scholarly journals Detecting Introgressed Populations in the Iberian Endemic Centaurea podospermifolia through Genome Size

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Jaume Pellicer ◽  
Jordi López-Pujol ◽  
Marc Aixarch ◽  
Teresa Garnatje ◽  
Joan Vallès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Ebro River ◽  
Management Plans

Based on results from previous studies, populations of the Iberian endemic Centaurea podospermifolia north of the Ebro River are considered genetically pure, while those southward are introgressed, with genetic input from C. cephalariifolia. This phenomenon is particularly relevant, especially given both the endangered and protected status for the species, which can have consequences in how to best apply conservation strategies to maintain genetic resources in the species. The main goal of this study was to evaluate whether genome size assessments using flow cytometry can help distinguishing between pure, hybrid and introgressed populations, and hence become a powerful and cost-effective tool to complement comprehensive population genetic surveys. The results indicate that there are significant genome size differences between populations of C. podospermifolia, which are coincident with previous considerations of pure and introgressed populations. Given the simplicity and reproducibility of this technique, flow cytometry could become an effective tool for monitoring pure populations of this species and, indeed, become an integral part of the management plans that are mandatory for listed taxa.

scholarly journals Current and Future Pathotyping Platforms for Plasmodiophora brassicae in Canada

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Heather H. Tso ◽  
Leonardo Galindo-González ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Phenotypic Methods ◽  
Important Disease

Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most detrimental threats to crucifers worldwide and has emerged as an important disease of canola (Brassica napus) in Canada. At present, pathotypes are distinguished phenotypically by their virulence patterns on host differential sets, including the systems of Williams, Somé et al., the European Clubroot Differential set, and most recently the Canadian Clubroot Differential set and the Sinitic Clubroot Differential set. Although these are frequently used because of their simplicity of application, they are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and can lack sensitivity. Early, preventative pathotype detection is imperative to maximize productivity and promote sustainable crop production. The decreased turnaround time and increased sensitivity and specificity of genotypic pathotyping will be valuable for the development of integrated clubroot management plans, and interest in molecular techniques to complement phenotypic methods is increasing. This review provides a synopsis of current and future molecular pathotyping platforms for P. brassicae and aims to provide information on techniques that may be most suitable for the development of rapid, reliable, and cost-effective pathotyping assays.

scholarly journals Assessing Riparian Areas of Greece—An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
George N. Zaimes ◽  
Valasia Iakovoglou
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Of Greece

Riparian areas, especially in the Mediterranean, offer many ecosystem services for the welfare of society benefits from their sustainable management. This study presents different tools used to assess riparian areas of Greece and their results. Riparian areas with different land-uses/vegetation covers along streams or torrents were assessed. The assessment tools were visual protocols, bioindicators, geographic information systems (GIS), vegetation indices, and a model. These tools differ in scale, accuracy, and difficulty of implementation. The riparian areas had Low and Moderate quality in Greece because of agricultural activities and hydrologic alterations. Vegetation appeared more important for the integrity of riparian areas than stream flow (perennial or intermittent). In addition, territorial variables (distance from dam and sea) were more influential compared to climatic variables. Visual protocols and GIS were effective for preliminary assessments. GIS can be applied at a greater scale but was less accurate than the protocols. Bioindicators can provide more cost-effective monitoring than physicochemical water variables. Finally, vegetation indices and models can be used for larger spatial and temporal scales, but require specialized personnel. Overall, riparian areas of Greece seem to be degraded, and monitoring would contribute to the development of a database on riparian areas that should form the basis for sustainable management plans in Greece.

First estimates of genome size in ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea) using flow cytometry and Feulgen image analysis densitometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (10) ◽  
pp. 847-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Mulligan ◽  
Terra C. Hiebert ◽  
Nicholas W. Jeffery ◽  
T. Ryan Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Size Diversity ◽  
Size Estimates

Ribbon worms (phylum Nemertea) are among several animal groups that have been overlooked in past studies of genome-size diversity. Here, we report genome-size estimates for eight species of nemerteans, including representatives of the major lineages in the phylum. Genome sizes in these species ranged more than fivefold, and there was some indication of a positive relationship with body size. Somatic endopolyploidy also appears to be common in these animals. Importantly, this study demonstrates that both of the most common methods of genome-size estimation (flow cytometry and Feulgen image analysis densitometry) can be used to assess genome size in ribbon worms, thereby facilitating additional efforts to investigate patterns of variability in nuclear DNA content in this phylum.

The value of agrobiodiversity: an analysis of consumers preference for tomatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chiara M. Posadinu ◽  
Monica Rodriguez ◽  
Fabio Madau ◽  
Giovanna Attene
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Agrobiodiversity Conservation ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Willingness To Contribute

Abstract The valorization of plant genetic resources and their direct use in local markets can make a significant contribution to the preservation of agrobiodiversity, while also contributing to the sustainability of rural communities. Indeed, plant genetic resources are a precious source of genes, and they represent an important crop heritage for the quality and sensory characteristics that are required by both farmers and consumers. However, an efficient strategy of agrobiodiversity conservation is strictly connected to product marketability and to consumer preferences. In the present study, choice experiments that involved 920 consumers were carried out to determine their willingness to pay for ancient local tomato varieties (landraces) rather than commercial varieties based on their preferences, and to determine how much they valued these products. The results obtained indicate that consumers are willing to pay premium prices for ancient local tomato varieties (an additional €0.90 kg−1), thus demonstrating their increasing attention to sustainable food and the willingness to contribute to agrobiodiversity conservation and enhancement. These results provide the basis for planning strategies and programs to support the cultivation of these landraces and the development of regional and national markets to acknowledge their characteristics, which will considerably increase the effectiveness and efficiency of conservation strategies.

Comparative genome size estimation of different life stages of grey mullet, Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 by flow cytometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Angel J. Raymond ◽  
Mudagandur Shashi Shekhar ◽  
Vinaya Kumar Katneni ◽  
Ashok Kumar Jangham ◽  
Sudheesh Kommu Prabhudas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Mugil Cephalus ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Size Estimation ◽  
Grey Mullet ◽  
Comparative Genome

scholarly journals Coconut genome size determined by flow cytometry: Tall versus Dwarf types

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Freitas Neto ◽  
T.N.S. Pereira ◽  
I.G.C. Geronimo ◽  
A.O.N. Azevedo ◽  
S.R.R. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size

scholarly journals ANALYZING TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT PLANS OF FEDERAL PROTECTED AREAS IN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 846-854
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ribeiro Morais ◽  
◽  
Mariana Nascimento Siqueira ◽  
Roniel Freitas-Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Group B

Protected areas are the most frequently used tool for the mitigation of threats to biodiversity. However, without effective management, the creation of new protected areas may be ineffective. In Brazil, protected areas must have both a governing body (consultative or deliberative council) and an official management plan. Here, we analyzed general trends and patterns in the approval of the management plans for Brazilian federal protected areas. We considered all federal protected areas, and compiled data on (i) the year the area was created, (ii) the type of protected area (integral protection vs. sustainable use), (iii) year its management plan was approved, (iv) year in which the management plan was revised after its approval, (v) total area (in hectares), and (vi) the biome in which the area is located. We stablished three groups of protected area: 1) Group A: protected areas created prior to 1979, 2) Group B: protected areas created between 1979 and 1999, and 3) Group C: protected areas created between 2000 to the present time. Finally, we tested whether time for the approval of the management plan suffered a simultaneous effect of the type of biome and type of categories of protected area (strictly protected vs. sustainable use areas). We found 211 (63.17% of the 334) protected areas with management plan. On average, the time taken for the creation and approval of a management plan far exceeds the deadlines (5 yrs.) defined under current Brazilian law. All Brazilian biomes are poorly covered by protected areas with effective management plans, with the highest and lowest value observed in the Pantanal (100%) and Caatinga (46.42%), respectively. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of many federal protected areas in Brazil can be reduced considerably by the lack of a management plan, with deleterious consequences for the country’s principal conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Rivers Under the Influence of Mining Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Eduardo Rico-Sánchez ◽  
Alexis Joseph Rodríguez-Romero ◽  
Jacinto Elías Sedeño-Díaz ◽  
Eugenia López-López ◽  
Andrea Sundermann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Central Plateau

Abstract Mining is one of the main pollution issues worldwide, causing the greatest disturbances to the environment. Industrial and artisanal mining activities are widespread in Mexico, being a major global producer of various metals. This study aimed to assess the ecological impairments resulting from mining activities using the aquatic macroinvertebrates assemblages (MA). A multiple co-inertia analysis (MCOA) was applied to determine the relationships between environmental factors, habitat quality, heavy metals, and aquatic macroinvertebrates in two rivers of the Central Plateau, Mexico. The results revealed three contrasting environmental conditions and different MA. High concentrations of heavy metals, nutrients, and salinity limit the presence of various families of seemingly sensitive macroinvertebrates, these factors were identified as the drivers of structural changes in the MA, showing that not only mining activities, but also agriculture, and villages in the basin, exert negative effects to the macroinvertebrate communities. Diversity indices showed that the lowest diversity matched with both, the most polluted and the most saline rivers. The rivers studied displayed a high alkalinity and hardness, which can lead to the formation of metal precipitates and thus acting as a protection to aquatic biota. Aquatic biomonitoring in rivers, impacted by mining and other human activities, is critical for detecting the effect of metals and other pollutants to improve management and conservation strategies. This study supports the design of cost-effective and accurate water quality biomonitoring protocols in developing countries.

scholarly journals GENOME SIZE DETERMINATION OF CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS), HONEYDEW (CUCUMIS MELO INODORUS) AND ROCK MELON (CUCUMIS MELO CANTALUPENSIS) VIA FLOW CYTOMETRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Raden Muhamad Imaduddin Yumni ◽  
Mohd Fauzihan Karim ◽  
Mohd Razik Midin
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
As Species ◽  
External Reference ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cucumis Species ◽  
Fcm Analysis ◽  
Interspecific And Intraspecific Variation

The family of Cucurbitaceae consists of species with economical and nutritional value. Morphologically, there are only few differences between Cucumis species. The interspecific and intraspecific variation in the genome size of the Cucumis species are not discovered yet. Due to this, this study aims to determine the genome size of C. sativus, C. melo inodorus and C. melo cantalupensis using flow cytometry (FCM) method. Nuclei suspension of selected Cucumis species were extracted using LBO1 lysis buffer by manual chopping technique and stained by propidium iodide priot to FCM analysis. Genome size of C. sativus, C. melo inodorus (Honeydew) and C. melo cantalupensis (Rockmelon) were determined by using Glycine max (Soybean) as an external reference standard (2C = 2.5 pg). This study found that the genome size of C. sativus, C. melo inodorus and C. melo cantalupensis estimated to be 2.83 pg, 3.00 pg and 3.47 pg respectively. The genome size data obtained from this study can be used in future genome studies as well as species characterization.

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