scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Responses of ‘Dusa’ Avocado Rootstock to Water Stress: Insights for Drought Adaptation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2077
Author(s):  
Moreno-Ortega Guillermo ◽  
Zumaquero Adela ◽  
Matas Antonio ◽  
Nicholas A. Olivier ◽  
van den Berg Noëlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Molecular Responses ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Different Levels

Avocado consumption is increasing year by year, and its cultivation has spread to many countries with low water availability, which threatens the sustainability and profitability of avocado orchards. However, to date, there is not much information on the behavior of commercial avocado rootstocks against drought. The aim of this research was to evaluate the physiological and molecular responses of ‘Dusa’ avocado rootstock to different levels of water stress. Plants were deficit irrigated until soil water content reached 50% (mild-WS) and 25% (severe-WS) of field capacity. Leaf water potential (w), net CO2 assimilation rates (AN), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and plant transpiration rates significantly decreased under both WS treatments, reaching significantly lower values in severe-WS plants. After rewatering, mild- and severe-WS plants showed a fast recovery in most physiological parameters measured. To analyze root response to different levels of drought stress, a cDNA avocado stress microarray was carried out. Plants showed a wide transcriptome response linked to the higher degree of water stress, and functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed abundance of common sequences associated with water stress, as well as specific categories for mild-WS and severe-WS. DEGs previously linked to drought tolerance showed overexpression under both water stress levels, i.e., several transcription factors, genes related to abscisic acid (ABA) response, redox homeostasis, osmoprotection, and cell-wall organization. Taken altogether, physiological and molecular data highlight the good performance of ‘Dusa’ rootstock under low-water-availability conditions, although further water stress experiments must be carried out under field conditions.

scholarly journals The direct and indirect effects of nitrogen shortage on photosynthesis and transpiration in maize and sunflower.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234
Author(s):  
J. Goudriaan ◽  
H. van Keulen
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Similar Relation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
N Status

Experiments with maize and sunflower in sol. culture were carried out to investigate the effect of N shortage in the leaf tissue on stomatal behaviour. In maize a linear relation existed between the rate of net CO2 assimilation and the conductance of water vapour, independently of the N status of the tissue. In sunflower a similar relation existed although the evidence was less conclusive. It was concluded that stomatal behaviour cannot explain differences in water-use efficiency between plants growing at different levels of N. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vegetative Growth, Chemical Composition, and Antioxidant Capacity of Essential Oil of Peppermint Under Water Regimes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Diogo Mendes da Silva ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
Smail Aazza ◽  
Alexandre Alves de Carvalho ◽  
Simony Carvalho Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Mentha Piperita

The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the vegetative growth of Mentha piperita L. cultivated under different water availability, as well its influence in content, chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of its essential oil. Plants were propagated by mother plants microcutting and scions were transplanted to 5 L pots with soil and cattle manure. Afterward, were kept at field capacity for 30 days and under treatment for 40 days. It was treated with different levels of water deficit treatments: (T1): 100 of field capacity (FC); (T2): 80 of FC; (T3): 60 of FC; (T4) 40 of FC with 5 blocks. Vegetative growth was evaluated by dry matter contents of all part of plants and by root/aerial rate. The essential oil of the leaves was extracted by hydrodistillation, analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and in vitro antioxidant potential was evaluated. A significant decrease in the dry matter of leaves and stems accompanied with a decrease in the roots dry matter was observed with an increase in the water stress. Quantitative chemical differences were observed in the chemical composition of the essential oil, according water availability. Total antioxidant activity showed a gradual increase as water stress progressed.

Effect of water stress on growth, water use efficiency and gas exchange as related to osmotic adjustment of two halophytes Atriplex spp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumelkheir Belkheiri ◽  
Maurizio Mulas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

Atriplex halimus L. is known in the Mediterranean basin and along the coastal areas of Sardinia for its adaptability to salinity, although less information is available on the resistance of this species to water stress in absence of salinity. The effect of water stress on growth and water utilisation was investigated in two Atriplex species: A. halimus originating of south Sardinian island and the exotic species Atriplex nummularia Lindl., originating in Australia and widely used in land restoration of arid areas. Water stress was applied to young plants growing in 20 L pots with a sufficient water reserve to store a potentially sufficient water reserve to maintain substrate near to field capacity (30%) between irrigations. Watering was at 70% (control) or 40% (stress) of field capacity. In order to simulate the grazing by livestock, four plant biomass cuttings were conducted at times T0, T1, T2 and T3, corresponding to one cutting at the end of well watered phase (T0) before water stress induction, two cuttings after cycles of 5 weeks each during full summer (T1) and late summer (T2) and one cutting during autumn (T3). All plants remained alive until the end of treatment although growth was strongly reduced. Leaf dry weight (DW) and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined for all cuttings; relative water content (RWC), turgid weight : dry weight ratio (TW : DW), water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), CO2 assimilation, osmotic adjustment (OA), abscisic acid (ABA) and sugar accumulation were determined for the late summer cutting at T2. Water stress induced a decrease in DW, RWC, Ψw, Ψs, TW : DW and CO2 assimilation for both species, but an increase in WUE expressed in terms of dry matter production and a high accumulation of ABA and total sugars mainly for A. halimus. This suggests a more developed adaptive mechanism in this selection. Indeed, the clone was selected from the southern part of the island, where natural populations of saltbush are more exposed to abiotic stresses, mainly the water stress generated not by salinity. A. nummularia showed a greater OA and a positive net solute accumulation as than A. halimus, suggesting that water stress resistance in A. halimus is linked to a higher WUE rather than a greater osmotic adjustment.

scholarly journals Morphological and physiological responses of açaí seedlings subjected to different watering regimes

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter V. D. Silvestre ◽  
Hugo A. Pinheiro ◽  
Rodrigo O. R. de M. Souza ◽  
Lenilson F. Palheta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Total Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Plant

ABSTRACT Seedlings of açaí obtained from plant material native to floodplains (from Laranjeira and Muaná) and adapted to upland areas (cv. BRS-Pará and ecotype Hideo) were cultivated between March and October 2013 in a greenhouse, to test the hypothesis that water requirement for seedling production varies according to the origin of plant material. The seedlings were subjected to watering regimes corresponding to 40, 70, 100 and 130% of field capacity. Regardless of plant material, the production of vigorous seedlings was feasible only under irrigation of 100 and 130% of field capacity. The seedlings produced under 130% of field capacity showed higher plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total leaf area, leaf and root biomass, total plant biomass and root/shoot ratio than those produced under 100% of field capacity. The former also showed higher net CO2 assimilation rate, lower stomatal conductance and transpiration and higher instantaneous water use efficiency. In conclusion, the water requirement to produce vigorous seedlings of açaí does not vary within plant material and more vigorous seedlings are produced under irrigation of 130% of field capacity.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Alterations of Urocholoa brizantha Submitted to Water Deficit and Silicate Fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Adriana L. Moro ◽  
Ana Claudia Pacheco ◽  
Edemar Moro
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Soil Water Conditions ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The correction of soil acidity and the evaluation of the effects of correctives used are not frequent practices in pasture areas. The benefits of silicon on the physiology and biochemistry of pastures is a subject that has not been explored in great detail. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of Urochloa brizantha plants (cultivar Xaraés) submited to condictions of water deficity and silicate fertilization through physiological and biochemical parameters. The experiment was carried out in pots under greenhouse conditions..The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with eight replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of the presence and absence of silicon (by means of soil correction using agrosilicon and dolomitic limestone, to raise the base saturation to 50%) with 2 soil water conditions (40 and 80% of field capacity). The analyzes were performed to determine: net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, water use efficiency, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities, shoot dry matter ,neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber determinations and leave protein. The application of silicon in Urochloa brizantha cultivar Xaraés has the potential of attenuate the water deficity, increasing the photosynthesis, plant dry matter and antioxidant enzymes activity.

scholarly journals Anatomical adaptations to different soil moisture contents in palisade grass and smooth pigweed

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-313
Author(s):  
Daniel Valadão Silva ◽  
Cassia Michelle Cabral ◽  
Evander Alves Ferreira ◽  
Felipe Paolinelli de Carvalho ◽  
José Barbosa dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Amaranthus Hybridus ◽  
Anatomical Adaptations ◽  
Smooth Pigweed ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT Weed adaptations to different environments contribute to their success in establishing in different agroecosystems. A greenhouse and laboratory study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different levels of soil moisture on the anatomical characteristics of two weed species. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 5 factorial design, with the first factor representing the weed species (Amaranthus hybridus and Brachiaria brizantha) and the second factor being the soil moisture levels in which they were grown (100%, 80%, 74%, 67%, and 60% of field capacity). At 55 days after weed emergence, the material for anatomical evaluations was collected. The water stress affected the two weed species differently, causing changes both in the thickness of the tissues evaluated and in their proportions. These changes seem to be related to how each species tolerates water stress. A. hybridus showed thickening of all leaf tissue and change in the proportion of these tissues, whereas B. brizantha showed a decrease in thickness of the leaf tissue and an increase in the proportion of adaxial epidermal and parenchymal tissues.

scholarly journals MATTER ACCUMULATION AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSES OF MACAW PALM TO CYCLICAL DROUGHT

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLENILSO SEHNEN MOTA ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO OLIVA CANO
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Macaw Palm ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the plant-water relations, photosynthetic parameters and growth of macaw (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacp.) Lodd. ex Mart.) plants, thus, ten plants were subjected to three successive drought and rehydration cycles and ten other plants were irrigated normally as control. The drought cycles consisted of a suspension of irrigation until the net CO2 assimilation rate (A) reach values lower than 5% of the control, and a rehydration until a plants recover at least 85% of A of the control plants. Reductions in A, stomatal conductance (gs ) and transpiration (E), above 95%, were found with predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) of -1.85 MPa. After rehydration, the gs and E of plants with and without water stress was not different, however, A presented a significant difference. Leaf water potentials below -0.5 MPa reduced the intracellular and atmospheric CO2 ratio and increased water use efficiency, and values of -1.85 MPa, when both showed an increase and decrease, respectively. The reduction of A and gs was linear and proportional to Ψpd. Total dry matter accumulation reduced by 50% in the plants subjected to drought. The cyclic water stress resulted in reduction of gas exchange and matter accumulation in macaw palm plants; a stomatal limitation of A occurred until Ψpd of -1.85 MPa, and then a non-stomatal limitation.

scholarly journals Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Syzygium cumini and Populus deltoides: A Case Study on Young Saplings under Water Stress

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Waseem Razzaq Khan ◽  
Shazia Afzal ◽  
Abdual Qadeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Drought is one of the most devastating climate factors in terms of its spatial extent and intensity. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the water stress tolerance in young saplings of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and Populus deltoides Marchall that are cultivated in the rain fed areas of Pakistan. Plants were subjected to three levels of moisture regimes: well-watered (WW, 90% of field capacity), mild stress (MS, 60% field capacity), and severe stress (SS, 30% of field capacity). Results showed that dry biomass production (leaf, stem, and root), chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents decreased significantly while osmolyte accumulation increased in both species, with the highest increase was evidenced in Populus deltoides saplings. A significant decrease was evidenced in CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance that resulted in a significant increase in intrinsic water use efficiency in both species under MS and SS. In both the species, along with a significant increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical, the antioxidants enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase also increased significantly in both species under MS and SS with highest activity evidenced in Syzygium cumini. The results suggest that Syzygium cumini saplings showed better a tolerance mechanism to water stress.

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