scholarly journals Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Syzygium cumini and Populus deltoides: A Case Study on Young Saplings under Water Stress

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Waseem Razzaq Khan ◽  
Shazia Afzal ◽  
Abdual Qadeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Drought is one of the most devastating climate factors in terms of its spatial extent and intensity. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the water stress tolerance in young saplings of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels and Populus deltoides Marchall that are cultivated in the rain fed areas of Pakistan. Plants were subjected to three levels of moisture regimes: well-watered (WW, 90% of field capacity), mild stress (MS, 60% field capacity), and severe stress (SS, 30% of field capacity). Results showed that dry biomass production (leaf, stem, and root), chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents decreased significantly while osmolyte accumulation increased in both species, with the highest increase was evidenced in Populus deltoides saplings. A significant decrease was evidenced in CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance that resulted in a significant increase in intrinsic water use efficiency in both species under MS and SS. In both the species, along with a significant increase in the production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical, the antioxidants enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase also increased significantly in both species under MS and SS with highest activity evidenced in Syzygium cumini. The results suggest that Syzygium cumini saplings showed better a tolerance mechanism to water stress.

scholarly journals Interspecific Differences in Physiological and Biochemical Traits Drive the Water Stress Tolerance in Young Morus alba L. and Conocarpus erectus L. Saplings

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Ahsan Ul Haq ◽  
Faridah Hanum Ibrahim ◽  
Shazia Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency

Mitigating climate change requires the identification of tree species that can tolerate water stress with fewer negative impacts on plant productivity. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the water stress tolerance of young saplings of C. erectus and M. alba under three soil water deficit treatments (control, CK, 90% field capacity, FC, medium stress MS, 60% FC and high stress, HS, 30% FC) under controlled conditions. Results showed that leaf and stem dry weight decreased significantly in both species under MS and HS. However, root dry weight and root/shoot ratio increased, and total dry weight remained similar to CK under MS in C. erectus saplings. Stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate decreased, and intrinsic water use efficiency increased significantly in both species under MS and HS treatments. The concentration of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage increased in both the species under soil water deficit but was highest in M. alba. The concentration of antioxidative enzymes like superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase also increased in both species under MS and HS but was highest in C. erectus. Therefore, results suggest that C. erectus saplings depicted a better tolerance to MS due to an effective antioxidative enzyme system.

Effect of water stress on growth, water use efficiency and gas exchange as related to osmotic adjustment of two halophytes Atriplex spp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumelkheir Belkheiri ◽  
Maurizio Mulas
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

Atriplex halimus L. is known in the Mediterranean basin and along the coastal areas of Sardinia for its adaptability to salinity, although less information is available on the resistance of this species to water stress in absence of salinity. The effect of water stress on growth and water utilisation was investigated in two Atriplex species: A. halimus originating of south Sardinian island and the exotic species Atriplex nummularia Lindl., originating in Australia and widely used in land restoration of arid areas. Water stress was applied to young plants growing in 20 L pots with a sufficient water reserve to store a potentially sufficient water reserve to maintain substrate near to field capacity (30%) between irrigations. Watering was at 70% (control) or 40% (stress) of field capacity. In order to simulate the grazing by livestock, four plant biomass cuttings were conducted at times T0, T1, T2 and T3, corresponding to one cutting at the end of well watered phase (T0) before water stress induction, two cuttings after cycles of 5 weeks each during full summer (T1) and late summer (T2) and one cutting during autumn (T3). All plants remained alive until the end of treatment although growth was strongly reduced. Leaf dry weight (DW) and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined for all cuttings; relative water content (RWC), turgid weight : dry weight ratio (TW : DW), water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), CO2 assimilation, osmotic adjustment (OA), abscisic acid (ABA) and sugar accumulation were determined for the late summer cutting at T2. Water stress induced a decrease in DW, RWC, Ψw, Ψs, TW : DW and CO2 assimilation for both species, but an increase in WUE expressed in terms of dry matter production and a high accumulation of ABA and total sugars mainly for A. halimus. This suggests a more developed adaptive mechanism in this selection. Indeed, the clone was selected from the southern part of the island, where natural populations of saltbush are more exposed to abiotic stresses, mainly the water stress generated not by salinity. A. nummularia showed a greater OA and a positive net solute accumulation as than A. halimus, suggesting that water stress resistance in A. halimus is linked to a higher WUE rather than a greater osmotic adjustment.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and carbohydrate changes of two pomegranate cultivars under deficit irrigation stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e0809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Ebtedaie ◽  
Akhtar Shekafandeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Four Levels

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biochemical responses to water stress tolerance of two pomegranate cultivars, ‘Rabbab’ and ‘Shishehgap’. After the establishment of rooted stem cuttings of both cultivars under greenhouse conditions, they were treated with four levels of deficit irrigations (100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of field capacity) in a completely randomized design with four replications. The results showed a significant difference between the two cultivars regarding antioxidant enzymes activities. In both cultivars, the water stress increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. However, at high water deficit (25% field capacity, FC), ‘Rabbab’ showed significantly higher enzyme activity than ‘Shishehgap’. In each level of irrigation, there were not considerable differences in peroxidase activity between the two cultivars. An increment of 162% and 65.5% in soluble sugar was gained at 50% FC in ‘Rabbab’ and ‘Shishehgap’, respectively. ‘Rabbab’ showed better growth performance in each level of irrigation than ‘Shishehgap’. Therefore, it can be concluded that 'Rabbab', with lesser decline in leaf relative water content (RWC), a strong antioxidant system and accumulation of more soluble carbohydrates, can resist higher water stress than 'Shishehgap'.

scholarly journals Biostimulation of Maize (Zea mays) and Irrigation Management Improved Crop Growth and Water Use under Controlled Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin ◽  
Lin ◽  
Wu ◽  
Chang
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Water deficits during the growing season are a major factor limiting crop production. Therefore, reducing water use during crop production by the application of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) is crucially important in water resources. There are few reports on the biostimulants used for growth and water use efficiency (WUE) in maize (Zea mays Linn.) under RDI. Therefore, the influence of betaine and chitin treatments, alone and in combination, on maize cultivar ‘White Pearl’ was assessed by observing changes in the physiology and morphology of plants exposed to RDI. Plants were grown in plastic pots in greenhouses and maintained under full irrigation (FI) for 1 week until imposing RDI and biostimulants. Plants were then subjected to FI (no water deficiency treatment, field capacity >70%) and RDI (field capacity <50%) conditions until the end of each experiment. Plant agronomic performance, photosynthesis parameters, and WUE values were recorded weekly for 8 weeks and three individual experiments were carried out to assess the efficacy of biostimulants and irrigation treatments. Betaine (0, 50, and 100 mM/plant) was foliage-treated every 2 weeks during Experiment 1, but chitin (0, 2, and 4 g/kg) was applied to the soil at the beginning of Experiment 2. The optimal concentration of each chemical alone or in combination was then applied to the plants as Experiment 3. A factorial experiment design of two factors with different levels under a completely randomized arrangement was used in this investigation. Betaine (50 mM) or chitin (2 g/kg) treatments alone significantly elevated total fresh weight (63.03 or 124.07 g/plant), dry weight (18.00 or 22.34 g/plant), and cob weight (3.15 or 6.04 g/plant) and boosted the water-stress tolerance of the maize under RDI compared to controls. However, a combination treatment of 50 mM betaine and 2 g/kg chitin did not increase plant height, fresh shoot and root weights, dry cob weight, and total dry weight under RDI compared to controls. Soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) values (>30) were effective in detecting plant growth performance and WUE values under RDI. These findings may have greater significance for farming in dry lands and offer information for further physiological studies on maize WUE and water stress tolerance

Effects of water stress on photosynthesis，growth and yield in winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenhui Zhao ◽  
Jianjun Wu ◽  
Leizhen Liu ◽  
Jianhua Yang ◽  
Xinyi Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Field

&lt;p&gt;Drought has become one of the major constraints on agricultural development, particularly in areas lacking water. By studying the effects of different water stresses on photosynthesis, growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and other indicators of winter wheat, this study provides scientific irrigation strategies for developing water-saving agriculture. According to the size of the water field capacity, four different water stress levels were set, i.e., 30&amp;#8211;40% water field capacity (severe stress), 40&amp;#8211;50% (moderate stress), 50&amp;#8211;60% (mild stress) and 60&amp;#8211;80% (well-watered irrigation), through an automatic irrigation system to create different water stress gradients by controlling the irrigation amount. The results showed that the diurnal and seasonal changes in photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration (E) significantly decreased with water stress intensification. The Pn of mild stress only slightly decreased compared to that of well-watered irrigation and was even higher than after May 16th, resulting in an increase in the dry biomass and 1000-grain weight under mild stress. Under all water stresses, the heights and stem weights of the winter wheat significantly decreased. Moderate and severe stress also significantly reduced the fresh weight of the aboveground biomass, dry weight, spike weight, grain weight, WUE and irrigation water productivity (IWP), while mild stress only slightly decreased the fresh weight of aboveground biomass, spike weight and grain weight. Mild stress increased the WUE and IWP. Thus, mild stress results in the optimal use of water resources without a significant reduction in yield. Therefore, mild stress can be considered as a suitable environment for winter wheat growth in arid areas.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Physiological Basis of Water Stress Tolerance in Soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
KK Sarkar ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
JU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

An experiment was conducted to study the effects of water stress on physiological parameters associated to drought tolerance in soybean at the Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during January to April, 2015. Four soybean genotypes namely i) BU Soybean 1 ii) Binasoybean 1 iii) Galarsum and iv) BARI Soybean 5 were grown in two watering regimes viz. control (80% of the field capacity) and water stress (50% of the field capacity). Genotypic variability was found in water stress tolerance in soybean. Highest accumulation of leaf proline, sugar and water content and lower accumulation of malondialdehyde were found in Binasoybean 1 compared to other genotypes. Lowest yield reduction was found in Binasoybean 1. Binasoybean 1 showed relatively higher drought tolerance whereas BARI Soybean 5 was found susceptible to yield. It was found that higher water stress tolerance in Binasoybean 1 was associated with better water relations and higher accumulation of sugar and proline and lower accumulation of malondialdehyde content in leaf.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(2): 71-78

scholarly journals Root morphology and root characters of different cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) types at 100 and 50 percent field capacity under water deficit condition

1970 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
ARUNKUMAR K
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Condition

Aim of this study to screened the root morphology and root characters of different cocoa types at 100 and 50 percent field capacity under water deficit condition at seedling stage. A survey was conducted at Idukki region of Kerala and twenty seven plus trees were identified. These twenty seven plus trees were screened for water stress tolerance under glasshouse condition by gravimetric method. With respect to the performance of plus trees, root length under 50% field capacity got increased to 21.15 cm as against 20.51 cm in 100 per cent field capacity. Fresh root weight and dry root weight substantially got increased under water stress. The average root girth of 27 plus trees got increased in stressed condition from 3.70 cm to 3.88 cm. The root volume also followed the same trend (47.28 as against 45.96). The percent of nitrogen is 1.37 in 50 per cent field capacity as against 1.63 in 100 per cent field capacity. The percentage of phosphorous decreased to 0.16 under 50 per cent field capacity as against 0.37 in 100 per cent field capacity. Similarly the percentage of potassium also showed a decreasing trend (1.27 % under 100 % field capacity to 1.06 % under 50 % field capacity). In the present investigation, under water stress condition the root length, number of roots, fresh weight of root and dry weight of root tends to increase compared to the 100 per cent field capacity, indicating the morphological adaptations of roots to survive under water stress condition. Furthermore, under water stress condition, root nutrients tend to get depleted.

scholarly journals Physiological, Growth, and Biomass Attributes in Populus deltoides L. (clones G-48 and Kranti) Influenced by Water Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munna Singh ◽  
Aradhna Kumari ◽  
Krishan Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Co2 Diffusion ◽  
Relative Water

Six-week-old uniform cottonwood seedlings (clones G-48 and Kranti) were raised from stem cuttings and subjected under two different water regimes (full and half field capacity) up to 60 days under open field conditions. The higher and lower regulations of physiological responses were triggered in case these seedlings irrigated up to their full and half-field capacities. The enhanced A value was observed from 13–19 and 12–14 μmol m-2s-1 in clones G-48 and Kranti after subjecting them under irrigation to the level of full field capacity. The withdrawal of irrigation to the level of half field capacity could reduce these values (≤50%), significantly. The decreased CO2 assimilation during drought stress was found to be correlated with decline in transpiration, largely regulated by stomatal dynamics to restrict CO2 diffusion, which also impaired carboxylation. Upon experiencing drought, the progressive loss in maximum quantum yield of photosystem II photochemistry (Fv/ Fm) and CO2 assimilation was found to be correlated with the loss in transpiration in both these clones. Consequently, the study reveals that irrigation to the level of half field capacity for a period of 60 days impaired agronomic traits viz., plant height, number of leaves, leaf area expansion, specific leaf area, relative water content, biomass, and harvest index, significantly. It also concludes susceptibility of clones G-48 and Kranti toward drought in relation to plant performance (i.e., CO2 assimilation, Fv/Fm, and biomass yield).

scholarly journals Exogenously Applied Ascorbic Acid-Mediated Changes in Osmoprotection and Oxidative Defense System Enhanced Water Stress Tolerance in Different Cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorious L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farooq ◽  
Bukhari ◽  
Akram ◽  
Ashraf ◽  
Wijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Oxidative Defense ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance

The present study was conducted to examine the effect of exogenously applied ascorbic acid (AsA) on osmoprotectants and the oxidative defense system in four cultivars (16171, 16183, 16207 and 16246) of safflower under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Water stress (60% field capacity) significantly decreased the shoot and root fresh and dry weights, shoot and root lengths and chlorophyll contents in all four safflower cultivars, while it increased the leaf free proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins, hydrogen peroxide content and activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymes. Foliar-applied (100 mg L−1 and 150 mg L−1) ascorbic acid caused a marked improvement in shoot and root fresh and dry weights, plant height, chlorophyll and AsA contents as well as the activity of peroxidase (POD) enzyme particularly under water deficit conditions. It also increased the accumulation of leaf proline, total phenolics, total soluble proteins and glycine betaine (GB) content in all four cultivars. Exogenously applied AsA lowered the contents of MDA and H2O2, and the activities of CAT and SOD enzymes. Overall, exogenously applied AsA had a positive effect on the growth of safflower plants under water deficit conditions which could be related to AsA-induced enhanced osmoprotection and regulation of antioxidant defense system.

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid Improves Water Stress Tolerance in Conocarpus erectus L. and Populus deltoides L. Saplings: Evidence from Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Changes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Zikria Zafar ◽  
Fahad Rasheed ◽  
Rana Muhammad Atif ◽  
Muhammad Asif Javed ◽  
Muhammad Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Conocarpus Erectus

Reforestation efforts are being challenged as water stress is hampering the sapling growth and survival in arid to semiarid regions. A controlled experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on water stress tolerance of Conocarpus erectus and Populus deltoides. Saplings were watered at 90%, 60%, and 30% of field capacity (FC), and half of the saplings under 60% and 30% FC were sprayed with 1.0 mM SA. Results indicated that dry weight production decreased significantly in Populus deltoides under both water deficit conditions, and leaf gas exchange parameters decreased significantly in both the species under both soil water deficit conditions. Foliar application of SA resulted in a significant increase in leaf gas exchange parameters, and compatible solutes, thereby increasing the dry weight production in both of the species under soil water deficit. Oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions) increased under soil water deficit and decreased after the foliar application of SA and was parallel to the increased antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase). Therefore, it can be concluded that foliar application of 1.0 mM SA can significantly improve the water stress tolerance in both species, however, positive impacts of SA application were higher in Conocarpus erectus due to improved photosynthetic capacity and increased antioxidant enzyme activity.

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