scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts on Pathogenic Fungi of Blueberry (Vaccinium sp.)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Abraham Hernández-Ceja ◽  
Pedro Damián Loeza-Lara ◽  
Francisco Javier Espinosa-García ◽  
Yolanda M. García-Rodríguez ◽  
José Roberto Medina-Medrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Dieback Disease ◽  
Hexanedioic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Three pathogenic fungi of blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) responsible for dieback disease, identified as Pestalotiopsis clavispora, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, were isolated in the northwestern region of the state of Michoacán, Mexico. The mycelial growth in vitro of these fungi was inhibited by extracts from Lantana hirta, Argemone ochroleuca and Adenophyllum porophyllum, medicinal plants collected in Sahuayo, Michoacán, Mexico. The extracts showed different degrees of inhibition; the most effective were: M5L extract from L. hirta and M6LFr extract from A. ochroleuca, both of which inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth of P. clavispora and C. gloeosporioides; and M4LS extract from A. porophyllum, which inhibited 100% of the mycelial growth of the three pathogens. The extracts were fractionated by thin layer and column chromatography, and the most active fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major compounds identified in L. hirta extract were Phytol and α-Sitosterol. The compounds identified in A. ochroleuca were Toluene and Benzene, 1,3-bis(3-phenoxyphenoxy)-. In A. porophyllum, the compound identified was Hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester. These results show the potential of L. hirta, A. ochroleuca and A. porophyllum as a source of antifungal compounds.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Cotinus coggygria from Marche Region (Italy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
Donata Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cotinus Coggygria ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The present study reports the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of the essential oil from flowering aerial parts of Cotinus coggygria Scoop. (Anacardiaceae), as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against nine plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity using the agar dilution method, and also MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and MFCs (minimum fungicidal concentrations) were determined. The major compounds identified by GC-MS were limonene (49.2%), (Z)-β-ocimene (13.6%), α-pinene (8.8%) and (E)-β-ocimene (5.9%). The oil showed in vitro antifungal activity against some species of the Fusarium genus, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria solani. Our study indicates that the oil of C. coggygria could be used as a control agent for plant pathogenic fungi in natural formulations.

scholarly journals Identification of Burkholderia and Penicillium isolates from kauri (Agathis australis) soils that inhibit the mycelial growth of Phytophthora agathidicida

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-54
Author(s):  
Alexa-Kate Byers ◽  
Leo Condron ◽  
Maureen O'Callaghan ◽  
Nick Waipara ◽  
Amanda Black
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Microbial Competition ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Dieback Disease ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Microbial Isolates

Phytophthora agathidicida is a highly virulent pathogen of kauri (Agathis australis) and the causal agent of dieback disease in New Zealand’s kauri forests. This study aimed to identify microbial isolates isolated from kauri forest soils that inhibited the growth of P. agathidicida. Three different forms of in vitro bioassays were used to assess the inhibition of each isolate on the mycelial growth of P. agathidicida. Furthermore, head space (HS) solid-phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GCMS) was performed to identify if the microbial isolates emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may be contributing to inhibition. This research identified several bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Burkholderia that inhibited the mycelial growth of P. agathidicida. Furthermore, several VOCs produced by these isolates were putatively identified, which may be responsible for the inhibition observed in the bioassays. Several isolates of Penicillium were identified that inhibit Phytophthora agathidicida, with the culture filtrate of one isolate being found to strongly inhibit P. agathidicida mycelial growth. These isolates of Burkholderia and Penicillium appear to exhibit multiple modes of antagonism against P. agathidicida, including microbial competition and the production of diffusible and volatile anti-microbial compounds. Although further research is needed to better define their mechanisms of inhibition, these findings have identified candidate microbial antagonists of P. agathidicida.

scholarly journals Diffusible Compounds Produced by Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus Help to Control the Causal Agents of Gray Rot and Summer Bunch Rot of Table Grapes

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
Matías Olivera ◽  
Ninoska Delgado ◽  
Fabiola Cádiz ◽  
Natalia Riquelme ◽  
Iván Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Antifungal Compounds ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Dual Cultures ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Direct Bioautography

Gray and summer bunch rot are important diseases of table grapes due to the high economic and environmental cost of their control with synthetic fungicides. The ability to produce antifungal compounds against the causal agents Botrytis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus of two microorganisms isolated from table grapes and identified as Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus was evaluated. In dual cultures, both biocontrol agents (together and separately) inhibited in vitro mycelial growth of these pathogens. To identify the compounds responsible for the inhibitory effect, extractions were carried out with organic solvents from biocontrol agents separately. Through dual cultures with pathogens and pure extracts, only the hexane extract from H. osmophila showed an inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea. To further identify these compounds, the direct bioautography technique was used. This technique made it possible to determine the band displaying antifungal activity at Rf = 0.05–0.2. The compounds present in this band were identified by GC-MS and compared to the NIST library. The most abundant compounds, not previously reported, corresponded to alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and terpenoids. H. osmophila and G. cerinus have the potential to control the causal agents of gray and summer bunch rot of table grapes.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of Pinus patula

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Amri ◽  
Hamrouni Lamia ◽  
Samia Gargouri ◽  
Mohsen Hanana ◽  
Mariem Mahfoudhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pinus Patula ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Total Oil

Essential oils isolated from needles of Pinus patula by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-eight compounds were identified, representing 98.3% of the total oil. The oil was rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons (62.4%), particularly α-pinene (35.2%) and β-phellandrene (19.5%). The in vitro antifungal assay showed that P. patula oil significantly inhibited the growth of 9 plant pathogenic fungi. The oil, when tested on Sinapis arvensis, Lolium rigidum, Phalaris canariensis and Trifolium campestre, completely inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of all species. Our preliminary results showed that P. patula essential oil could be valorized for the control of weeds and fungal plant diseases.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Diseased Avocado Fruits to Selected Fungicides in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Stanley Kirugo Kimaru ◽  
E. Monda ◽  
R. C. Cheruiyot ◽  
J. Mbaka ◽  
A. Alakonya
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Growing Region

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a serious postharvest pathogen of avocado fruits worldwide. Kenya lacks any registered fungicides for the management of the disease. Nevertheless, farmers commonly use commercially available fungicides such as Bayleton 25WP (Triadimefon 250 g/Kg), Milraz 76WP (Propineb 70% and Cymoxanil 6%), and Copper oxychloride 500WP for disease management. The efficacy of these fungicides against C. gloeosporioides is not known. The purpose of this study was therefore to test the inhibitory effect of these fungicides against 46 C. gloeosporioides isolates from avocado fruits collected from varieties grown at different agroecological zones in Murang’a County, a popular avocado-growing region in Kenya. Mycelial growth rate and sporulation for each isolate were measured in vitro on PDA plates amended with different concentrations of the fungicides. Plates were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications per treatment. All fungicides were effective in vitro but there were significant differences in sensitivity among isolates. Bayleton had the highest mycelial inhibition followed by Milraz, while copper oxychloride had the lowest mycelial inhibition rates, ranging from 81% to 88%. However, copper oxychloride was more effective in inhibiting sporulation. The inhibitory effect of each fungicide was concentration-dependent, where twice the recommended concentration had the highest inhibitory effect, followed by the recommended concentration. Our results show that the fungicides used by farmers against C. gloeosporioides, the causal agent for anthracnose, are effective. We, however, recommend further field tests in different avocado-growing areas so as to validate their efficacy against various isolates and under different environments.

scholarly journals Characterization of Composition and Antifungal Properties of Leaf Secondary Metabolites from Thirteen Cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Xue ◽  
Yifan Jiang ◽  
Hongwei Zhao ◽  
Tobias G. Köllner ◽  
Sumei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is an ornamental plant of worldwide cultivation. Like many other species in the family Asteraceae, C. morifolium is a rich producer of secondary metabolites. There are two objectives in this study: (I) to determine and compare the diversity of apolar secondary metabolites among different cultivars of C. morifolium and (II) to compare their properties as antifungal agents. To attain these objectives, we selected 13 cultivars of C. morifolium that are commonly used for making chrysanthemum tea as experimental materials. Leaves at the same developmental stage were collected from respective mature plants and subjected to organic extraction. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 37 apolar secondary metabolites including 26 terpenoids were detected from the 13 cultivars. These 13 cultivars can be largely divided into three chemotypes based on chemical principal components analysis. Next, the extracts from the 13 cultivars were examined in in vitro assays for their antifungal properties against three species of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahliae. Significant variability in antifungal activity of the leaf extracts among different cultivars was observed. The 13 cultivars can be divided into four groups based on their antifungal activities, which could be partly correlated to the contents of terpenoids. In short, this study reveals large variations in chemical composition, particularly of terpenoids, of leaf secondary metabolites among different cultivars of C. morifolium and their different abilities in functioning as antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Bio-Evaluation of Natural Butenolides-Acrylate Conjugates

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longzhu Bao ◽  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Di Song ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xiufang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

A series of novel 3-aryl-4-hydroxy-2(5H) furanone-acrylate hybrids were designed and synthesized based on the natural butenolides and acrylates scaffolds. The structures of the prepared compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the bioactivity of the target compounds against twelve phytopathogenic fungi was investigated. The preliminary in vitro antifungal activity screening showed that most of the target compounds had moderate inhibition on various pathogenic fungi at the concentration of 100 mg·L−1, and presented broad-spectrum antifungal activities. Further studies also indicated that compounds 7e and 7k still showed some inhibitory activity against Pestallozzia theae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Gibberella zeae on rape plants at lower concentrations, which could be optimized as a secondary lead for further research.

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