scholarly journals The Contribution of Historical and Morphological Studies on Herbarium Specimens to a Better Definition of Chara pelosiana Avetta (Charales, Charophyceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2488
Author(s):  
Anna Millozza ◽  
Nadia Abdelahad
Keyword(s):  
Northern Italy ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Spine Cell

The lectotype of Chara pelosiana Avetta 1898 was designated in 2000 by Langangen, who merged the species with Chara fibrosa Agardh ex Bruzelius. Chara pelosiana belongs to the section Agardhia Wood, but the true identity of the species has yet to be confirmed. The purpose of this work is to show some historical and morphological findings regarding this enigmatic species, on the basis of the analysis of herbarium specimens. The original material, which was studied by Avetta, is missing in Italian herbaria, but portions of it have been found in the Herbarium of Jena. Historical research on botanists related with this species resulted in the discovery of several specimens to be considered “original material”, and new unpublished localities in Northern Italy. Morphological observations have been made on portions of herbarium specimens as a contribution to unveil the taxonomic identity of this taxon. The specimens are diplostichous with ecorticate branchlets, have stipulodes in a single row, one or two per branchlet, and spine cell up to 1 mm long.

The SWORFISH Project Approach for Modeling Wood Material Modifications in Timber Structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 778 ◽  
pp. 418-423
Author(s):  
Jakub Sandak ◽  
Anna Sandak ◽  
Mariapaola Riggio ◽  
Ilaria Santoni ◽  
Dusan Pauliny
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Definition Of

A special software simulating changes to wood due to various processes (either treatment or degradation) has been developed within the SWORFISH (Superb Wood Surface Finishing) project. The definition of the material modifications due to processes is based on the expert knowledge and/or experimental data. The dedicated algorithm simulates material modifications (with a special focus on surface) taking into account original material characteristics (evaluated by means of NDT techniques) and setting of process parameters. In this way, it is possible to analyze the sequence of processes (i.e. material modifications) and to estimate properties of the resulting product. Two case studies are presented for illustration of the potential uses of the SWORFISH approach in the field of timber structures.

Robot Visions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Social Conditions ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Definition Of

A discussion of fictional and actual robots sets the stage for a working definition of robot and a description of three different types of robots: industrial, humanoid, and android. Following a synopsis of the 1920 Czech play R.U.R. (Rossum’s Universal Robots)—for which the word robot was coined—an overview of the demographic and social conditions occasioning the development of the robotics industry in Japan is provided. (R.U.R. was performed in Tokyo in 1924, sparking a robot boom.) Also previewed are religious and philosophical approaches to human-robot coexistence. Japanese and American robot initiatives are compared. Constituent chapters, detailing the insights of a decade of ethnographic fieldwork and historical research, are summarized.

Article 19 Notification obligation regarding rectification or erasure of personal data or restriction of processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria González Fuster
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
The Public ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Data Subject

Article 4(9) (Definition of ‘recipient’); Article 12 (Transparent information, communication and modalities for the exercise of the rights of the data subject); Article 16 (Right to rectification), Article 17(1) (Right to erasure (‘right to be forgotten’)); Article 18 (Right to restriction of processing); Article 58(2)(g) (Powers of supervisory authorities); Article 89(3) (Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes).

Examining range disjunctions in Australian Terminalia (Combretaceae) with taxonomic revision of the T. canescens and T. cunninghamii species complexes

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
North And South ◽  
A New Species

Several range disjunctions have been identified in the Australian species of the genus Terminalia L. Field studies and examination of herbarium specimens of taxa with range disjunctions have demonstrated that taxonomic changes are justified. Detailed morphological studies of the Terminalia canescens (DC.) Radlk. species complex showed that four taxa should be recognised. The name Terminalia circumalata F.Muell. is resurrected as a taxon endemic to the Pilbara region, with T. canescens not occurring in that region. The distinction of Terminalia bursarina F.Muell., T. canescens and T. pterocarya F.Muell. is also supported. Terminalia cunninghamii C.A.Gardner has been considered to have a disjunct range between the far north and south-west of the Kimberley region of Western Australia. Terminalia kumpaja R.L.Barrett is described as a new species to accommodate the disjunct southern populations because morphological examination has shown them to be distinct. Terminalia kumpaja is restricted to the Dampier Botanical District. Full descriptions and illustrations of key identifying features are provided for these species. Keys to all Australian Terminalia species are presented. Additional species with disjunct distributions that warrant further study are noted. Lectotypes are selected for Terminalia circumalata and T. rogersii W.Fitzg.

On the taxonomic status of the genus Dichodon (Caryophyllaceae: tribe Alsineae): morphological and molecular evidence reassessed

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 360 (3) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAHRA ARABI ◽  
FARROKH GHAHREMANINEJAD ◽  
RICHARD K. RABELER ◽  
IRINA SOKOLOVA ◽  
GÜNTHER HEUBL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
New Synonymy

The status of the genus Dichodon has long been debated, and its taxonomic position in tribe Alsineae has been changed during the time from a section or subgenus in Cerastium to genus sister to Holosteum. This group comprises important members of wet meadows in alpine and subalpine vegetation of Europe, arctic regions, and SW-Asia plus one species known as a weed in N-America, and a further one occuring in mountains of Taiwan. In order to clarify the taxonomic questions concerning this group and its species delimitation, we constructed phylogenetic trees, selecting several species belonging to tribe Alsineae as representatives of major lineages of this tribe as well as several accessions of Dichodon. Morphological studies focused more intensively on members of Dichodon using herbarium specimens and direct field examinations. The results confirm those of recent molecular phylogenetic studies, indicating Dichodon as a monophyletic genus sister to Holosteum and not Cerastium. In addition, the obtained cladograms support five distinct groups in Dichodon corresponding to five species of this genus we recognize in Iran, the focal area of this study. Seed micromorphology provides strong support for the recognition of Dichodon as a separate genus, but it is not informative at species and subspecies ranks due to constancy of most of seed characters within the genus. As part of this study, a new species—Dichodon alborzensis—is described, D. kotschyi is reported in Iran for the first time, and Cerastium schischkinii is placed in synonymy (new synonymy) under D. kotschyi.

Research of Baseball’s Best Batting Position Changes with the Selection of Material of Baseball

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1826-1830
Author(s):  
Li Ping Du ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
Wen Sheng Han
Keyword(s):  
Major League Baseball ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Sweet Spot ◽  
Collision Model ◽  
Exit Speed ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Parameters Calculation

From the aspect of the fastest exit speed of the ball and through the collision model of mechanics, we analyzed the best hitting point which results in the fastest exit speed of the ball and the change of the best hitting point. Based on this model, we gave a very practical definition of the sweet spot, and we also found out the effect of the baseball bat’s material on the sweet spot. The distances from the best hitting point to the end of the baseball bat result from the three different materials, which are the bat’s original material, aluminum and the corked material. Through the sensitivity analysis, three parameters affecting the hitting position resulting in the ball’s fastest exit speed are the weight of the bat, the center of mass and the moment-of-inertia. In the process of the three parameters’ calculation, the infinitesimal method is used. As can be found out that the length of the sweet spot results from the corked and the aluminum are much longer than results from the original material. The longer the length of sweet spot, the possibility that the hitter hits the fast ball is higher. Also ball hit by the aluminum bat is faster than that hit by the bat made out of the original material. The above analysis can explain that why the aluminum bat and corked bat are prohibited by Major League Baseball

Taxonomic notes on hexapogon irises (Iridaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 328 (3) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
EUGENY V. BOLTENKOV
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Desert Regions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The taxonomic notes in this article are based on the result of an analysis of the protologues, relevant literature, and a study of herbarium specimens of Iris sect. Hexapogon. This section comprises species with bearded claw in both outer and inner segments of perianth. These are relatively poorly known psammophytes occurring mostly in the desert and semi-desert regions of some of the former Soviet Central Asian republics, as well as in Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan (Baluchistan). It is now generally accepted that I. sect. Hexapogon comprises two species, I. falcifolia and I. longiscapa. The present study has shown that this section contains only I. longiscapa. The name I. falcifolia is for the first time reduced to a synonym of I. longiscapa. A neotype for the name I. longiscapa and lectotypes for the names I. falcifolia and I. filifolia are designated. Notes are provided on the original material for all the three considered names.

Industrial Policy in Western Europe since the 1960s: Historical Varieties and Perspectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Ralf Ahrens ◽  
Astrid M. Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Western Market ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Promising Avenue

Abstract Historical research on industrial policy has only recently begun to focus on the crisis-shaken decades of the 1970s and 1980s, demonstrating the broadness of the topic as well as the need for further research. In the first section of this introduction, we address the challenges in arriving at a definition of industrial policy that would encompass the wide variety of this type of state intervention into economic structures. In a second step, we provide a short survey of the variations of industrial policy in Western market economies since the 1960s, emphasizing the plurality of goals and methods that make this topic such a promising avenue of historical research. Finally, we suggest some perspectives for future research, including its potential for interdisciplinary connections.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF CHARITIES BY ISLAMIC SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN YOGYAKARTA, 1912-1931: A HISTORY OF ISLAMIC WEALTH MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ghifari Yuristiadhi ◽  
Bambang Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Management Culture ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Local Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Third Shift

This article was written in order to find a model of the development ofIslamic charities organized by bumiputera in the early 20th century inYogyakarta. This socio-economic history research using historical research methods that utilize primary sources such as archives, photographs, books and newspapers as well as the contemporary of secondary sources such as books, journals, and articles. The conclusion of this article is that the presence of transformation of charities in Yogyakarta in the period 1920s-1930s caused by 1) the dynamic moments around the period of the emergence of privately plantation by European, 2) the implementation of the land reorganization in the region of Yogyakarta Sultanate, 3) the emergence of �urban santri� as the new middle class in urban Yogyakarta, and 4) dynamic Islamic social organizations. In addition, the transformationof charities happens consists of three processes. First, change the concept and definition of waqf be more specific. Secondly, changing of the charities model that presented by the Islamic social movements. Third, shift of waqf and charities authority management that also change management culture. One thing that can be seen from this phenomenon is the emergence of local responses on colonialism with a more elegant and become the new social movements as well as showing the existence of civil society.

scholarly journals Choke Disease Caused by Epichloë bromicola in the Grass Agropyron repens in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1372-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lembicz ◽  
K. Górzyńska ◽  
A. Leuchtmann
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Biological Species Concept ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Couch Grass ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Choke Disease ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Agropyron repens (synonym Elymus repens, couch grass) is a species native to Europe and Asia. In Poland, it is a common weed of crop fields. In May 2008, we noticed for the first time symptoms of choke disease (caused by Epichloë spp.) on A. repens at two localities in central Poland. The localities, Pakość (52°47.531′N, 18°06.118′E) and Dulsk (52°45.329′N, 18°20.518′E), are located 16 km apart from each other. The following year, we confirmed the occurrence of choke disease on couch grass at these localities. Stromata were formed on reproductive stems that did not produce inflorescences. They ranged from 16 to 31 mm long and were covered with perithecia 520 to 560 × 160 to 250 μm at a density of 35 to 45 per mm2. Asci measured 270 to 310 × 5.2 to 6.5 μm and ascospores were 225 to 275 × 1.5 to 1.7 μm (specimen deposited in ZT). Morphological characters match with the original description of Epichloë bromicola (4). One strain was isolated from stromatal tissue and the partial DNA sequence of tubB including introns 1 to 3 was obtained as previously described (2). In a phylogenetic analysis, the isolate (GenBank Accession No. GU325782) grouped with Epichloë isolates from other Agropyron spp. from Poland (A. intermedium) and Japan (A. ciliare and A. tsukushiense) and with an isolate from a Roegneria sp. (from China). Experimental mating tests involving isolates from A. intermedium and a Roegneria sp. indicated that these isolates were sexually compatible with Epichloë bromicola from Bromus erectus. Similarly, E. yangsii was compatible with E. bromicola. This suggests that Epichloë isolates from Agropyron, Roegneria, and Bromus hosts form a common mating population, and implies that under a biological species concept the phylogenetic definition of E. bromicola has to be broadened. Epichloë on A. repens has been previously found in Poland (1), Germany (3), Hungary, and Romania (specimen deposited in herbarium of ETH Zurich, ZT) based on incidental records or on herbarium specimens that have been listed under E. typhina. Our study, based on morphology, tubB sequence similarity, and mating compatibility, suggests that the fungus infecting A. repens in Poland is E. bromicola. References: (1) I. Adamska. Acta Mycol. 36:31, 2001. (2) D. Brem and A. Leuchtmann. Evolution 57:37, 2003. (3) J. Kohlmeyer and E. Kohlmeyer. Mycologia 66:77, 1974. (4) A. Leuchtmann and C. L. Schardl. Mycol. Res. 102:1169, 1998.

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