scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Veronica Zelli ◽  
Chiara Compagnoni ◽  
Roberta Capelli ◽  
Katia Cannita ◽  
Tina Sidoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Breast cancer (BC) is a common and heterogeneous disease, of which six molecular subtypes, characterized by different biological features and clinical outcomes, were described. The identification of additional biomarkers able to further connote and distinguish the different BC subtypes is essential to improve the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies in BC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA involved in several physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development and progression. In particular, circulating miRNAs, which can be found in an adequately stable structure in serum/plasma of cancer patients, are emerging as very promising non-invasive biomarkers. Several studies have analyzed the potential role of circulating miRNAs as prognostic and therapeutic markers in BC. In the present review we describe circulating miRNAs, identified as putative biomarker in BC, with special reference to different BC molecular subtypes.

scholarly journals Clinical Translatability of “Identified” Circulating miRNAs for Diagnosing Breast Cancer: Overview and Update

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grimaldi ◽  
Incoronato
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Circulating Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Free Search

The effective management of patients with breast cancer (BC) depends on the early diagnosis of the disease. Currently, BC diagnosis is based on diagnostic imaging and biopsy, while the use of non-invasive circulating biomarkers for diagnosis remains an unmet need. Among the plethora of proposed non-invasive biomarkers, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered promising diagnostic molecules because they are very stable in biological fluids and easily detectable. Although the discovery of miRNAs has opened a new avenue for their clinical application, the clinical translatability of these molecules remains unclear. This review analyses the role of circulating miRNAs as BC diagnostic biomarkers and focuses on two essential requirements to evaluate their clinical validity: i) Specificity and ii) consistent expression between the blood and tissue. These two issues were analyzed in depth using the Human miRNA Disease Database (HMDD v3.0) and the free search engine PubMed. One hundred and sixty three BC-associated miRNAs were selected and analyzed for their specificity among all human pathologies that shared deregulation (291) and consistent expression in the bloodstream and the tissue. In addition, we provide an overview of the current clinical trials examining miRNAs in BC. In conclusion, we highlight pitfalls in the translatability of circulating miRNAs into clinical practice due to the lack of specificity and a consistent expression pattern between the tissue and blood.

scholarly journals Exosomes: A Forthcoming Era of Breast Cancer Therapeutics

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4672
Author(s):  
Banashree Bondhopadhyay ◽  
Sandeep Sisodiya ◽  
Faisal Abdulrahman Alzahrani ◽  
Muhammed A. Bakhrebah ◽  
Atul Chikara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Liquid Biopsies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Circulating Markers

Despite the recent advancements in therapeutics and personalized medicine, breast cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers among women. The prognostic and diagnostic aids mainly include assessment of tumor tissues with conventional methods towards better therapeutic strategies. However, current era of gene-based research may influence the treatment outcome particularly as an adjunct to diagnostics by exploring the role of non-invasive liquid biopsies or circulating markers. The characterization of tumor milieu for physiological fluids has been central to identifying the role of exosomes or small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). These exosomes provide necessary communication between tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The manipulation of exosomes in TME may provide promising diagnostic/therapeutic strategies, particularly in triple-negative breast cancer patients. This review has described and highlighted the role of exosomes in breast carcinogenesis and how they could be used or targeted by recent immunotherapeutics to achieve promising intervention strategies.

Identification of non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Asima Tayyab
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Breast Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Purpose ◽  
Diagnose Breast Cancer ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Early Stages

Despite decades of research, diagnostic tests with specificity and accuracy for early breast cancer are yet unavailable. Major problems associated with poor diagnosis are either due to incompetency of reported biomarkers or small volume of patients under study. Moreover, heterogeneity of the disease further complicates the struggle of identifying effective biomarkers. Therefore, to improve the survival rate, look for new, sensitive and specific biomarkers for early breast cancer diagnosis is need of hour. In this study, we have reviewed recently reported serum biomarkers and categorized them based on their biomolecular nature such as protein, ctDNA, epigenetics regulation and miRNA. Potential role of these available biomarkers in early diagnosis of breast cancer has also been discussed. Based on the facts obtained from literature review, it is revealed that using any individual biomolecule as a biomarker is not sufficient to diagnose breast cancer at early stages rather it is suggested that a panel of proteins or miRNAs would offer better sensitivity and specificity. Whereas, unavailability of a potential ctDNA and epigenetics regulation candidate for diagnostic purpose is and suggest the use of more sophisticated techniques to unwound these regulations in serum especially at early stages of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Novel Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Osteosarcoma: A Systematic Review

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Thaís Borges Gally ◽  
Milena Magalhães Aleluia ◽  
Grasiely Faccin Borges ◽  
Carla Martins Kaneto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Number Of Publications

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a fast-progressing bone tumor with high incidence in children and adolescents. The main diagnostic methods for OS are imaging exams and biopsies. In spite of the several resources available for detecting the disease, establishing an early diagnosis is still difficult, resulting in worse prognosis and lower survival rates for patients with OS. The identification of novel biomarkers would be helpful, and recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been pointed to as possible non-invasive biomarkers. In order to assess the effectiveness of miRNA research, we performed a systematic review to assess the potential role of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for OS diagnosis. We performed a search in various databases—PubMed, LILACS (Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), VHL (Virtual Health Library), Elsevier, Web of Science, Gale Academic One File—using the terms: “Circulating microRNAs” OR “plasma microRNAs” OR “serum microRNAs” OR “blood microRNAs” OR “cell-free microRNAs” OR “exosome microRNAs” OR “extracellular vesicles microRNAs” OR “liquid biopsy” AND “osteosarcoma” AND “diagnostic”. We found 35 eligible studies that were independently identified and had had their quality assessed according to Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) guidelines. Despite the useful number of publications on this subject and the fact that several microRNAs showed excellent diagnostic performance for OS, the lack of consistency in results suggests that additional prospective studies are needed to confirm the role of circulating miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in OS.

scholarly journals Prognostic and Clinicopathological Significance of MiR-155 in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5834
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Grimaldi ◽  
Silvia Nuzzo ◽  
Gerolama Condorelli ◽  
Marco Salvatore ◽  
Mariarosaria Incoronato
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinicopathological Significance ◽  
Present Systematic Review

There is an unmet need for novel non-invasive prognostic molecular tumour markers for breast cancer (BC). Accumulating evidence shows that miR-155 plays a pivotal role in tumorigenesis. Generally, miR-155 is considered an oncogenic miRNA promoting tumour growth, angiogenesis and aggressiveness of BC. Therefore, many researchers have focused on its use as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, its prognostic value for BC patients remains controversial. To address this issue, the present systematic review aims to summarize the available evidence and give a picture of a prognostic significance of miR-155 in BC pathology. All eligible studies were searched on PubMed and EMBASE databases through various search strategies. Starting from 289 potential eligible records, data were examined from 28 studies, comparing tissue and circulating miR-155 expression levels with clinicopathological features and survival rates in BC patients. We discuss the pitfalls and challenges that need to be assessed to understand the power of miR-155 to respond to real clinical needs, highlighting the consistency, robustness or lack of results obtained to sate in translating this molecule to clinical practice. Our paper suggests that the prognostic role of miR-155 in the management of BC needs to be further verified.

The potential role of ERβ isoforms in the clinical management of breast cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Green ◽  
M B Peter ◽  
V Speirs ◽  
A M Shaaban
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Potential Role

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs in Blood and Other Body Fluids as Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Response in Lung Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Luis Vicente Gayosso-Gómez ◽  
Blanca Ortiz-Quintero
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Potential Clinical Application

The identification of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood and other body fluids has led to considerable research interest in investigating their potential clinical application as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer, including lung cancer, the deadliest malignancy worldwide. Several studies have found that alterations in the levels of miRNAs in circulation are able to discriminate lung cancer patients from healthy individuals (diagnosis) and are associated with patient outcome (prognosis) and treatment response (prediction). Increasing evidence indicates that circulating miRNAs may function as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, affecting biological processes associated with tumor initiation and progression. This review is focused on the most recent studies that provide evidence of the potential value of circulating miRNAs in blood and other body fluids as non-invasive biomarkers of lung cancer in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment. The status of their potential clinical application in lung cancer is also discussed, and relevant clinical trials were sought and are described. Because of the relevance of their biological characteristics and potential value as biomarkers, this review provides an overview of the canonical biogenesis, release mechanisms, and biological role of miRNAs in lung cancer.

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