scholarly journals Combination Capacity and Association Among Traits of Grain Yield in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Alexsander Rigatti ◽  
Alan J. de Pelegrin ◽  
Carine Meier ◽  
Andrei Lunkes ◽  
Luís A. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Environment Effect ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Grain yield is a complex quantitative trait, because its expression is associated to the large number of genes with small effect. In addition, there is interaction among different yield components and environment effect, making difficult the direct selection of genotypes. The most viable alternative for wheat breeding programs, an autogamous plant, is use artificial crosses in order to obtain superior genotypes. Hybridization after use of successive self-fertilizations results in segregating populations, which reveal the genetic variability, especially when the parents are genetically different. Therefore, it is important to know genetic relationships between crosses, which will serve as reference for decision making in the choice of combinations. Therefore, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) are used, which facilitate choice of the best parents to compose crossover block. In addition to these parameters, path analysis can be used to determine importance of primary and secondary traits and to guide indirect selection of promising genotypes by means of interest traits.

scholarly journals Tolerance to preharvest sprouting and yield of wheat genotypes from different breeding programs

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 698-706
Author(s):  
Rafael Nörnberg ◽  
José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽  
Henrique de Souza Luche ◽  
Elisane Weber Tessmann ◽  
Sydney Antonio Frehner Kavalco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract:The objective of this work was to characterize the performance of elite wheat genotypes from different Brazilian breeding programs for traits associated with grain yield and preharvest sprouting. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in the municipality of Capão do Leão, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty-three wheat genotypes were evaluated for traits related to preharvest sprouting and grain yield. The estimate of genetic distance was used to predict potential combinations for selection of plants with high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting. The combined analysis of sprouted grains and falling number shows that the TBIO Alvorada, TBIO Mestre, Frontana, Fundacep Raízes, Fundacep Cristalino, and BRS Guamirim genotypes are tolerant to preharvest sprouting. Combinations of TBIO Alvorada and TBIO Mestre with Fundacep Cristalino show high potential for recovering superior genotypes for high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting.

scholarly journals Diallel analysis in white oat cultivars subjected to water stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Ribeiro ◽  
Gustavo da Silveira ◽  
Maraisa Crestani ◽  
Rafael Nornberg ◽  
Henrique de Souza Luche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Panicle Weight

The goal of this work was to determine the combining ability of three white oat parental genotypes (UPF 18, URS21 and URS 22) and to estimate the heterosis of F1 hybrids in two conditions, with and without water stress. The results indicate a large effect of the environment on the evaluated characters (cycle, leaf area, plant stature, grain yield per plant, main panicle weight and number of grains of the main panicle). The condition without stress was the most efficient for the selection of superior genotypes. Based on the general and specific combining ability, the cultivar URS 22 was shown to be indicated for cycle and stature reduction, while UPF 18 lead to increases in leaf area, main panicle weight and number of grains of the main panicle. The specific cross URS 22 x URS 21 was the best for the selection of superior genotypes.

scholarly journals Selection of soybean populations for earliness and high grain yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e546973816
Author(s):  
Katiane Secco Castro ◽  
Renan Massambani Peres ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Jorge Gonzalez Aguilera ◽  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Economic Weight ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Selection Of

Brazilian breeding programs usually aim at finding genotypes with early cycle and high grain yield. Thus, this study aimed to select early soybean lines with high grain yield for the Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out in the 2017-2018 season, in the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus Chapadão do Sul, and consisted of an augmented blocks design, using 196 lines and ten controls, with five replications for each control. The experiment evaluated the traits plant height, number of days to flowering, and grain yield. After verifying the genetic variability for all traits, two selection methods were evaluated, the direct selection in each trait and the simultaneous selection (to decrease plant height and number of days to flowering and increase grain yield, using the Mulamba and Mock index). The latter considered two scenarios were when establishing the economic weight: the coefficient of genotypic variation (CVg) and arbitrary weights. Direct selection on the variables had unsatisfactory results. The Mulamba and Mock revealed unsatisfactory results when using CVg as the economic weight and satisfactory results when using arbitrary weights.

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8247
Author(s):  
Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽  
Christos Noulas ◽  
Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽  
Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽  
Evangelia Tigka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

Wheat breeding history reveals synergistic selection of pleiotropic genomic sites for plant architecture and grain yield

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aili Li ◽  
Chenyang Hao ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Shuaifeng Geng ◽  
Meiling Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding History ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Diallelic analysis for lysine and oil contents in maize grains

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Oliveira Medici ◽  
Salete Aparecida Gaziola ◽  
Vanderlei Aparecido Varisi ◽  
José Antonio Carmezini de Paula ◽  
Renato Rodrigues Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
N Level ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Six S5 lines of maize, with differences for lysine and oil contents in grains, were used to carry out a complete series of diallelic crosses. The resulting 15 hybrids were grown in a field at two nitrogen levels (10 and 130 kg N ha-1). The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained by using the method 4, model I of Griffing for grain yield, and grain lysine and oil contents. Significant (p < 0.001) interaction was observed between GCA and N levels for grain yield, indicating the selection of different lines for each N level. This interaction was not significant for lysine content, but there were significant effects of GCA for this trait at both N levels (p < 0.1). Significant effects were not observed for GCA or SCA for oil content, however a positive correlation was observed between lysine and oil contents in the hybrids, in the lines and even in the control cultivars. The results indicate the effectiveness of selection for lysine content, irrespective of N level, in the studied non-opaque maize lines, and the possibility of achieving both high lysine and oil content in grains.

scholarly journals Inheritance of plant height, spike length and number of spikelets per spike in Durum wheat

2007 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Gorjanovic ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
First Year ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Additive Genes

Using the line x tester analysis we studied the combining ability and gene effects of plant height, spike length and number of spikelets per spike in durum wheat. The results of the study show that non-additive genes play more important role than additive genes in the inheritance of plant height, number of spikelets per spike in both years and in inheritance of spike length only in the first year of research. Variety Belfugito, the best general combiner for plant height and number of spikelets per spike, combined well in two best hybrids: Belfugito x Alifen and Belfugito x Yavaros 79, and these hybrids may be used in wheat breeding programs. In the majority of the cases, good specific combining ability (SCA) effects were associated with crosses of two genetically divergent parents having at least one parent as a good general combiner.

scholarly journals Selection strategies in agronomic characters in progenies F3:4 of transgenic soy RR

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Regina Tiago Carneiro ◽  
Osvaldo Toshiyuki Hamawaki ◽  
Ana Paula Oliveira Nogueira ◽  
Arthur Felipe Eustáquio e Silva ◽  
Raphael Lemes Hamawaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Aggregate Information ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection Indexes ◽  
Total Gain ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The selection indexes aggregate information to multiple characters and, with this, they are able to carry out the selection of a set of variables simultaneously. The objective was to verify the genetic potential of agronomic traits and to select soybean F3:4 progenies based on different selection strategies. 123 progenies and the parents were sown in randomized blocks with two replications. The gains of direct selection by the indexes, the sum of “ranks” and the genotype-ideotype were lower for all characters when compared to the gains of direct and indirect selection. The rank sum index stood out for achieving the highest total gain with 37.11%. The index of the genotype-ideotype obtained a lower gain (-0.48%) for the character number of days for flowering compared to the sum index of “ranks” (-0.54%) and reached a negative gain for the attribute insertion height of the first pod with -1.82%. The genetic potential of the F3:4 population is high and allows different selection strategies to be applied to reach superior genotypes. The progenies UFU 72, UFU 116, UFU 86, UFU 45, UFU 117, UFU 56, UFU 5, UFU 106, UFU 6, UFU 4, UFU 73, UFU 101, UFU 96, UFU 90, UFU 123, UFU 116, UFU 88, UFU 65, UFU 70, UFU 3, UFU 69 and UFU 37 were selected by both selection indexes. The UFU 72, UFU 90, UFU 88 and UFU 69 progenies are agronomically superior both in direct and indirect selection, as in Mulamba and Mock (1978) sum of “ranks” selections and genotype-ideotype.

scholarly journals Diurnal Variations in Physiological Characteristics, Photoassimilates, and Total Ascorbate in Early and Late Sown Indian Wheat Cultivars under Exposure to Elevated Ozone

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Durgesh Singh Yadav ◽  
Bhavna Jaiswal ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Agrawal ◽  
Madhoolika Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Elevated Ozone ◽  
Selection Of

Rising tropospheric ozone (O3) in the atmosphere is detrimental to crop’s productivity and is one of the reasons for a warmer climate. The present study describes diurnal changes in gaseous exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, ascorbic acid, and photoassimilate parameters in flag leaves of four Indian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (two early sown and two late sown cultivars) under ambient and elevated O3 treatments, using the open-top chambers (OTCs). Results showed that the diurnal pattern of photosynthetic rate (Ps), sucrose, and ascorbic acid content varied according to changes in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and O3 concentrations during the daytime and were maximum between 10:00 to 12:00. The present study suggested that elevated O3 caused more negative effects on photosystem II in early sown compared to late sown cultivars. The greater loss of photosynthesis led to lower production of photoassimilates in early sown cultivars, which utilized more assimilates in ascorbic acid formation for detoxification of ROS formed due to elevated O3. This work will also help to identify the robustness of physiological machinery in different wheat cultivars under elevated levels of O3, and may be used for selection of suitable cultivars during future breeding programs.

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