scholarly journals Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Latest Developments with a Focus on Combinatory Strategies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995
Author(s):  
Raphaëlle Youf ◽  
Max Müller ◽  
Ali Balasini ◽  
Franck Thétiot ◽  
Mareike Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatments ◽  
Carrier Systems ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a fundamental tool in modern therapeutics, notably due to the expanding versatility of photosensitizers (PSs) and the numerous possibilities to combine aPDT with other antimicrobial treatments to combat localized infections. After revisiting the basic principles of aPDT, this review first highlights the current state of the art of curative or preventive aPDT applications with relevant clinical trials. In addition, the most recent developments in photochemistry and photophysics as well as advanced carrier systems in the context of aPDT are provided, with a focus on the latest generations of efficient and versatile PSs and the progress towards hybrid-multicomponent systems. In particular, deeper insight into combinatory aPDT approaches is afforded, involving non-radiative or other light-based modalities. Selected aPDT perspectives are outlined, pointing out new strategies to target and treat microorganisms. Finally, the review works out the evolution of the conceptually simple PDT methodology towards a much more sophisticated, integrated, and innovative technology as an important element of potent antimicrobial strategies.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art of Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramjee Prasad ◽  
Purva Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Turing Test ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a technology has existed for less than a century. In spite of this, it has managed to achieve great strides. The rapid progress made in this field has aroused the curiosity of many technologists around the globe and many companies across various domains are curious to explore its potential. For a field that has achieved so much in such a short duration, it is imperative that people who aim to work in Artificial Intelligence, study its origins, recent developments, and future possibilities of expansion to gain a better insight into the field. This paper encapsulates the notable progress made in Artificial Intelligence starting from its conceptualization to its current state and future possibilities, in various fields. It covers concepts like a Turing machine, Turing test, historical developments in Artificial Intelligence, expert systems, big data, robotics, current developments in Artificial Intelligence across various fields, and future possibilities of exploration.

Photodynamic therapy with nanoparticles to combat microbial infection and resistance

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (41) ◽  
pp. 21034-21059
Author(s):  
Alina Bekmukhametova ◽  
Herleen Ruprai ◽  
James M. Hook ◽  
Damia Mawad ◽  
Jessica Houang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Nanoparticulate Systems

Recent developments of nanoparticles and nanoparticulate systems in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, focusing on drug-resistant microbes, cellular interactions, and safety considerations.

scholarly journals Design of Photosensitizing Agents for Targeted Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5239
Author(s):  
Maxime Klausen ◽  
Muhammed Ucuncu ◽  
Mark Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Type I ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Photodynamic Inactivation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Photosensitizing Agents ◽  
Recent Developments

Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms has gained substantial attention due to its unique mode of action, in which pathogens are unable to generate resistance, and due to the fact that it can be applied in a minimally invasive manner. In photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) is activated by a specific wavelength of light and generates highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2−, type-I mechanism) or singlet oxygen (1O2*, type-II mechanism). Although it offers many advantages over conventional treatment methods, ROS-mediated microbial killing is often faced with the issues of accessibility, poor selectivity and off-target damage. Thus, several strategies have been employed to develop target-specific antimicrobial PDT (aPDT). This includes conjugation of known PS building-blocks to either non-specific cationic moieties or target-specific antibiotics and antimicrobial peptides, or combining them with targeting nanomaterials. In this review, we summarise these general strategies and related challenges, and highlight recent developments in targeted aPDT.

Recent insight into functional crystalline porous frameworks for cancer photodynamic therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Wen-Xiu Ren ◽  
Fei Kong ◽  
Yu-Bin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Recent Insight

We summarize and illustrate the recent developments of MOF- and COF-based nanomedicines for PDT and its combined antitumor treatments. Furthermore, major challenges and future development prospects in this field are also discussed.

No fear of George Kingsley Zipf

10.1558/37291 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-263
Author(s):  
Stefano Rastelli ◽  
Kook-Hee Gil
Keyword(s):  
Minimalist Program ◽  
Classroom Research ◽  
Language Design ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Generative Linguistics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Factor Effect ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Insight Into

This paper offers a new insight into GenSLA classroom research in light of recent developments in the Minimalist Program (MP). Recent research in GenSLA has shown how generative linguistics and acquisition studies can inform the language classroom, mostly focusing on what linguistic aspects of target properties should be integrated as a part of the classroom input. Based on insights from Chomsky’s ‘three factors for language design’ – which bring together the Faculty of Language, input and general principles of economy and efficient computation (the third factor effect) for language development – we put forward a theoretical rationale for how classroom research can offer a unique environment to test the learnability in L2 through the statistical enhancement of the input to which learners are exposed.

Regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis following implant surface decontamination with titanium brush and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: a case series with reentry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Poli ◽  
Francisley Avila Souza ◽  
Mattia Manfredini ◽  
Carlo Maiorana ◽  
Mario Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Surface Decontamination

Not required for Clinical case letters according to the authors' guidelines.

Green Synthesized Nanomaterials as Theranostic Platforms for Cancer Treatment: Principles, Challenges and the Road Ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pala Rajasekharreddy ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Siddhardha Busi ◽  
Jobina Rajkumari ◽  
Ming-Hong Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
Insight Into

With the emergence of nanotechnology, new methods have been developed for engineering various nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Nanotheranostics is a burgeoning research field with tremendous prospects for the improvement of diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, the development of biocompatible and efficient drug/gene delivery theranostic systems still remains a challenge. Green synthetic approach of nanoparticles with low capital and operating expenses, reduced environmental pollution and better biocompatibility and stability is a latest and novel field, which is advantageous over chemical or physical nanoparticle synthesis methods. In this article, we summarize the recent research progresses related to green synthesized nanoparticles for cancer theranostic applications, and we also conclude with a look at the current challenges and insight into the future directions based on recent developments in these areas.

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