scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of Metabolic and Cellular Processes in Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) in the Face of Temperature Increasing

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Luis Abraham Chaparro-Encinas ◽  
Gustavo Santoyo ◽  
Juan José Peña-Cabriales ◽  
Luciano Castro-Espinoza ◽  
Fannie Isela Parra-Cota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
The Face ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Almost All

The Yaqui Valley, Mexico, has been historically considered as an experimental field for semiarid regions worldwide since temperature is an important constraint affecting durum wheat cultivation. Here, we studied the transcriptional and morphometrical response of durum wheat at an increased temperature (+2 °C) for deciphering molecular mechanisms involved in the thermal adaptation by this crop. The morphometrical assay showed a significant decrease in almost all the evaluated traits (shoot/root length, biovolume index, and dry/shoot weight) except in the dry root weight and the root:shoot ratio. At the transcriptional level, 283 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained (False Discovery Rate (FDR) ≤ 0.05 and |log2 fold change| ≥ 1.3). From these, functional annotation with MapMan4 and a gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis with GOSeq were carried out to obtain 27 GO terms significantly enriched (overrepresented FDR ≤ 0.05). Overrepresented and functionally annotated genes belonged to ontologies associated with photosynthetic acclimation, respiration, changes in carbon balance, lipid biosynthesis, the regulation of reactive oxygen species, and the acceleration of physiological progression. These findings are the first insight into the regulation of the mechanism influenced by a temperature increase in durum wheat.

Temperature influencesKyllinga brevifoliaandK. squamulatagrowth

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-666
Author(s):  
David B. Lowe ◽  
Lambert B. McCarty ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
William C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Almost All

Kyllingaspecies are becoming more common throughout the southeastern United States. Two species,Kyllinga brevifoliaandKyllinga squamulata, in particular are prevalent weeds in turfgrass. To better understand these weeds, growth chamber studies determined the growth ofK. brevifolia, K. squamulata, andCynodon dactylon×Cynodon transvaalensisas influenced by three temperature regimes (33/24, 25/17, 19/11 C day/night, respectively). Temperature influenced almost all aspects ofKyllingaspecies growth. Plant height of bothKyllingaspecies increased nearly twofold after 8 wk at high temperatures. Plants were mowed each week to 2.5 cm; both species produced more than twice as many clippings by 8 wk at high (33/24 C) temperatures than at low (19/11 C) temperatures. Destructive analysis at 8 wk revealed thatK. brevifoliashoot and root weight increased with decreasing temperature, whereasK. squamulatashoot and root weights were not affected by temperature. Shoot weight percentage for bothKyllingaspecies increased from 59% in medium temperatures to 69% in high temperatures.K. brevifoliashoot weight percentage decreased to 53% in low temperatures, whereasK. squamulatashoot weight percentage increased to 72%.K. brevifoliainflorescences formed at 2, 3, and 5 wk in high, medium, and low temperatures, respectively, whereasK. squamulataflowered immediately in all temperatures.C. dactylon×C. transvaalensisandKyllingaspecies growth were similar within each temperature regime throughout the 8-wk study.

scholarly journals The transcriptional events and their relationship to physiological changes during poplar seed germination and post-germination

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunpu Qu ◽  
Hancheng Zhao ◽  
Jinyuan Chen ◽  
Zhuang Zuo ◽  
Xue Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Acid Protein

Abstract Background Seed germination, the foundation of plant propagation, involves a series of changes at the molecular level. Poplar is a model woody plant, but the molecular events occurring during seed germination in this species are unclear. Results In this study, we investigated changes in gene transcriptional levels during different germination periods in poplar by high-throughput sequencing technology. Analysis of genes expressed at specific germination stages indicated that these genes are distributed in many metabolic pathways. Enrichment analysis of significantly differentially expressed genes based on hypergeometric testing revealed that multiple pathways, such as pathways related to glycolysis, lipid, amino acid, protein and ATP synthesis metabolism, changed significantly at the transcriptional level during seed germination. A comparison of ΣZ values uncovered a series of transcriptional changes in biological processes related to primary metabolism during poplar seed germination. Among these changes, genes related to CHO metabolism were the first to be activated, with subsequent expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and then those associated with protein metabolism. The pattern of metabolomic and physiological index changes further verified the sequence of some biological events. Conclusions Our study revealed molecular events occurring at the transcriptional level during seed germination and determined their order. These events were further verified by patterns of changes of metabolites and physiological indexes. Our findings lay a foundation for the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms responsible for poplar seed germination.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis based on transcriptomics and metabolomics data reveal differences between emmer and durum wheat in response to nitrogen starvation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Beleggia ◽  
Nooshin Omranian ◽  
Yan Holtz ◽  
Tania Gioia ◽  
Fabio Fiorani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Metabolomics Data ◽  
Glutamate Signaling ◽  
Differential Expression Pattern ◽  
N Starvation

SummaryMounting evidence indicates the key role of Nitrogen (N) on diverse processes in plant, including not only yield but also development and defense. Using a combined transcriptomics and metabolomics approach, we studied the response of seedlings to N starvation of two different tetraploid wheat genotypes from the two main domesticated subspecies, emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum). We found that durum wheat exhibits broader and stronger response in comparison to emmer as evidenced by the analysis of the differential expression pattern of both genes and metabolites and gene enrichment analysis. Emmer and durum wheat showed major differences in the responses to N starvation for transcription factor families. While emmer showed differential reduction in the levels of primary metabolites to N starvation, durum wheat exhibited increased levels of most metabolites, including GABA as an indicator of metabolic imbalance. The correlation-based networks including the differentially expressed genes and metabolites revealed tighter regulation of metabolism in durum wheat in comparison to emmer, as evidenced by the larger number of significant correlations. We also found that glutamate and GABA had highest values of centrality in the metabolic correlation network, suggesting their critical role in the genotype-specific response to N starvation of emmer and durum wheat, respectively. Moreover, this finding indicates that there might be contrasting strategies associated to GABA and Glutamate signaling modulating shoot vs root growth in the two different wheat subspecies.

scholarly journals GROWTH OF Schizolobium amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) SEEDLINGS INOCULATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Alyce Vanessa Nunes De Andrade ◽  
Jhonata Santos Santana ◽  
Jeferson Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Thayllon Ferro Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Yasmim Maria Wolfart Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Tropical Soils ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Gigaspora Margarita ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Almost All

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) occur in large numbers of plant species, especially in tree plants, and are present in almost all tropical soils. Their inoculation enables faster seedling growth and a higher survival rate in the nursery, thereby anticipating the transplant to the field. Despite these advantages, there is little information available on the efficiency obtained from the combination of different mycorrhizal species. In view of this, this work had the objective to evaluate the development of Paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) seedlings from the association with different combinations of AMF species: Rhizoglomus clarus, Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Gigaspora margarita, isolated and combined under greenhouse conditions. The design was completely randomized, with seven treatments and fifteen replications, totaling one hundred and five experimental units. Three evaluations were carried out during the experiment at 30, 60, 90 days after sowing. The evaluated variables were plant height (H), stem diameter (SD), number of leaves (NL), fresh shoot weight (FSW), dry shoot weight (DSW) fresh root weight (FRW), dry root weight (DRW), height/diameter ratio (H/D) and Dickson Quality Index (DQI). It was found that there was a significant response of the treatments studied at a 5% probability level for most of the evaluated parameters. The results obtained in the present work allowed to conclude that the use of a mixed inoculation of Rhizoglomus clarus + Gigaspora margarita promoted better development and growth in Paricá plants under greenhouse conditions.

Systems Biology Approaches Reveal a Multi-stress Responsive WRKY Transcription Factor and Stress Associated Gene Co-expression Networks in Chickpea

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 591-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aravind K. Konda ◽  
Parasappa R. Sabale ◽  
Khela R. Soren ◽  
Shanmugavadivel P. Subramaniam ◽  
Pallavi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Functional Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
Significant Probability

Background: Chickpea is a nutritional rich premier pulse crop but its production encounters setbacks due to various stresses and understanding of molecular mechanisms can be ascribed foremost importance. Objective: The investigation was carried out to identify the differentially expressed WRKY TFs in chickpea in response to herbicide stress and decipher their interacting partners. Methods: For this purpose, transcriptome wide identification of WRKY TFs in chickpea was done. Behavior of the differentially expressed TFs was compared between other stress conditions. Orthology based cofunctional gene networks were derived from Arabidopsis. Gene ontology and functional enrichment analysis was performed using Blast2GO and STRING software. Gene Coexpression Network (GCN) was constructed in chickpea using publicly available transcriptome data. Expression pattern of the identified gene network was studied in chickpea-Fusarium interactions. Results: A unique WRKY TF (Ca_08086) was found to be significantly (q value = 0.02) upregulated not only under herbicide stress but also in other stresses. Co-functional network of 14 genes, namely Ca_08086, Ca_19657, Ca_01317, Ca_20172, Ca_12226, Ca_15326, Ca_04218, Ca_07256, Ca_14620, Ca_12474, Ca_11595, Ca_15291, Ca_11762 and Ca_03543 were identified. GCN revealed 95 hub genes based on the significant probability scores. Functional annotation indicated role in callose deposition and response to chitin. Interestingly, contrasting expression pattern of the 14 network genes was observed in wilt resistant and susceptible chickpea genotypes, infected with Fusarium. Conclusion: This is the first report of identification of a multi-stress responsive WRKY TF and its associated GCN in chickpea.

The assessment of boron toxicity tolerance in F6 RILs of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum (L.) Tell. convar. durum (Desf.) Mackey]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belgin Göçmen Taşkın ◽  
Özlem Özbek ◽  
Sibel Keskin Şan ◽  
Miloudi Mikael Nachit ◽  
Zeki Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Boron Toxicity

scholarly journals Differential Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Heat Stress in Two Blueberry Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2481
Author(s):  
Jodi Callwood ◽  
Kalpalatha Melmaiee ◽  
Krishnanand P. Kulkarni ◽  
Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽  
Diarra Aicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Go Terms

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are highly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, especially increasing temperatures. To gain insight into mechanisms underpinning the response to heat stress, two blueberry species were subjected to heat stress for 6 and 9 h at 45 °C, and leaf samples were used to study the morpho-physiological and transcriptomic changes. As compared with Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium darrowii exhibited thermal stress adaptation features such as small leaf size, parallel leaf orientation, waxy leaf coating, increased stomatal surface area, and stomatal closure. RNAseq analysis yielded ~135 million reads and identified 8305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during heat stress against the control samples. In V. corymbosum, 2861 and 4565 genes were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h of heat stress, whereas in V. darrowii, 2516 and 3072 DEGs were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h, respectively. Among the pathways, the protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was the highly enriched pathway in both the species: however, certain metabolic, fatty acid, photosynthesis-related, peroxisomal, and circadian rhythm pathways were enriched differently among the species. KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important biosynthesis and metabolic pathways crucial in response to heat stress. The GO terms enriched in both the species under heat stress were similar, but more DEGs were enriched for GO terms in V. darrowii than the V. corymbosum. Together, these results elucidate the differential response of morpho-physiological and molecular mechanisms used by both the blueberry species under heat stress, and help in understanding the complex mechanisms involved in heat stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Behavior Patterns, Energy Consumption and Comfort during COVID-19 Lockdown Related to Home Features, Socioeconomic Factors and Energy Poverty in Madrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5949
Author(s):  
Teresa Cuerdo-Vilches ◽  
Miguel Ángel Navas-Martín ◽  
Ignacio Oteiza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Face ◽  
Future Harm

During spring 2020, the world was shocked at the imminent global spread of SARS-CoV-2, resorting to measures such as domestic confinement. This meant the reconfiguration of life in an unusual space; the home. However, not all households experienced it in the same way; many of them were vulnerable. A general increase in energy consumption and discomfort in many cases, led these families to suffer the ravages of confinement. This study analyzes the energy and comfort situation for the Madrid (Spain) population, according to the configuration of the homes, the characteristics of the dwellings, the vulnerability index by district, and energy poverty (measured with the 10% threshold of energy expenditure of home incomes). The results show a greater exposure, in confinement, of vulnerable and energy-poor households to scenarios of discomfort in the home, to which they could not respond, while energy consumption inevitably increased. Driven by need, energy-poor homes applied certain saving strategies, mainly resorting to thermal adaptation with clothing. This study shows the risk these households experienced in the face of an extreme situation, and invites reflection on preventive and containment measures that aim to avoid harming the disadvantaged in the future; harm that would also entail serious consequences on the health of their cohabitants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document