The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

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Accelerating Seed Germination and Juvenile Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Manage Climate Variability through Hydro-Priming

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12040419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 419

Author(s):

Siaka Dembélé ◽

Robert B. Zougmoré ◽

Adama Coulibaly ◽

John P. A. Lamers ◽

Jonathan P. Tetteh

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Hot Water ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Simple Method ◽

Early Season

Agriculture in Mali, a country in Sahelian West Africa, strongly depends on rainfall and concurrently has a low adaptive capacity, making it consequently one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change worldwide. Since early-season drought limits crop germination, and hence growth, ultimately yield during rain-fed depending on production is commonly experienced nowadays in Mali. Germination and establishment of key crops such as the staple sorghum could be improved by seed priming. The effects of hydro-priming with different water sources (e.g., distilled, tap, rain, river, well water) were evaluated respectively for three priming time durations in tepid e.g., at 25 °C (4, 8, and 12 h) and by hot water at 70 °C (in contrast to 10, 20, and 30 min.) in 2014 and 2015. Seed germination and seedling development of nine sorghum genotypes were monitored. Compared to non-primed seed treatments, hydro-priming significantly [p = 0.01] improved final germination percentage, germination rate index, total seedling length, root length, root vigor index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. The priming with water from wells and rivers resulted in significant higher seed germination (85%) and seedling development, compared to the three other sources of water. Seed germination rate, uniformity, and speed were enhanced by hydro-priming also. It is argued that hydro-priming is a safe and simple method that effectively improve seed germination and seedling development of sorghum. If used in crop fields, the above most promising genotypes may contribute to managing early season drought and avoid failure of seed germination and crop failure in high climate variability contexts.

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Alleviation of salt stress using gibberellic acid in Chinese cabbage

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.60.2012.4.5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 345-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Jamil ◽

M. Ashraf ◽

E. Rha

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Chinese Cabbage ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Membrane Injury

Salinity reduces plant growth and yield by affecting morphological and physiological processes. To alleviate the harmful effects of salt stress various approaches involving plant hormones are used. In this study several parameters involving the measurement of cell membrane injury were used to observe whether stress tolerance could be enhanced in Chinese cabbage (B. oleracea capitata L. Chinensis group) by soaking the seeds for 10 h in distilled water (control), or in 100, 150 or 200 mg l−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). The NaCl concentrations were 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM. Seed treated with GA3 showed increased water uptake and decreased electrolyte leakage as compared to that of distilled water-primed seeds even 24 h after soaking under control conditions. Seed priming with GA3 increased the final germination and the germination rate (1/t50, where t50 is the time to 50% germination) under salt stress conditions. Seed priming also alleviated the harmful effect of salt stress on cabbage in terms of fresh and dry weights. Leaf area was higher in plants raised from seeds primed with the higher GA3 concentrations as compared with those raised from seeds treated with distilled water under control conditions (without NaCl) or at 50 mM NaCl stress. The chlorophyll content increased with the NaCl concentration, especially in plants grown from seeds primed with GA3. Plants grown from GA3-primed seeds also suffered lower cellular injury both under control conditions and under NaCl stress.

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Inducing salt tolerance in sweet corn by magnetic priming

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2017.109.1.09 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (1) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Soheil Karimi ◽

Saeid ESHGHI ◽

Saeid KARIMI ◽

Saman HASAN-NEZHADIAN

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Proline Accumulation ◽

Membrane Thermostability ◽

Germination And Growth ◽

Magnetic Priming

This study evaluates seed germination and growth of sweet corn under NaCl stress (0, 50, and 100 mM), after exposing the seeds to weak (15 mT) or strong (150 mT) magnetic fields (MF) for different durations (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours). Salinity reduced seed germination and plant growth. MF treatments enhanced rate and percentage of germination and improved plant growth, regardless of salinity. Higher germination rate was obtained by the stronger MF, however, the seedling were more vigorous after priming with 15 mT MF. Proline accumulation was observed in parallel with the loss of plant water content under 100 mM NaCl stress. MF prevented proline accumulation by improving water absorption. Positive correlation between H2O2 accumulation and membrane thermostability (MTI) was found after MF treatments, which revealed that MF primed the plant for salinity by H2O2 signaling. However, over-accumulation of H2O2 after prolonged MF exposure adversely affected MTI under severe salt stress. In conclusion, magnetic priming for 6 hours was suggested for enhancing germination and growth of sweet corn under salt stress.

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The Hormonal Seed Priming in Relation to Carrot Germination

Journal La Lifesci ◽

10.37899/journallalifesci.v1i6.261 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (6) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Filza Ghafoor ◽

Sana Liaqat ◽

Waseem Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Matter Content ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Seedling Length

Seed priming is a pre-sowing treatment used to reduce stress effects in crops .This technique has been used to increase the germination rate of seeds mainly under unfavorable environmental condition. Crop productivity faces many problems like that unavailability of suitable condition that causes unbalanced seedling growth and poor germination. Hormones are essential to improve plant growth, development, crop yield quality and quantity. Auxin is essential hormones that improves germination of seeds and reduce stress effects. Laboratory experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed priming using different concentrations of IAA and IBA on carrot seeds (Daucus carota). In laboratory experiment, three concentrations of IAA and IBA (75 ppm, 50ppm, 25ppm) treated with distilled water with priming duration of 24 hours. Experiment was laid out in CRD with three replications. Data was collected to investigate the effect of seed priming with IAA and IBA under these condition like that (fresh weight, dry weight, speed of germination, root length, seed length, seedling length, final germination rate, mean germination time and dry matter content). Maximum fresh weight, final germination percentage, seedling length, energy of germination, speed of germination and mean germination rate was recorded IBA 75ppm. Maximum dry weight and dry matter content was observed IBA 25ppm.Maximum shoot length was recorded IBA 50ppm. Non-significant difference was recorded in root length.

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The Effect of Osmopriming on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Characteristics of Carum carvi L.

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10040094 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Iman Mirmazloum ◽

Attila Kiss ◽

Éva Erdélyi ◽

Márta Ladányi ◽

Éva Zámboriné Németh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Carum Carvi ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Seedling Characteristics

Two experiments (in Petri dishes and in soil) were conducted to investigate the effects of osmopriming on seed germination and the early seedling characteristics of caraway (Carum carvi L. var. annua). The priming treatments in the Petri dish experiment were: polyethylene glycol (5%, 10% and 20%), KNO3 (0.5%, 1% and 2%) and KCL (1%, 2% and 4%) with three different soaking times (12, 24 and 36 h) along with control (non-primed seeds). Only polyethylene glycol and H2O were applied in the cell tray experiment, which were then compared with the non-primed seeds. In the Petri dish experiment, all three priming reagents significantly enhanced seedling length, with the most effective treatments being 5% PEG, 2% KNO3 and 1% KCL for 12 h. The plumule dry weights were also increased significantly after PEG (20% for 36 h), KNO3 (2% for 24 and 36 h) and KCL (1% for 12 h) treatments in comparison with the control. In the soil experiment, osmopriming with PEG significantly improved the germination rate (GR) and percentage, the plumule dry and fresh weights and the plumule length of caraway seedlings when compared with the control. A 23% higher germination percentage was recorded for the seeds treated with 5% PEG for 24 h as compared with the non-primed seeds. The PEG-primed seeds produced significantly longer seedlings when treated with 5% PEG for 24 h. All of the applied PEG treatments significantly enhanced the plumule fresh and dry weights, with the best outcomes being after 5% PEG (24 h) and 10% PEG (36 h) treatments, respectively. The 12-h hydro-priming also significantly enhanced all of the studied germination parameters when compared to the control. The results of the presented experiments show the significant positive effects of seed priming on caraway germination and how early seedling performance can easily be adopted by producers.

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Haplotype Analysis of BADH1 by Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Association with Salt Tolerance in Rice during Domestication

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7578

Author(s):

Myeong-Hyeon Min ◽

Thant Zin Maung ◽

Yuan Cao ◽

Rungnapa Phitaktansakul ◽

Gang-Seob Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Plant Traits ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Future Research ◽

Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽

Cultivated Rice ◽

Germination Time ◽

Mean Germination Time

Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (BADH1), a paralog of the fragrance gene BADH2, is known to be associated with salt stress through the accumulation of synthesized glycine betaine (GB), which is involved in the response to abiotic stresses. Despite the unclear association between BADH1 and salt stress, we observed the responses of eight phenotypic characteristics (germination percentage (GP), germination energy (GE), germination index (GI), mean germination time (MGT), germination rate (GR), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), and total dry weight (TDW)) to salt stress during the germination stage of 475 rice accessions to investigate their association with BADH1 haplotypes. We found a total of 116 SNPs and 77 InDels in the whole BADH1 gene region, representing 39 haplotypes. Twenty-nine haplotypes representing 27 mutated alleles (two InDels and 25 SNPs) were highly (p < 0.05) associated with salt stress, including the five SNPs that have been previously reported to be associated with salt tolerance. We observed three predominant haplotypes associated with salt tolerance, Hap_2, Hap_18, and Hap_23, which were Indica specific, indicating a comparatively high number of rice accessions among the associated haplotypes. Eight plant parameters (phenotypes) also showed clear responses to salt stress, and except for MGT (mean germination time), all were positively correlated with each other. Different signatures of domestication for BADH1 were detected in cultivated rice by identifying the highest and lowest Tajima’s D values of two major cultivated ecotypes (Temperate Japonica and Indica). Our findings on these significant associations and BADH1 evolution to plant traits can be useful for future research development related to its gene expression.

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Effects of exogenous ascorbic acid on seed germination and seedling salt-tolerance of alfalfa

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. e0250926

Author(s):

Zhao Chen ◽

Xin-long Cao ◽

Jun-peng Niu

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Legume Crop ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Main Components

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important legume crop for forage, agriculture, and environment in the world. Ascorbic acid (AsA) plays positive roles in plants. However, its effects on germination and salt-tolerance of alfalfa are unknown. The effects of AsA applications on seed germination and seedling salt-tolerance of alfalfa were investigated. The results revealed that 0.1 and 1 mmol L-1 of exogenous AsA increased germination, amylase, and protease, as well as seedling length, fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), and endogenous AsA both in the shoots and roots, except that 1 mmol L-1 AsA reduced the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and protease on day 3. However, 10 and 100 mmol L-1 AsA inhibited these parameters and even caused serious rot. It indicates that 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA has the optimal effects, whereas 100 mmol L-1 AsA has the worst impacts. Another part of the results showed that 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA not only enhanced stem elongation, FW and DW, but also increased chlorophyll and carotenoids both under non-stress and 150 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. Furthermore, 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA mitigated the damages of membrane permeability, malondialdehyde, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ions both in the shoots and roots under 150 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. Hence, 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA improves growth and induces salt-tolerance by inhibiting excessive ROS, down-regulating the ion toxicity and up-regulating the antioxidant system. The principal component analysis included two main components both in the shoots and roots, and it explained the results well. In summary, the optimum concentration of 0.1 mmol L-1 AsA can be implemented to improve the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa under salt stress.

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Effects of salinity and external proline on seed germination and early growth of Cucumis sativus cv. super ps

Nusantara Bioscience ◽

10.13057/nusbiosci/n100403 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 215-220

Author(s):

FARIBA AMINI ◽

MEHRY ASKARY ◽

FAHIMEH MOHTASHAMI ◽

FAHIMEH MOHTASHAMI

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Cucumis Sativus ◽

Root Length ◽

Significant Variation ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Early Growth ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Fresh Weight

Amini F, Askary M, Mohtashami F. 2018. Effects of salinity and external proline on seed germination and early growth of Cucumis sativus cv. super ps. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 215-220. Salinity is one of the important abiotic stresses that has an adverse effect on plant productions. High salt concentrations had negative effects on plant processes such as seed germination, seedling growth and turgescent, vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting stages. Proline as a compatible solution plays an important role in defense mechanisms of cellular stress. This study was done to evaluate effects of proline pretreatment (0 and 20 mM) in terms of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on cucumber cv. super ps. The obtained results proved that salinity treatments had significant effects on seed germination rate. On the contrary, application of proline had no significant effect on germination percentages of control and salt-stressed seeds. The root fresh weight and length of plant reduced with salinity increment while proline treatment had positive significant effects on the root dry as well as the fresh weight. Although, no significant variation was found in the root length and dry weight of cultivars treated with proline under salinity stresses. Meanwhile, the shoot length and dry weight of plants declined after salt-stressed treatments. While this condition increased the fresh weight of shoot. Proline treatments increased all of observed parameters but there were no significant variation found in the root length or dry weight of plants treated under saline stresses. The total soluble carbohydrate of plants had positive significant correlation with salt concentration, but the application of proline declined carbohydrate amounts in both salt-stressed and non-stressed plant. Salinity stress increased sodium, proline, protein contents and CAT enzyme, GPOX as well as MDA concentrations, while in the proline-treated plants salinity stresses had no significant effect on CAT, GPOX, MDA concentrations and internal proline amount.

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The Efficiency of Different Priming Agents for Improving Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Local Tunisian Barley under Salinity Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2264

Author(s):

Rim Ben Youssef ◽

Nahida Jelali ◽

Nadia Boukari ◽

Alfonso Albacete ◽

Cristina Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Membrane Injury ◽

Essential Nutrient

The current work aimed to investigate the effect of seed priming with different agents (CaCl2, KCl, and KNO3) on germination and seedling establishment in seeds of the barley species of both Hordeum vulgare (L. Manel) and Hordeum maritimum germinated with three salt concentrations (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). The results showed that under unprimed conditions, salt stress significantly reduced the final germination rate, the mean daily germination, and the seedling length and dry weight. It led to a decrease in the essential nutrient content (iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) against an increase in sodium level in both of the barley species. Moreover, this environmental constraint provoked a membrane injury caused by a considerable increase in electrolyte leakage and the malondialdehyde content (MDA). Data analysis proved that seed priming with CaCl2, KCl, and KNO3 was an effective method for alleviating barley seed germination caused by salt stress to varying degrees. Different priming treatments clearly stimulated germination parameters and the essential nutrient concentration, in addition to increasing the seedling growth rate. The application of seed priming reduced the accumulation of sodium ions and mitigated the oxidative stress of seeds caused by salt. This mitigation was traduced by the maintenance of low levels of MDA and electrolyte leakage. We conclude that the priming agents can be classed into three ranges based on their efficacy on the different parameters analyzed; CaCl2 was placed in the first range, followed closely by KNO3, while the least effective was KCl, which placed in the third range.

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Beet seed priming with growth regulators

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p1785 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1785 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lucas Dotto ◽

Vanessa Neumann Silva

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Growth Regulators ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Ascorbic Acids ◽

Salicylic Acids

Seed priming is a technique used to induce metabolic germination processes. Use of growth regulators in seed priming may facilitate increments in physiological processes during seed germination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of priming and growth regulators on beet seed germination. The treatments were cultivar type (Early Wonder, Itapuã and Maravilha) and seed priming technique, which included a control (unconditioned seed) standard hydropriming (water) and a conditioning with salicylic, gibberellic and ascorbic acids, respectively. The treatments were defined by initially testing 0, 1, 2 and 4 mM ascorbic, gibberellic and salicylic acids. Before seed priming, imbibition seed curves were established to determine the optimal conditioning time. After conditioning, the germination, rate of germination, seedling length and seedling dry weight were evaluated. First, the appropriate dosage for conditioning was determined by using a completely randomized experimental design, with four replications per cultivar. Then, a 3 x 5 (cultivar x conditioning technique) factorial design was adopted. Whenever the results were significant by variance analysis, regression analysis was performed. Finally, Tukey’s test was used to compare the means at P=0.05. Beet seed priming alters the potential of germination and is influenced by the cultivar and conditioning technique. Pretreatment with 1?2 mM ascorbic, gibberellic or salicylic acids, respectively, promotes beet seed germination, whereas at 1?3 mM, the growth of roots and shoots of beet seedlings is promoted. The most effective techniques to promote germination and growth of sugar beet seedlings were priming with water, salicylic acid or gibberellic acid.

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