The Efficiency of Different Priming Agents for Improving Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Local Tunisian Barley under Salinity Stress

The current work aimed to investigate the effect of seed priming with different agents (CaCl2, KCl, and KNO3) on germination and seedling establishment in seeds of the barley species of both Hordeum vulgare (L. Manel) and Hordeum maritimum germinated with three salt concentrations (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). The results showed that under unprimed conditions, salt stress significantly reduced the final germination rate, the mean daily germination, and the seedling length and dry weight. It led to a decrease in the essential nutrient content (iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) against an increase in sodium level in both of the barley species. Moreover, this environmental constraint provoked a membrane injury caused by a considerable increase in electrolyte leakage and the malondialdehyde content (MDA). Data analysis proved that seed priming with CaCl2, KCl, and KNO3 was an effective method for alleviating barley seed germination caused by salt stress to varying degrees. Different priming treatments clearly stimulated germination parameters and the essential nutrient concentration, in addition to increasing the seedling growth rate. The application of seed priming reduced the accumulation of sodium ions and mitigated the oxidative stress of seeds caused by salt. This mitigation was traduced by the maintenance of low levels of MDA and electrolyte leakage. We conclude that the priming agents can be classed into three ranges based on their efficacy on the different parameters analyzed; CaCl2 was placed in the first range, followed closely by KNO3, while the least effective was KCl, which placed in the third range.

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Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/cerce-2018-0025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 51-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.K. Hasan ◽

M.S. Islam ◽

M.R. Islam ◽

H.N. Ismaan ◽

A. El Sabagh

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Sand Culture ◽

Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

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The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245505

Author(s):

Xiaofei Chen ◽

Ruidong Zhang ◽

Yifan Xing ◽

Bing Jiang ◽

Bang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Future Research ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

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Alleviation of salt stress using gibberellic acid in Chinese cabbage

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.60.2012.4.5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 345-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Jamil ◽

M. Ashraf ◽

E. Rha

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Membrane Injury

Salinity reduces plant growth and yield by affecting morphological and physiological processes. To alleviate the harmful effects of salt stress various approaches involving plant hormones are used. In this study several parameters involving the measurement of cell membrane injury were used to observe whether stress tolerance could be enhanced in Chinese cabbage (B. oleracea capitata L. Chinensis group) by soaking the seeds for 10 h in distilled water (control), or in 100, 150 or 200 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). The NaCl concentrations were 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM. Seed treated with GA3 showed increased water uptake and decreased electrolyte leakage as compared to that of distilled water-primed seeds even 24 h after soaking under control conditions. Seed priming with GA3 increased the final germination and the germination rate (1/t50, where t50 is the time to 50% germination) under salt stress conditions. Seed priming also alleviated the harmful effect of salt stress on cabbage in terms of fresh and dry weights. Leaf area was higher in plants raised from seeds primed with the higher GA3 concentrations as compared with those raised from seeds treated with distilled water under control conditions (without NaCl) or at 50 mM NaCl stress. The chlorophyll content increased with the NaCl concentration, especially in plants grown from seeds primed with GA3. Plants grown from GA3-primed seeds also suffered lower cellular injury both under control conditions and under NaCl stress.

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The Effects of Salinity Stress on Seed Reserve Utilization and Germination Percentage of Treated Seeds of Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/cerce-2014-0003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 23-29

Author(s):

S.A. Tabatabaei

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Percentage Weight

ABSTRACT In order to investigate salinity stress on seed reserve utilization and seedling growth of treated seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), an experiment was carried out. Factorial experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replicates. To create salinity stress, NaCl in osmotic levels at 0 (as control), -4, -8, -12 and -16 bar were used. For seed priming, gibberellin (GA) 50 ppm was used. Our results showed that treatment × drought interaction on these traits: germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were significant. The highest germination percentage, weight of utilized (mobilized) seed, seed reserve utilization efficiency, seedling dry weight and seed reserve depletion percentage were attained from priming by gibberellin at control conditions. Thus, priming increased characteristics as compared to the unprimed. Priming improved seed reserve utilization such as: weight of utilized (mobilized) seed reserve, seed reserve depletion percentage, seed reserve utilization efficiency and seedling growth in barley under salinity stress.

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Responses of Maize Varieties to Salt Stress in Relation to Germination and Seedling Growth

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.69.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nuurismaan Hassan ◽

Md. Kamrul Hasan ◽

Md. Obaidullah Shaddam ◽

Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽

Celaleddin Barutçular ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Tap Water ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Water Control ◽

Maize Varieties

A pot experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohamad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Bangladesh during 2016 to evaluate the response of maize varieties at germination and seedling growth stages under salt stress. The seeds of the BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) developed four maize varietiesviz.Barnali, Khoi Vutta, Mohor and BARI Maize 5 were placed in plastic pots (each of 25 cm length and 12 cm width) on sand bed irrigated with tap water (control), 100 and 200 mM NaCl salt solutions. It was replicated in thrice with completely randomized design (CRD). Salinity stress significantly affected the germination characters and seedling growth parameters of maize varieties. The germination percentages (GP) and germination rate (GR) reduced significantly with increasing salinity, and the variety Khoi Vutta showed the highest GP and GR followed by Barnali and Mohor showed the lowest GP and GR followed by BARI maize 5. Under high salinity level, seedling growths characteristics like shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots reduced remarkably in the variety Mohor indicating salt susceptible while the minimum reduction of the aforementioned traits was observed in the variety Khoi Vutta demonstrating high salt tolerant variety. The studied varieties can be ranked on the basis of salt tolerance as Khoi Vutta > Barnali > BARI Maize 5 > Mohor from the experiment.

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Mitigation of Salt Stress in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) by Seed and Foliar 24-epibrassinolide Treatments

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.47.5.631 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 631-636 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Melek Ekinci ◽

Ertan Yildirim ◽

Atilla Dursun ◽

Metin Turan

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Almost All

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) applications on growth, chlorophyll, and mineral content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) grown under salt stress. The study was conducted in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. Lettuce seedlings were treated with seed and foliar 24-EBL applications at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 μM). Salinity treatments were established by adding 0, 50, and 100 mm of sodium chloride (NaCl) to a base complete nutrient solution. Results showed that salt stress negatively affected the growth and mineral content of lettuce plants. However, seed and foliar applications of 24-EBL resulted in greater shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight as well as higher stem diameter than the control under salt stress. Salinity treatments induced significant increases in electrolyte leakage of plant, but foliar 24-EBL application reduced leaf electrolyte leakage and has determined lower values of leaf electrolyte leakage than non-treated ones. In regard to nutrient content, it can be inferred that 24-EBL applications increased almost all nutrient content in leaves and roots of lettuce plants under salt stress. Generally, the greatest values were obtained from 3 μM 24-EBL application. Treatments of 24-EBL alleviated the negative effect of salinity on the growth of lettuce.

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Salicylic acid ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress on strawberry

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162009000200006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 180-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Huseyin Karlidag ◽

Ertan Yildirim ◽

Metin Turan

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Negative Effect

Strawberry is considered as a salinity sensitive species and is adversely affected in response to the salt stress in terms of growth and yield. Pot experiments were conducted to determine the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application on physiology, growth, chlorophyll and mineral content of strawberry grown under salt stress and greenhouse conditions. Strawberry plants were treated with SA at different concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM). Salinity treatments were established by adding 0 and 35 mM of NaCl to a base complete nutrient solution. Salt stress negatively affected the growth, chlorophyll content and mineral uptake of strawberry plants. However, plants treated with SA often had greater shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight as well as higher chlorophyll content under salt stress. The greatest values were obtained with 1.00 mM SA treatment in both saline and non-saline conditions. Leaf water relative content (LWRC) was reduced in response to salt stress while electrolyte leakage was raised. SA treatments induced increases in LWRC and decreases in electrolyte leakage compared to the control under salt stress. With respect to the nutrient content, SA treatments increased almost contents of all nutrients in leaves and roots of strawberry plants under salt stress. The greatest values were often obtained by the 1.00 mM SA treatment. These findings suggest that the SA treatments can ameliorate the negative effect of salinity on the growth of strawberries.

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Seed priming with brassinolide improves lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) seed germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under salinity stress

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar06253 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 811 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

S. Zhang ◽

J. Hu ◽

Y. Zhang ◽

X. J. Xie ◽

Allen Knapp

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Medicago Sativa ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

High Level

Salt stress is an important constraint to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) production in many parts of the world. Seeds of 3 lucerne varieties, cvv. Victoria, Golden Empress, and Victor, were used to investigate the effects of seed priming with 5 µm/L brassinolide on germination and seedling growth under a high level of salt stress (13.6 dS/m NaCl solution). The results showed that germination percentage, germination index, and vigour index of lucerne seeds primed with brassinolide were significantly higher than those of the non-primed seeds under salinity stress in each variety. Seed priming with brassinolide significantly increased the shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight in 2 varieties, and significantly increased the root length and root vigour in each variety. It also significantly increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), in Victoria and Victor seedlings. During seedling growth, the primed seeds significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. This suggests that priming lucerne seed with brassinolide at a suitable concentration can improve germination and seedling growth under high-saline soils.

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Germination and Seedling Growth of Pulse Crop (Vigna Spp.) as Affected by Soil Salt Stress

Current Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.12944/carj.4.2.05 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 159-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Pankaj Awasthi ◽

Himani Karki ◽

Vibhuti Vibhuti ◽

Kiran Bargali ◽

S. S Bargali

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Sensitive Species ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Vigna Species ◽

Stress Levels

Vigna is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae with worldwide distribution. In the present study, effect of salt stress was investigated in four species of Vigna viz. V. mungo (urd), V. angularis (rais), V. radiata (moong) and V. aconitifolia (moth) at germination and seedling growth stages in a glasshouse experiment. Seeds of selected crops were surface sterilized and placed under three salt stress levels of 0 (control), 50mM and 100mM using NaCl solutions. Three replicates for each treatment was used for this experiment. The results indicated that increase in salt stress levels caused a reduction in germination percentage, germination rate, shoot length, root length and seedling dry weight of each Vigna species. The overall results indicated that among the four species, V. aconitifolia was the most sensitive, whereas V. mungo was the least sensitive species to the salinity in almost every aspect of growth.

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Accelerating Seed Germination and Juvenile Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Manage Climate Variability through Hydro-Priming

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12040419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 419

Author(s):

Siaka Dembélé ◽

Robert B. Zougmoré ◽

Adama Coulibaly ◽

John P. A. Lamers ◽

Jonathan P. Tetteh

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Hot Water ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Simple Method ◽

Early Season

Agriculture in Mali, a country in Sahelian West Africa, strongly depends on rainfall and concurrently has a low adaptive capacity, making it consequently one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change worldwide. Since early-season drought limits crop germination, and hence growth, ultimately yield during rain-fed depending on production is commonly experienced nowadays in Mali. Germination and establishment of key crops such as the staple sorghum could be improved by seed priming. The effects of hydro-priming with different water sources (e.g., distilled, tap, rain, river, well water) were evaluated respectively for three priming time durations in tepid e.g., at 25 °C (4, 8, and 12 h) and by hot water at 70 °C (in contrast to 10, 20, and 30 min.) in 2014 and 2015. Seed germination and seedling development of nine sorghum genotypes were monitored. Compared to non-primed seed treatments, hydro-priming significantly [p = 0.01] improved final germination percentage, germination rate index, total seedling length, root length, root vigor index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. The priming with water from wells and rivers resulted in significant higher seed germination (85%) and seedling development, compared to the three other sources of water. Seed germination rate, uniformity, and speed were enhanced by hydro-priming also. It is argued that hydro-priming is a safe and simple method that effectively improve seed germination and seedling development of sorghum. If used in crop fields, the above most promising genotypes may contribute to managing early season drought and avoid failure of seed germination and crop failure in high climate variability contexts.

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