocking macrophage polarization and inhibited pathological choroidal neovascularization. Our study thus suggests that therapeutic strategies targeting both PDGF-D and the complement system may open up new possibilities for the treatment of neovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Veronica Zelli ◽  
Chiara Compagnoni ◽  
Roberta Capelli ◽  
Katia Cannita ◽  
Tina Sidoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Breast cancer (BC) is a common and heterogeneous disease, of which six molecular subtypes, characterized by different biological features and clinical outcomes, were described. The identification of additional biomarkers able to further connote and distinguish the different BC subtypes is essential to improve the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies in BC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA involved in several physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development and progression. In particular, circulating miRNAs, which can be found in an adequately stable structure in serum/plasma of cancer patients, are emerging as very promising non-invasive biomarkers. Several studies have analyzed the potential role of circulating miRNAs as prognostic and therapeutic markers in BC. In the present review we describe circulating miRNAs, identified as putative biomarker in BC, with special reference to different BC molecular subtypes.

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