scholarly journals Influence of Environmental Factors on the Genetic and Chemical Diversity of Brickellia veronicifolia Populations Growing in Fragmented Shrublands from Mexico

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Yesenia Pacheco-Hernández ◽  
Nemesio Villa-Ruano ◽  
Edmundo Lozoya-Gloria ◽  
César Augusto Barrales-Cortés ◽  
Fabiola Eloisa Jiménez-Montejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Fragmented Habitats ◽  
Mantel Tests ◽  
Per Se

Brickellia veronicifolia is a native Asteraceae from Mexico that persists in fragmented habitats. This investigation reports the genetic and chemical diversity of B. veronicifolia. The diversity analysis based on iPBS markers showed an averaged Shannon index (S) of 0.3493, a Nei genetic diversity (h) of 0.2256, and a percentage of polymorphic loci average (P) of 80.7867%. The population structure obtained by AMOVA revealed that the highest variation found within populations was 94.58%. GC-MS profiling of six populations indicated that major volatiles were β–caryophyllene (11.63%), spathulenol (12.85%), caryophyllene oxide (13.98%), α–cadinol (7.04%), cubedol (6.72%) and tau-muurolol (4.81%). Mantel tests suggested a statistically significant relationship between minor volatiles and geographical distance (r = 0.6163; p = 0.0470; p ˂ 0.05). Likewise, major volatiles showed a significant correlation with the soil pH (r = 0.6862; p = 0.0230) and maximum temperature (r = 0.4999; p = 0.0280). Our study suggests that the variation and genetic divergence of B. veronicifolia has no relationship with climatic parameters, whereas the volatiles are probably influenced by environmental factors and not by the genotype per se. Based on the characteristics of B. veronicifolia, this plant could be considered as a candidate for restoring fragmented shrublands in Mexico.

scholarly journals Influence of environmental factors on the genetic variation of the aquatic macrophyte Ranunculus subrigidus on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Wu ◽  
Xinwei Xu ◽  
Juan Zhang ◽  
Gerhard Wiegleb ◽  
Hongwei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Elevation Gradients ◽  
Mantel Tests ◽  
Genetic Patterns

Abstract Background Due to the environmental heterogeneity along elevation gradients, alpine ecosystems are ideal study objects for investigating how ecological variables shape the genetic patterns of natural species. The highest region in the world, the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, is a hotspot for the studies of evolutionary processes in plants. Many large rivers spring from the plateau, providing abundant habitats for aquatic and amphibious organisms. In the present study, we examined the genetic diversity of 13 Ranunculus subrigidus populations distributed throughout the plateau in order to elucidate the relative contribution of geographic distance and environmental dissimilarity to the spatial genetic pattern. Results A relatively low level of genetic diversity within populations was found. No spatial genetic structure was suggested by the analyses of molecular variance, Bayesian clustering analysis and Mantel tests. Partial Mantel tests and multiple matrix regression analysis showed a significant influence of the environment on the genetic divergence of the species. Both climatic and water quality variables contribute to the habitat heterogeneity of R. subrigidus populations. Conclusions Our results suggest that historical processes involving long-distance dispersal and local adaptation may account for the genetic patterns of R. subrigidus and current environmental factors play an important role in the genetic differentiation and local adaptation of aquatic plants in alpine landscapes.

The Effect of Climate Change on the Health of Aged People in Ibadan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J. Kehinde ◽  
A. T. Adeboyejo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Component Scores ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Susceptibility to ill health among aged people had been linked with climate change impacts in rapidly urbanising cities. Therefore, this study evaluates to the vulnerability of aged people to the health impacts of climate change in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on clinically diagnosed climate related diseases (CRDs) (2000 – 2014) among aged people (>50 years) and temperature and rainfall parameters (1970 – 2007) in Ibadan were obtained and projected to year 2050. Also, the relationship between the climatic parameters and incidence of the five most prevalent CRDs were analysed using multiple regression. The increasing trend of mean maximum temperature (r = 0.47) and rainfall (r = 0.15) is associated with incidences of hypertension (34.4%), respiratory diseases (21.2%) and diarrhoea (14.3%) among aged people (> 60 years), mostly male folk (67.2%). The linear composite of disease communalities extracted 84.0% variance of the data set with the following component scores: skin disease (0.98), hypertension (0.96), respiratory disease (0.92), diarrhoea (0.89) and malaria (0.45). Further, CRDs (R2 = 27%, p = 0.012) in Ibadan among aged people could be significantly attributed to influences of climatic parameters. The study suggests building aged peoples’ resilience to emanating impacts through health and nutritional improvement programs, and re-introduction of neighbourhood parks and gardens.

scholarly journals Factors driving diversity and succession of diatom assemblages in a Neotropical rainforest stream

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhon Charles Donato Rondón ◽  
Yaira Ayarith Abuhatab Aragón
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Diatom Assemblages ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
Neotropical Streams ◽  
Biogeographic Region ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Neotropical Rainforest

This study assessed short-term succession and related changes in diversity and succession of benthic diatom assemblages in a tropical rainforest stream in the biogeographic region of Chocó, Colombia. Diatom colonization in situ was studied over a 60-day period, in which we analyzed the number of valves and the taxonomic changes. The Shannon index ranged from 2.06 to 3.02 bits. A total of 127 species were identified and the most abundant were acidophilic species such as Eunotia intermedia, E. veneris, E. bilunaris var. mucophila, E. pirla and E. bilunaris. A Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis (DCCA) was used to explore the succession of diatom assemblages and its driving environmental factors. The DCCA explained 74.1% of the correlation between environmental variables and diatom species and 16.2% of the data variance. The species fell into four groups, the first group (Eunotia incisa, Frustulia saxonica, Fragilaria capucina var. acatu, among others) was related to lower nitrate concentrations, acidic pH and lower water temperature. The second group (Fragilaria capensis, Gomphonema olivaceum, Cymbella gracilis, among others) was associated to higher alkalinity and lower solar radiation availability. The third group (Nitzschia obtusa, N. amphibia, Naviculadicta vitabunda, Navicula cryptocephala, among others) was related to lower phosphate, higher nitrate concentrations, lower pH, and higher temperatures. The fourth group (Eunotia soleirolli, Frustulia vulgaris and F. rhomboides) was associated with higher solar radiation and lower alkalinity. These results underscore the importance of diatom diversity in Neotropical streams and the relevance of small variations in environmental factors on the composition of reference assemblages of Neotropical fluvial systems.

Do microbial communities adapt to the temperature of their climate?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tajmel ◽  
Carla Cruz Paredes ◽  
Johannes Rousk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Temperature Relationship ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
The Impact

<p>Terrestrial biogeochemical cycles are regulated by soil microorganisms. The microbial carbon release due to respiration and carbon sequestration through microbial growth determine whether soils become sources or sinks for carbon. Temperature i​s one of the most important environmental factors controlling both microbial growth and respiration. Therefore, to understand the influence of temperature on microbial processes is crucial. One strategy to predict how ecosystems will respond to warming is to use geographical ecosystem differences, in space-for-time (SFT) substitution approaches. We hypothesized (1) that microbes should be adapted to their environmental temperature leading to microbial communities with warm-shifted temperature relationships in warmer environments, and vice versa. Furthermore, we hypothesized  (2) that other factors should not influence microbial temperature relationships, and (3) that the temperature sensitivity of microbial processes (Q10) should be linked to the microbial temperature relationships.</p><p> </p><p>In this project, we investigated the effects of environmental temperature on microbial temperature relationships for microbial growth and respiration along a natural climate gradient along a transect across Europe to predict the impact of a warming climate. The transect was characterized by mean annual temperature (MAT) ranging from - 4 degrees Celsius (Greenland) to 18 degrees Celsius (Southern Spain), while other environmental factor ranges were broad and unrelated to climate, including pH from 4.0 to 8.8, C/N ratio from 7 to 50, SOM from 4% to 94% and plant communities ranging from arctic tundra to Mediterranean grasslands. More than 56 soil samples were analyzed and microbial temperature relationships were determined using controlled short-term laboratory incubations from 0 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius. The link between microbial temperature relationship and the climate was assessed by using the relationship between the environmental temperature and indices for microbial temperature relationships including the minimum (T<sub>min</sub>), optimum (T<sub>opt</sub>) and maximum temperature (T<sub>max</sub>) for microbial growth as well as for respiration. To estimate the T<sub>min</sub>, T<sub>opt </sub>and T<sub>max </sub>the square root equation, the Ratkowsky model was used.</p><p> </p><p>We found that microbial communities were adapted to their environmental temperature. The microbial temperature relationship was stronger for microbial growth than for respiration. For 1 degrees Celsius rise in MAT, T<sub>min </sub>increased 0.22 degrees Celsius for bacterial and 0.28 degrees Celsius for fungal growth, while T<sub>min </sub>for respiration increased by 0.16 per 1 degrees Celsius rise. T<sub>min </sub>was also found to be universally linked to Q10, such that higher T<sub>min </sub>resulted in higher Q10. Other environmental factors (pH, C/N ratio, SOM, vegetation cover) did not influence the temperature relationships. By incorporating the determined relationships between environmental temperature and microbial growth and respiration into large scale ecosystem models, we can get a better understanding of the influence of microbial adaptation to warmer climate on the C-exchange between soils and atmosphere.</p>

Irrigated pasture productivity and its variability in the Shepparton region of northern Victoria

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (121) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Pasture Productivity

The seasonal distribution and variability of growth of three types of irrigated pastures were measured at Kyabram over a period of up to seven years. The pasture types studied were (1) paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum)-dominant perennial pasture, (2) ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/clover (Trifolium repens) perennial pasture, and (3) annual pasture based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) and Wimmera ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). The influence of environmental factors on the year-to-year variability in monthly growth rates was also examined. Annual growth curves were constructed for each pasture type, and examination of the variability about each monthly mean indicated that the spring months, and October in particular, were the most variable months for pasture growth. Environmental factors were found to account for part of the year-to-year variation in pasture growth of paspalum pastures in August, September, October, November and April. Higher mean maximum temperatures significantly increased growth in September, October and April, with the greatest response occurring in October; hours of sunshine was the significant factor influencing growth in August and November. Annual pasture growth also responded to changes in mean maximum temperature or hours of sunshine in September and October. The comparative mean annual production of paspalum pasture, ryegrass/clover pasture and annual pasture was 18.3, 18.3 and 11.0 t DM/ha, respectively. These levels of production represented 1.1, 1.2 and 1.6% conversion of photosynthetically active radiation during the growing period of the three pasture types, respectively. These levels of productivity and the animal production that should result, suggest that the pasture productivity on many irrigated dairy farms is either very low or the pasture that is grown is inefficiently utilized. Because animal productivity depends on pasture productivity more than any other single factor, farmers should make improvement of pasture growth their major aim while having regard for the variability in growth that can result from variations in environmental factors.

scholarly journals Synthesis and chemical diversity analysis of bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-en-2-ones

Tetrahedron ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (31) ◽  
pp. 5852-5862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared T. Hammill ◽  
Julia Contreras-García ◽  
Aaron M. Virshup ◽  
David N. Beratan ◽  
Weitao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Diversity Analysis

scholarly journals Ensuring that fundamentals of quantitative microbiology are reflected in microbial diversity analyses based on next-generation sequencing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J Schmidt ◽  
Ellen S Cameron ◽  
Kirsten M Müller ◽  
Monica B Emelko
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Library Size ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Microbiological Methods

Diversity analysis of amplicon sequencing data is mainly limited to plug-in estimates calculated using normalized data to obtain a single value of an alpha diversity metric or a single point on a beta diversity ordination plot for each sample. As recognized for count data generated using classical microbiological methods, read counts obtained from a sample are random data linked to source properties by a probabilistic process. Thus, diversity analysis has focused on diversity of (normalized) samples rather than probabilistic inference about source diversity. This study applies fundamentals of statistical analysis for quantitative microbiology (e.g., microscopy, plating, most probable number methods) to sample collection and processing procedures of amplicon sequencing methods to facilitate inference reflecting the probabilistic nature of such data and evaluation of uncertainty in diversity metrics. Types of random error are described and clustering of microorganisms in the source, differential analytical recovery during sample processing, and amplification are found to invalidate a multinomial relative abundance model. The zeros often abounding in amplicon sequencing data and their implications are addressed, and Bayesian analysis is applied to estimate the source Shannon index given unnormalized data (both simulated and real). Inference about source diversity is found to require knowledge of the exact number of unique variants in the source, which is practically unknowable due to library size limitations and the inability to differentiate zeros corresponding to variants that are actually absent in the source from zeros corresponding to variants that were merely not detected. Given these problems with estimation of diversity in the source even when the basic multinomial model is valid, sample-level diversity analysis approaches are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Host, Habitat and Fasting Time on the Gut Microbiota of Amphibian

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Tong ◽  
Li-yong Cui ◽  
Zong-fu Hu ◽  
Xiao-peng Du ◽  
Hong-bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Fasting Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Late Stages

Abstract Wild animals entering captivity experience radical lifestyle changes resulting in microbiota alterations, in large part due to differences in diet. However, little is known about how external environmental factors influences the gut microbiota and the interaction of the environment-host-microbe interactions in host fasting. The gut microbiota in the early stage (amA and dyA groups) and late stage of hibernation in Rana amurensis and R. dybowskii of entering captivity (amL and dyL groups) and wild environments (amS and dyS groups) was determined, and the effects of host, environmental factors and fasting time on the gut microbiota were investigated via high-throughput Illumina sequencing. The Shannon index differed significantly between the amL and dyL groups and between the amA and amS groups. The PD index differed significantly between the dyL and dyS groups. Eight core OTUs were widely distributed between species, habitats and fasting times and were dominant in abundance. Captive and wild environments, host species, and fasting time significantly affected the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. Akaike information criterion (AIC)-based model results suggested that the environment and host were the variables that needed to be included in redundancy analysis (RDA) to explain the variance in taxa. The pairwise distances between the early and late stages of hibernation of were greater in R. amurensis and R. dybowskii entering captivity than in wild. The average of OTUs shared by early and late stages of hibernation of captive frogs was significantly lower than the average of wild frogs. These results can reveal the impact of environmental changes on the gut microbiota, thereby revealing the important interactions between environment-host-microbes, and helping to protect vertebrate hosts.

scholarly journals Fluctuation of total number of fish larvae and their mass types depending on environmental factors in the Mesha bay of the Kuibyshev reservoir in 2012-2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Alekseevich Kuznetsov ◽  
Yuri Aleksandrovich Severov ◽  
Vladimir Vyacheslavovich Kuznetsov ◽  
Firdauz Mubarakovna Shakirova
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Third Place ◽  
The Third ◽  
Spring Period

The article analyzes fluctuations of the number of fish larvae in the littoral of the Mesha Bay of the Kuibyshev Reservoir in the spring period of 2012-2018 in relation to the level and tem-perature regimes. The assessment of their species diversity has been given. In these years there were found 7-13 larvae species in catches. The minimal number of larvae species in the catches were registered in 2013, the maximum number - in 2018. The total number of fish larvae varied in these years 57.4-807.0 sp/effort. In terms of 1m3 it made 807.0-5659.1specimens. For all the years of research roach larvae were the dominant species in the catches, ranging from 42.7% to 80.7% of the total catch. The average number of roach larvae was 105.8 sp/effort. The second place in the catches belonged to bream larvae whose average number made 43.4sp/effort (their average part in catches is 29.3%). The third place in the catches in different years belonged to ide larvae, silver bream, bleak and silver crucian. Among them silver bream larvae had the greatest number - 7.5 sp/effort. Larvae of Ide, bleak and silver crucian on average ranged 3.2-3.8 sp/effort. The largest magnitude of the number fluctuation was found in silver bream and bleak. Their variation coefficient ranged within 115.9-117.1%. Bream had a relatively steady replenishment of the larvae (Cv = 37.9%). There is a positive correlation between the abundance (sp.) of roach and bream larvae, but between the abundance indicators (%) the correlation is negative, i.e. the higher the percentage of roach dominance, the smaller the proportion of bream in the catches. Within 2012-2018 Shannon index of species diversity in fish larvae ranged from 0.96 to 2.09 bits. There is a negative correlation between Shannon index and indices of abundance of roach and bream larvae

scholarly journals Environmental and Genetic Regulation of Plant Height in Soybean

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Yang ◽  
Gaoming Lin ◽  
Huiyong Lv ◽  
Cunhu Wang ◽  
Yongqing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Soybean Plant ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Shoot Architecture ◽  
Average Maximum

Abstract Background: Shoot architecture is fundamentally crucial to crop growth and productivity. As a key component of shoot architecture, plant height is known to be controlled by both genetic and environmental factors, though specific details remain scarce.Results: In this study, 308 representative soybean lines from a core collection and 168 F9 soybean progeny were planted at distinct field sites. The results demonstrated the presence of significant genotype × environment interaction (G × E) effects on traits associated with plant height in a natural soybean population. In total, 19 loci containing 51 QTLs (quantitative trait locus) for plant height were identified across four environments, with 23, 13 and 15 being QTLs for SH (shoot height), SNN (stem node number) and AIL (average internode length), respectively. Significant LOD ranging from 2.50 to 16.46 explained 2.80% - 26.10% of phenotypic variation. Intriguingly, only two loci, Loc11 and Loc19-1, containing 20 QTLs, were simultaneously detected across all environments. Results from Pearson correlation analysis and PCA (principal component analysis) revealed that each of the five agro-meteorological factors and four soil properties significantly affected soybean plant height traits, and that the corresponding QTLs had additive effects. Among significant environmental factors, AD (average day-length), AMaT (average maximum temperature), pH, and AN (available nitrogen) had the largest impacts on soybean plant height. Therefore, in spite of uncontrollable agro-meteorological factors, soybean shoot architecture might be remolded through combined efforts to produce superior soybean genetic materials while also optimizing soil properties.Conclusions: Overall, the comprehensive set of relationships outlined herein among environment factors, soybean genotypes and QTLs in effects on plant height opens new avenues to explore in work aiming to increase soybean yield through improvements in shoot architecture.

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