scholarly journals Simultaneous Biochemical and Physiological Responses of the Roots and Leaves of Pancratium maritimum (Amaryllidaceae) to Mild Salt Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Simona Carfagna ◽  
Giovanna Salbitani ◽  
Michele Innangi ◽  
Bruno Menale ◽  
Olga De Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Organic Osmolytes ◽  
Glutathione Disulfide ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Pancratium Maritimum

Pancratium maritimum (Amaryllidaceae) is a bulbous geophyte growing on coastal sands. In this study, we investigated changes in concentrations of metabolites in the root and leaf tissue of P. maritimum in response to mild salt stress. Changes in concentrations of osmolytes, glutathione, sodium, mineral nutrients, enzymes, and other compounds in the leaves and roots were measured at 0, 3, and 10 days during a 10-day exposure to two levels of mild salt stress, 50 mM NaCl or 100 mM NaCl in sandy soil from where the plants were collected in dunes near Cuma, Italy. Sodium accumulated in the roots, and relatively little was translocated to the leaves. At both concentrations of NaCl, higher values of the concentrations of oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), compared to reduced glutathione (GSH), in roots and leaves were associated with salt tolerance. The concentration of proline increased more in the leaves than in the roots, and glycine betaine increased in both roots and leaves. Differences in the accumulation of organic osmolytes and electron donors synthesized in both leaves and roots demonstrate that osmoregulatory and electrical responses occur in these organs of P. maritimum under mild salt stress.

scholarly journals Sodium Chloride-Induced Salt Stress Responses of Antioxidative Activities in Leaves and Roots of Pistachio Rootstock

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akbari ◽  
Ramesh katam ◽  
Rabab Husain ◽  
Mostafa Farajpour ◽  
Silvia Mazzuca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Salinity substantially affects plant growth and crop productivity worldwide. Plants adopt several biochemical mechanisms including regulation of antioxidant biosynthesis to protect themselves against the toxic effects induced by the stress. One-year-old Pistachio rootstock exhibiting different degrees of salinity tolerance were subjected to sodium chloride induced salt stress to identify genetic diversity among cultivated pistachio rootstock for their antioxidant responses, and to determine the correlation of these enzymes to salinity stress. Leaves and roots were harvested following NaCl-induced stress. Results show that a higher concentration of NaCl treatment induced oxidative stress in the leaf tissue and to a lesser extent in the roots. Both tissues showed an increase in ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and malondialdehyde. Responses of antioxidant enzymes were cultivar dependent, as well as temporal and dependent on the salinity level. Linear and quadratic regression model analysis revealed significant correlation of enzyme activities to salinity treatment in both tissues. The variation in salinity tolerance reflected their capabilities in orchestrating antioxidant enzymes at the roots and harmonized across the cell membranes of the leaves. The study provides a better understanding of root and leaf coordination in regulating the antioxidant enzymes to NaCl induced oxidative stress.

Mechanism by which salt stress induces physiological responses and regulates tanshinone synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Wancong Yu ◽  
Yue Yu ◽  
Ceng Wang ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Zhaohui Xue
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses

scholarly journals Ethylene reduces glucose sensitivity and reverses photosynthetic repression through optimization of glutathione production in salt-stressed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zebus Sehar ◽  
Noushina Iqbal ◽  
M. Iqbal R. Khan ◽  
Asim Masood ◽  
Md. Tabish Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Buthionine Sulfoximine ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Glucose Sensitivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Stressful Environments

AbstractEthylene plays a crucial role throughout the life cycle of plants under optimal and stressful environments. The present study reports the involvement of exogenously sourced ethylene (as ethephon; 2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) in the protection of the photosynthetic activity from glucose (Glu) sensitivity through its influence on the antioxidant system for adaptation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants under salt stress. Ten-day-old plants were subjected to control and 100 mM NaCl and treated with 200 µl L−1 ethephon on foliage at 20 days after seed sowing individually or in combination with 6% Glu. Plants receiving ethylene exhibited higher growth and photosynthesis through reduced Glu sensitivity in the presence of salt stress. Moreover, ethylene-induced reduced glutathione (GSH) production resulted in increased psbA and psbB expression to protect PSII activity and photosynthesis under salt stress. The use of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), GSH biosynthesis inhibitor, substantiated the involvement of ethylene-induced GSH in the reversal of Glu-mediated photosynthetic repression in salt-stressed plants. It was suggested that ethylene increased the utilization of Glu under salt stress through its influence on photosynthetic potential and sink strength and reduced the Glu-mediated repression of photosynthesis.

scholarly journals Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia japonica Steud.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Cong An ◽  
Hailin Guo ◽  
Xiangyang Yang ◽  
Jingbo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Zoysia Japonica ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background: Areas with saline soils are sparsely populated and have fragile ecosystems, which severely restricts the sustainable development of local economies. Zoysia grasses are recognized as excellent warm-season turfgrasses worldwide, with high salt tolerance and superior growth in saline-alkali soils. However, the mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of Zoysia species remains unknown. Results: The phenotypic and physiological responses of two contrasting materials, Zoysia japonica Steud. Z004 (salt sensitive) and Z011 (salt tolerant) in response to salt stress were studied. The results show that Z011 was more salt tolerant than was Z004, with the former presenting greater K+/Na+ ratios in both its leaves and roots. To study the molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance further, we compared the transcriptomes of the two materials at different time points (0 h, 1 h, 24 h, and 72 h) and from different tissues (leaves and roots) under salt treatment. The 24-h time point and the roots might make significant contributions to the salt tolerance. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in the salt-stress response belonged to the hormone pathway, various TF families and the DUF family. Conclusions: Z011 may have improved salt tolerance by reducing Na+ transport from the roots to the leaves, increasing K+ absorption in the roots and reducing K+ secretion from the leaves to maintain a significantly greater K+/Na+ ratio. Twenty-four hours might be a relatively important time point for the salt-stress response of zoysiagrass. The auxin signal transduction family, ABA signal transduction family, WRKY TF family and bHLH TF family may be the most important families in Zoysia salt-stress regulation. This study provides fundamental information concerning the salt-stress response of Zoysia and improves the understanding of molecular mechanisms in salt-tolerant plants.

scholarly journals Genome-wide transcriptional and physiological responses to drought stress in leaves and roots of two willow genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Pucholt ◽  
Per Sjödin ◽  
Martin Weih ◽  
Ann Christin Rönnberg-Wästljung ◽  
Sofia Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Leaves And Roots

Partitioning of photosynthetic carbohydrates in leaves of salt-stressed olive plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Gucci ◽  
Annick Moing ◽  
Elisabetta Gravano ◽  
Jean Pierre Gaudillère
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Chase Period ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon ◽  
Diurnal Period

Changes in photosynthetic carbon partitioning were determined, during 14CO2 pulse-chase experiments, in fully-expanded leaves of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Frantoio) plants treated in containers with 100 mM NaCl for 5 weeks and compared with partitioning in leaves of untreated plants. Salt stress caused an increase in the radioactivity partitioned into mannitol and a decrease of that recovered as glucose. The radioactivity in sucrose was significantly reduced in salt-treated plants after 19.5 min of chase. There was no difference between the two treatments in the radioactivity found in fructose and galactose, whereas a significant decrease in the radioactivity found in stachyose and raffinose of salt-treated leaves was observed after 19.5 min chase. The radioactivity incorporated into starch was 11 and 16% of the total in control and salt-treated leaves respectively. There were no significant differences in the leaf pools of soluble carbohydrates over the chase period, except for mannitol which increased in the leaf tissue of salt-treated plants. Over the course of the diurnal period, and under high irradiance conditions, the leaf mannitol content increased more markedly in salt-treated plants than in the controls. In contrast, contents of other nonstructural carbohydrates were not affected by the 100 mM NaCl treatment.

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