Mitigation of Salt Stress in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) by Seed and Foliar 24-epibrassinolide Treatments

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (24-EBL) applications on growth, chlorophyll, and mineral content of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) grown under salt stress. The study was conducted in pot experiments under greenhouse conditions. Lettuce seedlings were treated with seed and foliar 24-EBL applications at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 3 μM). Salinity treatments were established by adding 0, 50, and 100 mm of sodium chloride (NaCl) to a base complete nutrient solution. Results showed that salt stress negatively affected the growth and mineral content of lettuce plants. However, seed and foliar applications of 24-EBL resulted in greater shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight as well as higher stem diameter than the control under salt stress. Salinity treatments induced significant increases in electrolyte leakage of plant, but foliar 24-EBL application reduced leaf electrolyte leakage and has determined lower values of leaf electrolyte leakage than non-treated ones. In regard to nutrient content, it can be inferred that 24-EBL applications increased almost all nutrient content in leaves and roots of lettuce plants under salt stress. Generally, the greatest values were obtained from 3 μM 24-EBL application. Treatments of 24-EBL alleviated the negative effect of salinity on the growth of lettuce.

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Salicylic acid ameliorates the adverse effect of salt stress on strawberry

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162009000200006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 180-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Huseyin Karlidag ◽

Ertan Yildirim ◽

Metin Turan

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Negative Effect

Strawberry is considered as a salinity sensitive species and is adversely affected in response to the salt stress in terms of growth and yield. Pot experiments were conducted to determine the effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application on physiology, growth, chlorophyll and mineral content of strawberry grown under salt stress and greenhouse conditions. Strawberry plants were treated with SA at different concentrations (0.0, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 mM). Salinity treatments were established by adding 0 and 35 mM of NaCl to a base complete nutrient solution. Salt stress negatively affected the growth, chlorophyll content and mineral uptake of strawberry plants. However, plants treated with SA often had greater shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight as well as higher chlorophyll content under salt stress. The greatest values were obtained with 1.00 mM SA treatment in both saline and non-saline conditions. Leaf water relative content (LWRC) was reduced in response to salt stress while electrolyte leakage was raised. SA treatments induced increases in LWRC and decreases in electrolyte leakage compared to the control under salt stress. With respect to the nutrient content, SA treatments increased almost contents of all nutrients in leaves and roots of strawberry plants under salt stress. The greatest values were often obtained by the 1.00 mM SA treatment. These findings suggest that the SA treatments can ameliorate the negative effect of salinity on the growth of strawberries.

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The Efficiency of Different Priming Agents for Improving Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Local Tunisian Barley under Salinity Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2264

Author(s):

Rim Ben Youssef ◽

Nahida Jelali ◽

Nadia Boukari ◽

Alfonso Albacete ◽

Cristina Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Membrane Injury ◽

Essential Nutrient

The current work aimed to investigate the effect of seed priming with different agents (CaCl2, KCl, and KNO3) on germination and seedling establishment in seeds of the barley species of both Hordeum vulgare (L. Manel) and Hordeum maritimum germinated with three salt concentrations (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). The results showed that under unprimed conditions, salt stress significantly reduced the final germination rate, the mean daily germination, and the seedling length and dry weight. It led to a decrease in the essential nutrient content (iron, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) against an increase in sodium level in both of the barley species. Moreover, this environmental constraint provoked a membrane injury caused by a considerable increase in electrolyte leakage and the malondialdehyde content (MDA). Data analysis proved that seed priming with CaCl2, KCl, and KNO3 was an effective method for alleviating barley seed germination caused by salt stress to varying degrees. Different priming treatments clearly stimulated germination parameters and the essential nutrient concentration, in addition to increasing the seedling growth rate. The application of seed priming reduced the accumulation of sodium ions and mitigated the oxidative stress of seeds caused by salt. This mitigation was traduced by the maintenance of low levels of MDA and electrolyte leakage. We conclude that the priming agents can be classed into three ranges based on their efficacy on the different parameters analyzed; CaCl2 was placed in the first range, followed closely by KNO3, while the least effective was KCl, which placed in the third range.

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Effect of salt stress on growth, electrolyte leakage, Na+ and K+ content in selected plant species

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/620/2018-pse ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 90-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Helena Hniličková ◽

František Hnilička ◽

Matyáš Orsák ◽

Václav Hejnák

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

New Zealand ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Common Purslane

This study monitors the effect of salt stress induced by a NaCl solution (0 – deionized water, 50, 100, 200, 300 mmol/L) in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Orion), New Zealand spinach (Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall) Kuntze) and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L. cv. Green Purslane) over the course of 50 days. The diverse reactions of these monitored species to salt stress are well apparent from the results. Lettuce proved as the most sensitive to salt stress, showing a significant reduction of dry weight, where even lower concentrations of salt affected membrane stability through increased electrolyte leakage value and an imbalance in the content of Na+ and K+, observed in the form of lower ratios of K+/Na+. In case of T. tetragonoides, lower salt concentrations positively affected growth and this species appears to particularly accumulate sodium. In case of P. oleracea no significant reduction of dry weight took place with the increasing concentration of NaCl and a naturally high content of potassium contributed to maintaining a favourable ratio of K+/Na+ even at higher salt concentrations, which is one of the prerequisites of salt-stress tolerance.

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Effects of Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Mineral Content in Chrysanthemum Allowing for Growth as a Covariate

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12425-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 73-77

Author(s):

Carl E. Niedziela ◽

Mary A. Depa ◽

Paul V. Nelson ◽

Daniel H. Willits ◽

Mary M. Peet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Statistical Model ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Photon Flux ◽

Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Hydroponically Grown

The effect of CO2 concentration (330 and 675 μL·L−1) and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (mean daily peaks of 550–1400 μmol·m−2·s−1) on total mineral contents in shoots was studied in chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflorum (Ramat) Kitam ‘Fiesta’] during three times of the year. Growth (as measured by shoot dry weight) and shoot mineral contents (weight of nutrient per shoot) of hydroponically grown plants were analyzed after 5 weeks. There was a positive synergistic interaction of CO2 concentration and PPF on growth with the greatest growth at high PPF (1400 μmol·m−2·s−1) with high CO2 (675 μL·L−1). When growth was not used as a covariate in the statistical model, both CO2 concentration and PPF significantly affected the content of all eight nutrients. However, after growth was included as a covariate in the model, nutrients were classified into three categories based on whether CO2 concentration and PPF level were needed in addition to growth to predict shoot nutrient content. Neither CO2 concentration nor PPF level was needed for Mg, Fe, and Mn contents, whereas PPF level was needed for N, P, K, and Ca contents, and both CO2 concentration and PPF level were required for B content.

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Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0263-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽

Hassan Abd-El-Khair

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Research Centre ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Orobanche Crenata ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

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Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2020-0067 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 706-714

Author(s):

Muhammad Ikram ◽

Naveed Iqbal Raja ◽

Bilal Javed ◽

Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani ◽

Mubashir Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Positive Control ◽

Morphological Characterization ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Selenium Nanoparticles ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

AbstractThe present study was aimed to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and assess their foliar applications to improve the growth of wheat plants under controlled irrigation and drought stress. Bud aqueous extract of Allium sativum L. was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of SeNPs followed by their optical and morphological characterization by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Various concentrations of SeNPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied exogenously to drought-tolerant (V1) and drought-susceptible (V2) wheat varieties at the trifoliate stage. Under the positive control conditions, plants were irrigated with 450 mL of water/pot (100% field capacity); and under water-deficit environment, plants were irrigated with 160 mL of water/pot (35% field capacity). Remarkable increase in plant height, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, and leaf length has been observed when 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was used. However, the plant morphological parameters decreased gradually at higher concentrations (40 mg/L) in both selected wheat varieties. Therefore, 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was found most preferable to enhance the growth of selected wheat varieties under normal and water-deficient conditions.

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The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245505 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0245505

Author(s):

Xiaofei Chen ◽

Ruidong Zhang ◽

Yifan Xing ◽

Bing Jiang ◽

Bang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Nacl Stress ◽

Future Research ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

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Effects of partial defoliation on the growth, ion relations and photosynthesis of Lycium chinense Mill. under salt stress

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs150211094g ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 1185-1194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuan Guo ◽

Qiong Yu ◽

Xiaohui Feng ◽

Zhixia Xie ◽

Xiaojing Liu

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Electron Transport Rate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Photochemical Quenching ◽

Leaf Water Content ◽

Lycium Chinense ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Ion Relations

In this study, we investigated the effects of artificial defoliation on the growth and physiological response of Lycium chinense Mill. to salt stress. Our results show that partial defoliation increases the plant relative growth rate, leaf water content and dry weight-based leaf Na+ content, and reduces the fresh weight-based leaf Na+ content under salt stress. In response to defoliation, the leaf Na+/Ca2+ and Na+/Mg2+ ratios were decreased, but the K+ content remained unchanged. The contents of ROS and MDA were decreased in defoliated plants. Net The photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), electron transport rate (ETR), actual photochemical quenching (?PSII) and photochemical quenching (qp) were enhanced by defoliation. Together, these findings indicate that partial defoliation mitigates the salt-induced growth inhibition and physiological damage in L. chinense.

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Effects of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Status of Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500075810 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 775-778 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽

Krishna N. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Unit Area ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Field Studies ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Marketable Fruit

Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of various barnyardgrass populations on growth, yield, and nutrient concentration of transplanted “Jetstar’ tomato. Barnyardgrass densities at 16, 32, and 64 plants/m tomato row were tested in 1982 and 1983. Barnyardgrass shoot fresh weights/unit area increased as density increased. Fresh weight of barnyardgrass shoots ranged from 17 100 kg/ha at 16 plants/m of row to 35 500 kg/ha at 64 plants/m of row. At the vegetative stage, tomato shoot dry weight was unaffected by barnyardgrass. As crop growth progressed, tomato shoot dry weight decreased at all barnyardgrass densities. Season-long interference of barnyardgrass reduced marketable tomato fruit number and fruit weight at all densities compared to weed-free plots. Reductions in marketable fruit weight ranged from 26% to 16 plants/m row to 84% at 64 plants/m row. In 1982, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in tomato shoots were unaffected by season-long interference of barnyardgrass at all densities. However, in 1983, concentrations of N and K decreased and concentration of P increased in tomato leaves as the density of barnyardgrass increased. Concentrations of Ca and Mg in tomato leaves were unaltered by barnyardgrass density.

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LIME AND GYPSUM APPLICATIONS ON SOIL CHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES AND INITIAL GROWTH OF EUCALYPTUS

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v48i4.57455 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 573 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Camila Adaime Gabriel ◽

Paulo Cezar Cassol ◽

Marcia Aparecida Simonete ◽

Letícia Moro ◽

Priscylla Pfleger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Chemical Attributes

Eucalyptus crops in Southern Brazil are generally conducted in acidic soils, thus their yield can be increased by lime and gypsum applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of lime and gypsum applications on soil chemical attributes and initial growth of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii in a Humic Cambisol (Inceptisol). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with seedlings of both species of eucalyptus grown in soil treated with different rates of lime (0, 3, 6, and 12 Mg ha-1), and gypsum (0, 6, 3, 12.6, and 25.2 Mg ha-1). At 90 days after application of the treatments, the soil chemical attributes and growth components of eucalyptus seedlings. The lime increased the production shoot dry weight, however, the response to gypsum was negative. The lime increased the soil pH, exchangeable calcium (Ca), base saturation (V %), and slightly the soil electrical conductivity, decreased the soil aluminium saturation (m %), and promoted little reduction in the exchangeable potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) contents. The gypsum didn't alter the soil pH, but decreased the m%, increased soil phosphorus (P) contents, and expressively increased the electrical conductivity, which may have had a negative effect on the eucalyptus growth. In conclusion, the addition of limestone decreases the soil acidity and benefits the growth of eucalyptus seedlings. However, the addition of gypsum has no expressive effects upon those variables, but it can decrease the growth of seedlings when the rates are excessive.

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