scholarly journals Salicylic and Methyl Salicylic Acid Affect Quality and Phenolic Profile of Apple Fruits Three Weeks before the Harvest

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1807
Author(s):  
Sasa Gacnik ◽  
Robert Veberič ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Silvija Marinovic ◽  
Heidi Halbwirth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Pathway ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Methyl Salicylic Acid

Effects of spraying over apple trees (Malus domestica; 'Topaz') with methyl salicylic acid (MeSA) and SA during fruit maturation were investigated for quality parameters (weight, firmness, hue angle, red blush, yield) and phenolic profile of the peel and pulp (HPLC–mass spectrometry). These treatment effects were also investigated for activities of the phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase and isomerase (combined), and flavanone-3β-hydroxylase. The MeSA and SA treatments resulted in poor fruit peel coloration, with higher hue angles and 20% and 10% lower red blush, respectively. Anthocyanin levels were also significantly lower (56%) for MeSA treatment. MeSA stimulated activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase/isomerase, which resulted in higher levels of flavanols (to 34%), flavonols (to 33%), and hydroxycinnamic acids (to 29%), versus control. Therefore, while these salicylate treatments improve levels of some beneficial polyphenols, they also have negative effects on the external quality characteristics of the fruit.

scholarly journals Induction of chalcone synthase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by salicylic acid and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in common bean

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Diniz Campos ◽  
Alfredo Gui Ferreira ◽  
Magdolna Maria Vozári Hampe ◽  
Irajá Ferreira Antunes ◽  
Nely Brancão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Two Stages

The activities of the enzymes chalcone synthase (CHS) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) were measured in leaf extracts obtained from four cultivars of the common bean (AB 136, Rio Tibagi, Carioca and Macanudo). Two stages of plant development were examined: plantlets (V2) and the onset of blooming (R6). Initially, the plants were either treated with salicylic acid or inoculated with the delta race of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (inductive fungus) and after three days they were evaluated for enzyme activity. Afterwards, all plants were inoculated (challenged) with the virulent pathotype 33/95 of C. lindemuthianum except for the water control. Five days later, the activities of PAL and CHS were evaluated. There were significant changes in the activities of both enzymes three days after treatment with salicylic acid or inductive fungus when compared to the control. Five days after inoculation with with the virulent pathotype 33/95 of C. lindemuthianum CHS activity in the Macanudo was similar to control plants that were not treated with salicylic acid or the inductive fungus but inoculated with 33/95 C. lindemuthianum. The increase in enzyme activity after challenge with 33/95 C. lindemuthianum was greatest for the salicylic acid treatment in the cultivar AB 136, followed by Rio Tibagi and Carioca.

scholarly journals Effect of Salicylic Acid, Calcium Chloride and Calcium Lactate Applications on Quality Attributes of Minimally-Processed ‘Wonderful’ Pomegranate Arils

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 508-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar A.M.A. SHAARAWI ◽  
Assem S.E. SALEM ◽  
Ibrahim M.K. ELMAGHRABY ◽  
Eman A.A. ABD EL-MONIEM
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Calcium Lactate ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Colour Development ◽  
And Control ◽  
Pomegranate Arils

‘Wonderful’ pomegranate arils were treated with 0.5% and 1% of calcium chloride, 0.5% and 1% of calcium lactate, and salicylic acid (1 and 2 mM), then treated and untreated (control) arils packaged in clean (sterilized) plastic containers. Fresh produce was then stored at 5±1 ℃. Assessment of arils quality was carried out at 3-day intervals by evaluating the following quality parameters: appearance, decay, off odor, flavor, total soluble solids, acidity, anthocyanin and vitamin C content, firmness, colour development (L* value and hue angle), and microbial load. Pomegranate arils treated with salicylic acid, calcium chloride, and calcium lactate maintained a general good quality and appearance up to 12 days of storage at 5±1 ℃, with no visible decay and off odor development. The total microbial population was lower in arils treated with salicylic acid, in comparison to treatments with calcium chloride, calcium lactate and control arils. All treatments scored above the limit of marketability, maintaining good quality of fresh-cut produce during storage. However, the use of salicylic acid and calcium chloride helped to keep a better overall quality of arils at the end of the 12-day storage at 5±1 ℃.

scholarly journals Salicylate Treatment Affects Fruit Quality and Also Alters the Composition of Metabolites in Strawberries

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Saša Gačnik ◽  
Robert Veberič ◽  
Metka Hudina ◽  
Darinka Koron ◽  
Maja Mikulič-Petkovšek
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Hue Angle ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Metabolite Content

This study evaluated the effect of preharvest treatments with salicylates (salicylic acid (SA), methyl salicylic acid (MeSA) and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA)) on fruit quality parameters and primary and secondary metabolites during ripening at five sampling dates. The results showed that salicylates affect overall fruit quality, and some very desirable and important properties of strawberry fruits were acquired by the treatments, such as a deeper red colour (decreased hue angle), delayed ripening process with maintenance of higher fruit firmness, and higher sugar and ascorbic acid content. HPLC-MS analysis of the phenolic contents showed at almost all sampling dates that treatment with salicylates increased the content of some phenolic groups, the contents of the hydroxycinnamic acids (SA: up to 18%; MeSA: up to 13% increase), flavanols (SA: up to 27%, MeSA: up to 36% and ASA: up to 24% increase), anthocyanins (SA: up to 51%, MeSA: up to 33% and ASA: up to 28% increase) and also flavonol glycosides such as flavones. Total phenolics in fruits also increased-up to 27% with SA and up to 28% with MeSA. In general, better fruit quality and higher metabolite content were obtained with SA.

scholarly journals Differential inductions of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase during wounding, salicylic acid treatment, and salinity stress in safflower, Carthamus tinctorius

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Dehghan ◽  
Mahnaz Sadeghi ◽  
Anne Pöppel ◽  
Rainer Fischer ◽  
Reinhard Lakes-Harlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Similar Expression Pattern ◽  
Defence Signalling

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) serves as a reference dicot for investigation of defence mechanisms in Asteraceae due to abundant secondary metabolites and high resistance/tolerance to environmental stresses. In plants, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways are considered as two central defence signalling cascades in stress conditions. Here, we describe the isolation of two major genes in these pathways, CtPAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) and CtCHS (chalcone synthase) in safflower along with monitoring their expression profiles in different stress circumstances. The aa (amino acid) sequence of isolated region of CtPAL possesses the maximum identity up to 96% to its orthologue in Cynara scolymus, while that of CtCHS retains the highest identity to its orthologue in Callistephus chinensis up to 96%. Experiments for gene expression profiling of CtPAL and CtCHS were performed after the treatment of seedlings with 0.1 and 1 mM SA (salicylic acid), wounding and salinity stress. The results of semi-quantitative RT–PCR revealed that both CtPAL and CtCHS genes are further responsive to higher concentration of SA with dissimilar patterns. Regarding wounding stress, CtPAL gets slightly induced upon injury at 3 hat (hours after treatment) (hat), whereas CtCHS gets greatly induced at 3 hat and levels off gradually afterward. Upon salinity stress, CtPAL displays a similar expression pattern by getting slightly induced at 3 hat, but CtCHS exhibits a biphasic expression profile with two prominent peaks at 3 and 24 hat. These results substantiate the involvement of phenylpropanoid and particularly flavonoid pathways in safflower during wounding and especially salinity stress.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL AND HEREDITARY STUDIES ON ENZYMES AND GENES CONTROLLING ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHESIS IN APPLES

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 911E-911
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Ju ◽  
Chenglian Liu ◽  
Yongbing Yuan ◽  
Yongzhang Wang ◽  
Gongshi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Chalcone Synthase ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Highly Correlated

Crosses between red cultivars produced high frequency of less-colored progeny, while hybridization between non-red cultivars yielded some red-fruited F1 trees. When harvest was delayed and light intensity increased, both green and yellow cultivars accumulated some anthocyanin with higher UDPGal:flavonoid-3-o-glycosyltransferase (UFGalT) activity in colored areas. Overall, anthocyanin accumulation and UFGalT activity were highly correlated (r = 0.8921, P = 0.0001) in fruit from both parental trees and their F1 progeny, but UFGalT activity always was relatively high in fruit peel, whether anthocyanin accumulated or not. There were no significant differences in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase or chalcone synthase activities among the cultivars, and they did not change much after hybridization.

scholarly journals Postharvest Quality of Cut Roses With the Application of Salicylic Acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Sérgio Miguel Mazaro ◽  
Edson Bertoldo ◽  
Nean Locatelli Dalacosta ◽  
Fabiana Chiamulera Borsatti ◽  
Mycheli Preuss da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Stem Curvature ◽  
Lower Stem

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of salicylic acid (SA) on the maintenance of quality and longevity of cut roses cv. Vega. Cut roses were kept in a vase solution of SA and water at concentrations of 0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5 and 2.0 mM. All treatments were kept at 8±2 oC for 96 hours, simulating storage in flower shops; the flowers were then evaluated regarding loss of fresh matter and leaf chlorophyll content and were transferred to beakers containing distilled water at 25±2 ºC for more 144 hours, simulating shelf life. At 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours from the beginning of the experiment, biochemical analyses of total proteins and the activity of the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidases (PO) were performed. Visual analyses were performed (stem curvature, turgescence and petal darkening) every 48 hour intervals until the end of the experiment. The treatments with SA allowed the maintenance of post-harvest quality, reducing the loss of fresh matter mass, lower stem curvature, greater turgescence and less darkening of the petals. The results showed that the application of SA increased total protein contents and FAL, which characterizes the activation of plant defense mechanisms to the senescence process.

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