scholarly journals Developing Novel Rice Genotypes Harboring Specific QTL Alleles Associated with High Grain Yield under Water Shortage Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelrahman ◽  
Mahmoud E. Selim ◽  
Mahmoud A. ElSayed ◽  
Megahed H. Ammar ◽  
Fatma A. Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis ◽  
Promising Line

Rice is considered a strategic crop for many countries around the world, being the main cash crop for farmers. Water shortage stress occurrence as a result of climate change is among the main threats challenging rice breeders in the last few decades. In the current study, 19 Fn-lines were developed from four populations by crossing a reverse thermo-responsive genic male sterile (rTGMS) line, M.J.5460S, with the three high-quality Egyptian commercial cultivars Giza177, Sakha105, Sakha106 and the promising line GZ7768 as male parents. These newly developed lines, along with their parents, and two water shortage stress-tolerant international genotypes (Azucena and IRAT170), were cultivated under water-shortage stress conditions and compared with their performance under well-watered conditions. Results indicated that the yielding ability of the 19 newly developed lines exceeded those for the two Egyptian parents (Giza177 and Sakha105) under well-watered conditions. The lines M.J5460S/GIZA177-3 and M.J5460S/GIZA177-12 were the best performing genotypes under water shortage stress conditions. The genetic and heritability in broad sense estimates indicated that direct selection for grain yield (GY) under water-shortage stress is highly effective in the current study. Molecular marker analysis revealed that M.J5460S/GIZA177-3 had accumulated the quantitative trait loci (QTL)s, on the chromosomes 2, 3, and 9, which contribute to GY under water-shortage stress from their high yielding tolerant ancestor, M.J5460S. It could be concluded that those lines are high yielding under both well-watered and water-stress conditions harboring several QTLs for yield enhancement under both conditions and that the markers RM555, RM14551, RM3199, RM257, RM242, and RM410 are among the markers that could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs for such stress condition.

Correlation and path analysis of morpho-physiological and yield traits in boro rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shantanu Das ◽  
Debojit Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
Positive Direct

Thirty rice genotypes of local and exotic origin were analyzed to ascertain the genotypic and phenotypic correlation among 21 morpho-physiological and yield traits and their direct/ indirect contribution to grain yield under <italic>boro</italic> season. The result revealed that grain yield per plant had significant positive correlation with biological yield (0.927**, 0.766**), harvest index (0.748**, 0.658**), days to first flowering (0.459*, 0.377*), panicle length (0.501**, 0.445*), grains per panicle (0.576**, 0.484**) and 1000 grain weight (0.573**, 0.460*) at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analyses at both genotypic and phenotypic levels revealed high positive direct effect of biological yield (0.7181) and harvest index (0.6382) on grain yield per plant. Thus direct selection for grain yield per plant and indirect selection through these characters would be effective to improve yield in <italic>boro</italic> rice.

scholarly journals Phenological, Physiological and yield markers as efficient tools to identify drought tolerant rice genotypes in Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Goutam Kumar Dash ◽  
Arti Guhey ◽  
Mirza Jaynul Baig ◽  
Madhusmita Barik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACTRice production is severely threatened by drought stress in Eastern India. To develop drought tolerant varieties, selection of donors for breeding programme is crucial. Twenty one selected rice genotypes including both tolerant and sensitive to drought were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions in dry seasons of two successive years of 2017 and 2018. Leaf water potential, relative water content displayed significant difference among the genotypes during vegetative screening. At reproductive stage drought screening, days to 50% flowering was delayed in all genotypes except N22 and Anjali (showed early flowering) however grain yield and other yield related traits decreased significantly compared to well watered condition. Correlation analysis of phenological and yield related traits with grain yield revealed that tiller numbers and panicle numbers are highly correlated with grain yield both under well-watered and water stress conditions and contributes maximum towards grain yield. The dendrogram grouped Mahamaya, Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, IBD 1, Hazaridhan, Samleshwari and Danteshwari into one cluster which performed better under water stress conditions and had grain yield more than 1.69 tha−1. Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, Vandana, and N22 displayed tolerance to drought both under vegetative and reproductive conditions which could be a good selection for the breeders to develop drought tolerant rice cultivars for eastern region of India.

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes with High Grain Zinc in Five Different Locations of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
S. K. Singh ◽  
Partha Pratim Behera ◽  
D. K. Singh ◽  
Mounika Korada ◽  
Sonali Vijay Habde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Grain Zinc ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Rice is a major energy source food crop and a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. The knowledge of mean performance and stability of high grain Zinc rice genotypes  from a multi-location trial is a way to assess the genotypes so as to achieve food and nutritional security. The present research was conducted to study the stability of 21 high grain Zinc rice genotypes for thirteen yield and yield attributing traits in RCBD with 3 replications in five different locations of Eastern Uttar Pradesh using the Eberhart and Russell stability model. Based on the environmental index, Bhikaripur village is identified as the most favourable environment. The inspection of stability and ANOVA revealed that there were significant linear G x E interactions for most of the characters studied expect plant height, spikelet fertility % and total effective tiller number which implied that there were significant variations among the genotypes. The environment + (genotype x environment) was significant for most of the traits except grain L/B ratio representing specific nature of environments and G x E interaction in morphological expression. Based on the stability parameters none of the genotypes could be identified as stable for any traits over the five environments but, IR 97443-11-2-1-1-1-1 –B and Local check (HUR3022) showed stability for high yield in all the environments. The genotype, IR 97443-11-2-1-1-1-1 –B having stability for grain yield per ha with higher mean and short duration, is also stable for grain yield per plant, grain weight per panicle and spikelet fertility % and could be used as high yielding cultivar and can be used as a parent in future breeding programs. The genotype, IR 95044:8-B-5-22-19-GBS is having the highest grain Zinc content. High grain zinc with higher yield was reported in BRRIdhan 64 and it is stable for grain zinc content and can be used for Zinc bio-fortification breeding programs to minimize malnutrition to ensure food and nutritional security. 

Impact of Irrigation on Yield Attributes of Seven Wheat Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243
Author(s):  
Murad Ali ◽  
Zia Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Ahmad Zubair ◽  
Ansaar Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Grain Formation

Seven wheat genotypes i.e., PR-110, PR-112, PR-115, PR-118, PR-119, PR-120 and Pirsabak-13 were evaluated at: I0: Control, I1: irrigation at seedling stage, I2: irrigation at seedling and booting stages, I3: irrigation at seedling, tillering and booting stages and I4: irrigation at seedling, tillering, booting and grain formation stages. Among the genotypes, PR-115, PR-118 and PR-120 were found to be superior for grain yield and its related attributes under full and deficit water conditions. Irrigation at seedling + tillering + booting stages + grain formation stages (I4) produced statistically higher yield and related traits. It was also observed that in case of water shortage, irrigation at seedling and booting stages reduced the drastic losses in grain yield of wheat. The study suggested that identified promising wheat genotypes can be utilized in future breeding programs to develop drought tolerant varieties. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 235-243, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals Combination Capacity and Association Among Traits of Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Alexsander Rigatti ◽  
Alan J. de Pelegrin ◽  
Carine Meier ◽  
Andrei Lunkes ◽  
Luís A. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait, because its expression is associated to the large number of genes with small effect. In addition, there is interaction among different yield components and environment effect, making difficult the direct selection of genotypes. The most viable alternative for wheat breeding programs, an autogamous plant, is use artificial crosses in order to obtain superior genotypes. Hybridization after use of successive self-fertilizations results in segregating populations, which reveal the genetic variability, especially when the parents are genetically different. Therefore, it is important to know genetic relationships between crosses, which will serve as reference for decision making in the choice of combinations. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are used, which facilitate choice of the best parents to compose crossover block. In addition to these parameters, path analysis can be used to determine importance of primary and secondary traits and to guide indirect selection of promising genotypes by means of interest traits.

scholarly journals Performance of Dry-Seeded Rice Genotypes under Varied Soil Moisture Regimes and Foliar-Applied Hormones

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Rajinder Pal ◽  
Gulshan Mahajan ◽  
Virender Sardana ◽  
Bavita Asthir ◽  
Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Sink Size

Plant hormones influence various physiological processes during the growth and development of plants, but their critical roles in influencing yield and antioxidant activities in dry-seeded rice (DSR) have not been adequately explored. This study aims to analyze the performance and antioxidant activity of contrasting genotypes of DSR in response to soil moisture regimes and foliar-applied hormones. The study comprised sixteen treatments that were evaluated under field conditions as per split-plot design in three replications. Treatments comprised combinations of two soil moisture tension regimes (10 kPa and 20 kPa) and two genotypes (PR-111, non-stay-green type and PR-123, stay-green type) applied to the main plots and foliar application of three hormones (gibberellic acid (GA3) 40 mg kg−1, abscisic acid (ABA) 20 mg kg−1, and cytokinin (CK) 40 mg kg−1)) and a control (unsprayed) to subplots. The non-stay-green genotype (PR-111) resulted in 34.6% more grain yield (6.48 t ha−1) than the stay-green genotype (PR-123) at the lower soil moisture tension regime (SMTR) (10 kPa) due to the increased number of filled grains per panicle and improvement in harvest index (HI). At the higher SMTR (20 kPa), the stay-green genotype (PR-123) produced 26.4% more grain yield (5.21 t ha−1) than non-stay green genotype (4.12 t ha−1) and showed enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxide dismutase (POD) activity that may have contributed in maintaining sink size through improved chlorophyll content. Grain yield (6.35 t ha−1) with foliar-applied GA3 (40 mg kg−1) at SMTR of 10 kPa was higher by 12.2% and 24.0% than with foliar-applied ABA (20 mg kg−1) and unsprayed treatments, respectively. Irrigation application at SMTR of 20 kPa and foliar application of ABA gave 24.1% higher grain yield (5.15 t ha−1) than the unsprayed treatment, but it was similar to foliar-applied GA3 and CK. This study implied that the stay-green genotype (PR-123) was more suitable under moisture stress conditions (20 kPa) in DSR, as it maintained sink size even under moisture stress conditions by improving dry matter translocation and enhancing SOD and POD activity. The study suggests the need to find out the endogenous level of these plant hormones in rice genotypes under a range of water regimes to develop high yielding and water use efficient genotypes of DSR.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Zinc and Iron Rich Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines of Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
S Mashiat ◽  
NA Ivy ◽  
MG Rasul ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
MS Raihan
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
B Lines

A total of 23 cytoplasmic male sterile (A) lines with their corresponding maintainer (B) lines of rice were used for the experiment. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized block design with two replications in the experimental field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during Aman season 2017. A total of 13 characters were studied. BRRI 1A, IR 62 A and IR 68888 A had shown both the earliness and dwarfness character. The higher yield per plant was obtained from Gan 46 A, Straw A, Sugundhi dhan 2A, IR 68888 A and BRRI 1A. Zinc and Iron content of phenotypically best performed rice genotypes were determined in brown condition by using X-Ray Fluorescence technique (XRF). Small differences between Genotypic and Phenotypic coefficient of variation were recorded for all the characters studied which indicated less influence of environment in expression of the characters. Correlation study revealed that selection based on weight of filled grain per panicle, thousand grain weight and number of grains per panicle would be effective for increasing grain yield per plant. Path co-efficient study showed that direct selection based on weight of filled grain per panicle and number of effective tiller per plant would be indicator for yield improvement. Considering yield and studied characters IR 58 A, IR 62 A, IR 68888 A, Gan 46 A and BRRI 1A could be used as cytoplasmic male sterile line which is enriched with zinc and iron. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 105-114

scholarly journals Selection of soybean populations for earliness and high grain yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e546973816
Author(s):  
Katiane Secco Castro ◽  
Renan Massambani Peres ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Jorge Gonzalez Aguilera ◽  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Economic Weight ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Selection Of

Brazilian breeding programs usually aim at finding genotypes with early cycle and high grain yield. Thus, this study aimed to select early soybean lines with high grain yield for the Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out in the 2017-2018 season, in the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus Chapadão do Sul, and consisted of an augmented blocks design, using 196 lines and ten controls, with five replications for each control. The experiment evaluated the traits plant height, number of days to flowering, and grain yield. After verifying the genetic variability for all traits, two selection methods were evaluated, the direct selection in each trait and the simultaneous selection (to decrease plant height and number of days to flowering and increase grain yield, using the Mulamba and Mock index). The latter considered two scenarios were when establishing the economic weight: the coefficient of genotypic variation (CVg) and arbitrary weights. Direct selection on the variables had unsatisfactory results. The Mulamba and Mock revealed unsatisfactory results when using CVg as the economic weight and satisfactory results when using arbitrary weights.

Phosphorus fertilization in inbred and hybrid rice

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
PK Saha ◽  
SK Zaman ◽  
MJ Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
P Balance ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Boro Rice

Five phosphorus rates (0, 5, 10, 20 and 30 kg P/ha) were tested with four rice genotypes in Boro (BRRI dhan36, BRRI dhan45, EH1 and EH2) and T. Aman (BRRI dhan30, BRRI dhan49, EH1 and EH2) season. Phosphorus rates did not influence grain yield irrespective of varieties in T. Aman season while in Boro season P response was observed among the P rates. Application of P @ 10 kg/ha significantly increased the grain yield. But when P was applied @ 20 and 30 kg P/ha, the grain yield difference was not significant. The optimum and economic rate of P for T. Aman was 20 kg P/ha but in Boro rice the optimum and economic doses of P were 22 and 30 kg/ha, respectively. Hybrid entries (EH1 and EH2) used P more efficiently than inbred varieties. A negative P balance was observed up to 10 kg P/ha. Key words: Response; Phosphorus fertilizer; Inbred; Hybrid rice DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8962 DUJBS 2010; 19(2): 181-187

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