scholarly journals Enhanced Production of Bryonolic Acid in Trichosanthes cucumerina L. (Thai Cultivar) Cell Cultures by Elicitors and Their Biological Activities

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornpatsorn Lertphadungkit ◽  
Jiraphong Suksiriworapong ◽  
Veena Satitpatipan ◽  
Supaart Sirikantaramas ◽  
Amaraporn Wongrakpanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Dmso Treatment ◽  
Mcf 7

Bryonolic acid is a triterpenoid compound found in cucurbitaceous roots. Due to its biological activities, this compound gets more attention to improve production. Herein, we carried out efficient ways with high bryonolic acid productions from Trichosanthes cucumerina L., a Thai medicinal plant utilizing plant cell cultures. The results showed that calli (24.65 ± 1.97 mg/g dry weight) and cell suspensions (15.69 ± 0.78 mg/g dry weight) exhibited the highest bryonolic acid productions compared with natural roots (approximately 2 mg/g dry weight). In the presence of three elicitors (methyl jasmonate, yeast extract, and chitosan), cell suspensions treated with 1 mg/mL of chitosan for eight days led to higher bryonolic acid contents (23.56 ± 1.68 mg/g dry weight). Interestingly, cell culture and root extracts with high bryonolic acid contents resulted in significantly higher percent cell viabilities than those observed under control (1% v/v DMSO) treatment in Saos-2 and MCF-7 cells. The present study indicated that T. cucumerina L. cell cultures are alternative and efficient to produce the biologically important secondary metabolite.

scholarly journals Chitosan Elicitation for Enhancing of Vincristine and Vinblastine Accumulation in Cell Culture of Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Pawnpirun Pliankong ◽  
Padungsak Suksa-Ard ◽  
Surawit Wannakrairoj
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Herbal Plant

Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don is an important herbal plant. There are two important alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, use in anti-cancer drugs. In this study production of the two alkaloids was enhanced in C. roseus cell cultures, in a Murashige and Skoog (MS) liquid medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/L kinetin and 30 g/L sucrose, by adding 0, 50, 100, 250 or 500 mg/L medium molecular weight chitosan or chitosan derived from shrimp shell. After 14 days of culture, the cell suspension at stationary phase in the 100 mg/L medium molecular weight chitosan could produce the highest amounts of vinblastine and vincristine at 4.15 and 5.48 µg/mg cell dry weight, respectively. At the same time, the controls (0 mg/L chitosan) produced the two alkaloids at only 2.43 and 2.49 µg/mg cell dry weight, respectively. For chitosan from shrimp shell, it was found that 100 mg/L chitosan could lead to the highest quantity of 4.09 µg vinblastine/mg cell dry weight. The highest amount of 5.47 µg vincristine/mg cell dry weight was obtained when 250 mg/L chitosan was added.

scholarly journals Enabling high throughput target-based drug discovery in 3D cell cultures through novel bioprinting workflow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Engel ◽  
Lisa Belfiore ◽  
Behnaz Aghaei ◽  
Margareta Sutija
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
3D Cell Cultures ◽  
High Throughput Screening Assay ◽  
Mcf 7

Advanced three-dimensional cell culture techniques have been adopted in many laboratories to better model in vivo tissue by recapitulating multi-cellular architecture and the presence of extracellular matrix features. We describe here a 3D cell culture platform in a small molecule screening workflow that uses traditional biomarker and intracellular kinase end point assay readouts. By combining the high throughput bioprinter Rastrum with the high throughput screening assay AlphaLISA, we demonstrate the utility of the workflow in 3D synthetic hydrogel cultures with breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and fibroblast cells. To establish and validate the workflow, we treated the breast cancer cultures with doxorubicin, while fibroblast cultures were stimulated with the pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide. 3D and 2D MDA-MB-231 cultures were equally susceptible to doxorubicin treatment, while showing opposite ERK phosphorylation changes. Doxorubicin readily entered embedded MCF-7 spheroids and markedly reduced intracellular GSK3β phosphorylation. Furthermore, quantifying extracellular interleukin 6 levels showed a very similar activation profile for fibroblasts in 2D and 3D cultures, with 3D fibroblast networks being more resistant against the immune challenge. Through these validation experiments we demonstrate the full compatibility of the bioprinted 3D cell cultures with several widely-used 2D culture assays. The efficiency of the workflow, minimal culture handling, and applicability of traditional screening assays, demonstrates that advanced encapsulated 3D cell cultures can be used in 2D cell culture screening workflows, while providing a more holistic view on cell biology to increase the predictability to in vivo drug response.

Dwindling status of Epimedium Elatum (Morren & Decne) and its geographical distribution in Kashmir Himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Kashmir Himalayas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Epimedium elatum (Morren & Decne) of family Berberidaceace is a rare perennial medicinal plant, endemic to high altitude forests of Northwestern Himalayas in India. Ethnobotanically, it has been used as an ingredient for treatment of bone-joint disorders, impotence and kidney disorders in Kashmir Himalayas. Phytochemically, it is rich in Epimedin ABC and Icariin; all of these have been demonstrated to possess remarkable biological activities like PDE-5 inhibition (treatment of erectile dysfunction), anticancer, antiosteoporosis antioxidant and antiviral properties. The present investigation reports its traditional usage, comprehensive distribution and conservation status from twenty ecogeographical regions in Kashmir Himalayas, India. The species was reported from Gurez valley for the first time. Numerous threats like excessive grazing, deforestration, habitat fragmentation, tourism encroachment, landslides and excessive exploitation have decreased its natural populations in most of the surveyed habitats. Consequently, its existence may become threatened in near future if timely conservation steps are not taken immediately by concerned stakeholders involved in medicinal plant research. Moreover, use of plant tissue culture techniques is recommended for development of its in vitro propagation protocols. Therefore, introduction of this medicinal plant in botanical gardens, protected sites and development of monitoring programmes are needed for its immediate conservation in Northwestern Himalayas, India.

Herbicidal potential of Aerva javanica to control wild oat in wheat crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Al-Ghamdi A.M. ◽  
El-Zohri M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Radical Length

We investigated the phytotoxicity of desert cotton (Aerva javanica) extracts on wild oat and wheat. Aqueous extracts from A. javanica roots, leaves and inflorescences collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha regions, Saudi Arabia were used. Generally, the allelopathic potential of water extracts of A. javanica collected from Jeddah were more in inhibitory to wild oat germination and seedlings growth than those from Al-Baha. In both regions, root extracts were inhibitory to wild oat followed by leaves and inflorescences extracts. All test aqueous extracts of both regions did not inhibit the wheat germination or seedlings growth.Whreas, the wild oat germination was reduced by root extracts 58.62 %, 28.62 % leaves extracts : 32.72 %, 17.72 % and inflorescences extract 28.11 %, 12.13 % by in plants samples collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha, respectively. Wild oat radical length was inhibited by root extracts 53.27 %, 32.84 % leaves 42.35 %, 9.63 % and inflorescences extracts 22.64 %, 16.75 % in case of Jeddah and Al-Baha plants, respectively. In pot culture experiment, all treatments markedly reduced the plant dry weight and soluble carbohydrates, proteins and free amino acids contents in wild oat. The differences in the allelopathic potentials of studied A. javanica extracts were related to the qualitative variations in their phytochemicals constituents. Our results showed that A. javanica extracts could be safely used to control wild oat growth in wheat fields after more detsaled research..

Obtaining and Characterization of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse Callus Cell Cultures, Isoflavonoid Producers

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
D.V. Коchkin ◽  
G.I. Sobolkovа ◽  
А.А. Fоmеnkov ◽  
R.А. Sidorov ◽  
А.М. Nоsоv
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Detection ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Callus Cell

The physiological characteristics of the callus cell cultures of Alhagi persarum Boiss et Buhse, a member of the legume family, widely used in folk medicine, have been studied. It was shown that the source of the explant was an important factor in the initiation of callusogenesis: more intense callusogenesis (almost 100%) was observed for explants from various organs of sterile seedlings, rather than intact plants (less than 30%). As a result, more than 20 lines of morphologically different callus cell cultures were obtained, and the growth parameters for the 5 most intensively growing lines were determined. The composition of fatty acids (FA) of total lipids and secondary metabolites in the most physiologically stable callus line Aр-207 was analyzed. Using capillary gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GLC-MS), 19 individual C12--C24 FAs were identified, the main fraction of which were palmitic (~ 23%), stearic (~ 22%), linoleic (~ 14%) and α-linolenic (~ 33%) acids. The established atypical ratio of FAs (a simultaneous high content of both saturated FAs and polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid) is possibly due to the adaptation of cells to in vitro growth conditions. Phytochemical analysis of the secondary metabolites was carried out using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (UPLC MS). Compounds belonging to different structural groups of isoflavones were found. Aglycones (calycosin, formononetin and afrormosin isomer), glucosides (formononetin glucoside), as well as esters of glucosides (malonylglycosides of calicosin, formononetin, afrormosin isomers, glycitein and genistein) were detected. These secondary metabolites are widespread in plants of the Fabaceae family; however, isoflavones are rare in representatives of the Alhagi genus. The presence of malonylated isoflavone glycosides in Alhagi spp. was shown for the first time. endemic plant species, Alhagi, in vitro cell culture, callus cell culture, isoflavones, fatty acids All studies were carried out using the equipment of the "Experimental Biotechnological Facility" and the "All-Russian Collection of Cell Cultures of Higher Plants" of IРР RAS. This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), contract no.18-54-06021 (Az_a), and the Government of the Russian Federation, Megagrant Project no. 075-15-2019-1882.

Tamarix articulata (T. articulata) - An Important Halophytic Medicinal Plant with Potential Pharmacological Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Alnuqaydan ◽  
Bilal Rah
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Properties

Background:Tamarix Articulata (T. articulata), commonly known as Tamarisk or Athal in Arabic region, belongs to the Tamaricaece species. It is an important halophytic medicinal plant and a good source of polyphenolic phytochemical(s). In traditional medicines, T. articulata extract is commonly used, either singly or in combination with other plant extracts against different ailments since ancient times.Methods:Electronic database survey via Pubmed, Google Scholar, Researchgate, Scopus and Science Direct were used to review the scientific inputs until October 2018, by searching appropriate keywords. Literature related to pharmacological activities of T. articulata, Tamarix species, phytochemical analysis of T. articulata, biological activities of T. articulata extracts. All of these terms were used to search the scientific literature associated with T. articulata; the dosage of extract, route of administration, extract type, and in-vitro and in-vivo model.Results:Numerous reports revealed that T. articulata contains a wide spectrum of phytochemical(s), which enables it to have a wide window of biological properties. Owing to the presence of high content of phytochemical compounds like polyphenolics and flavonoids, T. articulata is a potential source of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties. In view of these pharmacological properties, T. articulata could be a potential drug candidate to treat various clinical conditions including cancer in the near future.Conclusion:In this review, the spectrum of phytochemical(s) has been summarized for their pharmacological properties and the mechanisms of action, and the possible potential therapeutic applications of this plant against various diseases discussed.

Antitumoral and Anticholinesterasic Activities of the Seven Species from Rubiaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla R.F. Volobuff ◽  
Pedro C.O. Junior ◽  
Sidney M. dos Santos ◽  
Zefa V. Pereira ◽  
Diego C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Antiproliferative Activities ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: The genus Psychotria and Palicourea are reported as a source of alkaloids and iridoids, which exhibit biological activities. This study aimed to evaluate antiproliferative and anticholinesterase activities and quantification of the alkaloids of seven species among the genus found in Mato Grosso do Sul region in Brazil. Methods: Concentrations of alkaloids were measured spectrophotometrically. The extracts were submitted to antiproliferative activity against ten cell lines. The anticholinesterase activity of the extracts was developed using brain structures of male Wistar rats: cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum by the Ellman method. Results: Alkaloids from Psychotria and Palicourea species were quantified which showed values of 47.6 to 21.9 µg/g. Regarding the antiproliferative potential, Palicourea crocea demonstrated selectivity against the 786-0 cell line (GI50: 22.87 µg/mL). Psychotria leiocarpa inhibited cell growth against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 3.28 µg/mL), K-562 (GI50: 5.26 µg/mL), HaCaT (GI50: 27.20 µg/mL), PC-3 (GI50: 34.92 µg/mL), MCF-7 (GI50: 35.80 µg/mL) and P. capillacea showed activity against OVCAR-3 (GI50: 2.33 µg/ml) and U251 (GI50: 16.66 µg/ml). The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibition was more effective in the hippocampus, demonstrating inhibition for Paliourea crocea, Psychotria deflexa, P. brachybotrya and P. leiocarpa of 70%, 57%, 50% and 40%, respectively, followed by P. poeppigiana and P. capillacea, inhibiting 21%, compared to the control. Conclusion: Herein, the present work showed for the first time, anticholinesterasic and antiproliferative activities of extracts of Palicourea and Psychotria seem to be mainly associated with the levels of alkaloids in the leaves of these species.

scholarly journals Isolation of Porcine Circovirus-like Viruses from Pigs with a Wasting Disease in the USA and Europe

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Allan ◽  
F. McNeilly ◽  
S. Kennedy ◽  
B. Daft ◽  
J. A. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Chicken Anemia Virus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Viral Particles

Samples of lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen, and lymph node from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome from California (USA) and samples of mesenteric lymph nodes from similarly diseased pigs from Brittany (France) were examined by light microscopy, in situ hybridization (ISH), and/or virus isolation. Whole genomic probes for porcine circovirus (PCV) and chicken anemia virus (CAV) were used for ISH. Tissue homogenate supernatants were inoculated onto PK/15 cells for virus isolation, and the presence of viral antigen and viral particles was verified by indirect immunofluorescence, ISH, and electron microscopy. Histologic examination of lung from pigs from California revealed interstitial pneumonia, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia, and basophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions in mononuclear cell infiltrates and various pulmonary epithelial cells. Granulomatous lymphadenitis with syncytial cells typified the lesions seen in the pigs from France. PCV-like nucleic acid was detected by ISH in lung, pancreas, lymph node, kidney, and liver in pigs from California. Positive signal was also obtained in lymph node sections from pigs from France. Probes for CAV were consistently negative. PK/15 cell cultures inoculated with lung preparations from diseased California pigs and mesenteric lymph node preparations from pigs from France had positive fluorescence by indirect staining for PCV using pooled polyclonal pig sera and hyperimmune rabbit serum and had variable staining with a panel of 7 monoclonal antibodies specific for cell culture contaminant PCV. PCV-like nucleic acid was also detected by ISH in cell cultures. Cytopathic effect was not observed Electron microscopic examination of inoculated cell cultures revealed 17-nm viral particles morphologically consistent with PCV No other virus particles were observed. Although genomic analysis for the definitive identification of these viral isolates remains to be done, the evidence provided strongly suggests that these tissue isolates are closely related to, although antigenically distinct from, the original PCV cell culture contaminant.

scholarly journals Binary Biocompatible CNC–Gelatine Hydrogel as 3D Scaffolds Suitable for Cell Culture Adhesion and Growth

Applied Nano ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Luca Zoia ◽  
Anna Binda ◽  
Laura Cipolla ◽  
Ilaria Rivolta ◽  
Barbara La Ferla
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Chemical Crosslinking ◽  
3D Scaffolds ◽  
Physical Chemical

Binary nano-biocomposite 3D scaffolds of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)—gelatine were fabricated without using chemical crosslinking additives. Controlled oxidative treatment allowed introducing carboxyl or carbonyl functionalities on the surface of CNCs responsible for the crosslinking of gelatine polymers. The obtained composites were characterized for their physical-chemical properties. Their biocompatibility towards different cell cultures was evaluated through MTT and LDH assays, cellular adhesion and proliferation experiments. Gelatine composites reinforced with carbonyl-modified CNCs showed the most performing swelling/degradation profile and the most promising adhesion and proliferation properties towards cell lines, suggesting their potential application in the field of tissue engineering.

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