scholarly journals Unravelling Chemical Composition of Agave Spines: News from Agave fourcroydes Lem.

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Dalia C. Morán-Velázquez ◽  
Juan L. Monribot-Villanueva ◽  
Matthieu Bourdon ◽  
John Z. Tang ◽  
Itzel López-Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fiber Extraction ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Agave Fourcroydes ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate

Spines are key plant modifications developed to deal against herbivores; however, its physical structure and chemical composition have been little explored in plant species. Here, we took advantage of high-throughput chromatography to characterize chemical composition of Agave fourcroydes Lem. spines, a species traditionally used for fiber extraction. Analyses of structural carbohydrate showed that spines have lower cellulose content than leaf fibers (52 and 72%, respectively) but contain more than 2-fold the hemicellulose and 1.5-fold pectin. Xylose and galacturonic acid were enriched in spines compared to fibers. The total lignin content in spines was 1.5-fold higher than those found in fibers, with elevated levels of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) subunits but similar S/G ratios within tissues. Metabolomic profiling based on accurate mass spectrometry revealed the presence of phenolic compounds including quercetin, kaempferol, (+)-catechin, and (−)-epicatechin in A. fourcroydes spines, which were also detected in situ in spines tissues and could be implicated in the color of these plants’ structures. Abundance of (+)-catechins could also explain proanthocyanidins found in spines. Agave spines may become a plant model to obtain more insights about cellulose and lignin interactions and condensed tannin deposition, which is valuable knowledge for the bioenergy industry and development of naturally dyed fibers, respectively.

scholarly journals Comparison of colors, microstructure, chemical composition and thermal properties of bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells with heat treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyu Wu ◽  
Tuhua Zhong ◽  
Wenfu Zhang ◽  
Jiangjing Shi ◽  
Benhua Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

AbstractThe effects of heat treatment at various temperatures on mechanically separated bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells were examined in terms of color, microstructure, chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal properties. The heat-treated parenchyma cells and fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), chemical composition analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results revealed that the colors of bamboo fibers and parenchyma cells were darkened as treatment temperature increased. The microstructure of the treated fibers and parenchyma cells slightly changed, yet the shape of starch granules in parenchyma cells markedly altered at a temperature of above 160 °C. The chemical compositions varied depending on the heat treatment temperature. When treated at 220 °C, the cellulose content was almost unchanged in fibers but increased by 15% in parenchyma cells; the hemicellulose content decreased and the lignin content increased regardless of fibers and parenchyma cells. The cellulose crystal structure was nearly unaffected by heat treatment, but the cellulose crystallinity of fibers changed more pronouncedly than that of parenchyma cells. The thermal stability of parenchyma cells after heat treatment was affected more substantially compared to fibers.

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and the age of trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
DONATA KRUTUL ◽  
ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK ◽  
TERESA KŁOSIŃSKA ◽  
ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI ◽  
MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Growth Environment

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees. The contents of the following substances: mineral substances, extractives, cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, in wood from fastgrowing poplar species (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa Torr and A.Gray) aged 2.5, 3, 5 and 7 years were compared to the contents of the abovementioned substances in Populus nigra L. and Populus alba L. wood, aged about 30. According to other publications, the cellulose and lignin contents increase in line with the tree's age. On the other hand, the comparison of cellulose content in studied poplar wood showed that its content did not depend from the species of tree, age and growth environment. Whereas, the content of extractives in poplar wood was dependent from the species of tree and growth environment. The lignin content in Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa wood did not depend from its age and was similar to the lignin content in 30-year-old P. nigra wood. 30-year-old wood of P. nigra and P. alba contained less holocellulose compared to its contents in P. deltoides x maximowiczii and P. trichocarpa wood, regardless of its age.

The chemical composition of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson ◽  
E. R. Armitage
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Whole Plants

Samples of bracken were taken at fortnightly intervals from June to November at two centres. These were separated into leaf and stem and analysed.Larger samples were treated for the preparation of proteins and sugars by passing the bracken through a roller-mill, precipitating the protein with acid and concentrating the juice for sugars.Chemical composition. The main points in the analyses of the whole plants were as follows, all figures quoted being on a dry-matter basis:(1) The crude and true protein contents of young bracken in early June were high, 21 and 18%, but these fell rapidly to 10% in mid-July and finally to 3% in October.(2) The lignin content was high throughout, rising from almost 20% in young bracken to 34% in the nearly dead material.(3) The cellulose content followed the lignin content.(4) In July and August the bracken contained about 10% of total sugars. A rapid fall occurred in October, and the final samples contained very little sugars.

Research of the Relationship between Hemp Fiber Density and its Chemical Composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Ying Chao Ji ◽  
Jin Xing Ju ◽  
Yu Jia Liang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Pectin Content ◽  
Density Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Range Of Variation

Currently available data on density of hemp are all specific values, and their differences are obvious, which could bring trouble to the related products’ development and actual production. Therefore, provide accurate density values conducive to better achieve the development and use of hemp fiber related products. This paper mainly analysis the relevancy between hemp bast fibers’ chemical compositions and its density after degumming, and draw a conclusion that the density of hemp fiber is not a fixed value but a range of variation. The density will be changed when chemical composition contents in different hemp fiber are different. Which chemical composition that affected the density most is cellulose content, followed by pectin content, and than, the lignin content and hemi cellulose content.

The Grey Relation Analysis of Hemp Fiber Fineness and Chemical Composition after Plasma Assisted Degumming

2014 ◽  
Vol 887-888 ◽  
pp. 1341-1344
Author(s):  
Di Yin ◽  
Ying Chao Ji ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Grey Relation Analysis ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Fiber Fineness ◽  
Relation Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grey Relation

The plasma was used to assist hemp fiber degumming. After degumming, the relationship of the hemp fiber fineness and chemical composition was analyzed through the Grey Relation Analysis. The results indicates that pectin content is bigger than hemicellulose and lignin content on the influence of hemp fiber fineness, and the influence of cellulose content is small. This conclusion is consistent with the actual production and the experience of technical personnel.The pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin are therefore the main content to be removed in the plasma assisted degumming.

scholarly journals Enhanced cellulose efficiency of pressurized hot water pretreated highland Ethiopian bamboo (Yushania alpina): A potential feedstock for ethanol production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CI Chemistry International
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Hot Water Pretreatment ◽  
Lignocellulose Biomass

For the production of ethanol from pretreated lignocellulose biomass play a paramount role in facilitating the conversion of cellulose into glucose in the hydrolysis step. Therefore, this study is focused on the effect of hot water pretreatment on the chemical composition (cellulose and lignin) of highland bamboo of Ethiopia. The chemical composition of highland bamboo showed 46.76% (w/w) cellulose, 25.27% (w/w) lignin, 12.18% (w/w) hemicellulose, 3.77% (w/w) ash, 12.23% (w/w) hot-water extractive and 3.93% (w/w) ethanol-toluene extractives. The effect of hot water pretreatment was observed after the biomass was treated in the autoclave at 121, 128 and 135 oC with 5, 10, and 15 min pretreatment time with distilled water. The best pretreatment method was selected based on the pretreatment method which maximized the cellulose content and minimized the lignin content. Based on the selected pretreatment method a higher cellulose content of 52.44% and lower lignin content of 27.85% was achieved at 128 oC temperature and 10 min pretreatment time.

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
DONATA KRUTUL ◽  
ANDRZEJ ANTCZAK ◽  
TERESA KŁOSIŃSKA ◽  
MICHAŁ DROŻDŻEK ◽  
ANDRZEJ RADOMSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Growth Environment

The chemical composition of poplar wood in relation to the species and age of trees. The contents of the following substances: mineral substances, extractives, cellulose, lignin, holocellulose, in wood from fastgrowing poplar species (Populus deltoides x maximowiczii and Populus trichocarpa Torr and A.Gray) aged 2.5, 3, 5 and 7 years were compared to the contents of the abovementioned substances in Populus nigra L. and Populus alba L. wood, aged about 30. According to other publications, the cellulose and lignin contents increase in parallel with the tree's age. On the other hand, the comparison of cellulose content in poplar wood showed that its content did not depend from the species of tree, age and growth environment. Whereas, the content of extractives in poplar wood was dependent from the species of tree, age and growth environment. The lignin content increased slightly as a tree age, but its content in 7-year-old wood was already similar to the level to be found in the wood at the age of about 30 years. About 30-year-old wood of P. nigra and P. alba contained less holocellulose as compared to its contents in P. deltoides x maximowiczii and P. trichocarpa wood, regardless of its age.

scholarly journals Analysis by Pineapple Leaf in Chemical Pulping Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1215-1219
Author(s):  
Zawawi Daud ◽  
Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta ◽  
Angzzas Sari Mohd Kassim ◽  
Ashuvila Mohd Kassim ◽  
Halizah Awang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Banana Stem ◽  
Leaf Fiber

Malaysia has an abundance of agro waste material that have not been fully utilized to a maximum production. Thus, the finding of a new alternative fiber in non wood material will be favorable in paper production. Pineapple (Ananas Comosus) is the common tropical plant, which consists of coalesced berries. This pineapple is leading member of the family of Bromeliaceae and it came from genus Ananas. Fiber bundle from pineapple leaf can be separated from the cortex where it reveals the pineapple leaf fiber in multi-cellular and lignocelluloses pattern. This leaf has a ribbon-like structure and cemented together by lignin, pentosan-like materials, where it contributes to the strength of fiber [7]. All parts in pineapple from fruits to leaves could be consumed to give a health benefit for human life. Pineapple had been used as textile fiber, anti-inflammatory and also anti-helminthic agent. According to the FAO online database, the Malaysian country had consumed 255,000 tones per year and in third position in the world of consuming pineapple production. Pineapple is mainly produced as canned fruits and also coarse textiles in some Southeast Asian countries. Leaves of pineapple had been used as coarse textiles because of the fiber composition and structure inside the leaves [3]. All fibrous in non wood materials especially pineapple leaf consists of cellulose, holocellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin along with some extraneous material called extractives such as gum and resin. Previous research indicates pineapple leaf fiber contained higher cellulose content than wood fiber. Pineapple leaf fibers also consist of lignin [23], an adhesive component that binds the cellulose and hemicellulose. Pineapple leaf fiber had the lowest lignin content than other alternative fiber, which is favorable during chemical processing [12]. The chemical composition aspects have been considered in the previous literature, such as banana stem, coconut and oil palm and had been reported extensively. Pineapple leaf reported has a lowest lignin (10.5%) rather than banana stem (18.6%), oil palm (20.5%) and coconut (32.8%) that suggest can undergo bleaching more easily and have high fiber strength [12]. Besides that, pineapple leaf contains high holocelulose content (87.6%) than banana stem (65.2%), oil palm (83.5%) and coconut (56.3%) [11]. Those properties depend on the content of chemical composition in the pineapple leaf fiber, which is cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin content [15].

Structural Studies on Mitotic Spindle Fibres

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
J.R. Mcintosh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Medical Interest ◽  
Spindle Fibres

The mitotic apparatus is a structure of obvious biological and medical interest, but it has proved to be a difficult cellular machine to understand. The chemical composition of the spindle is only slightly elucidated, largely because of the difficulties in preparing useful isolates of the structure. Chemical studies of the mitotic spindle have been reviewed elsewhere (Mcintosh, 1977), and will not be discussed further here. One would think that structural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) in situ would be straightforward, but even with this approach there is some disagreement in the results obtained with various methods and by different investigators. In this paper I will review briefly the approaches which have been used in structural studies of the MA, pointing out the strengths and problems of each approach. I will summarize the principal findings of the different methods, and identify what seem to be fruitful avenues for further work.

Analysis of Sound Reduction and Strong Drag Composite Concrete Fibers Gedebok Banana Results Delignification with Sodium Hydroxide Solvent (Naoh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rouf Suprayogi ◽  
Annisa Mufida ◽  
Edwin Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Sound Reduction

In composite science, desirable materials that are lighter but have the power and quality that can match or even exceed the material that has been there before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cellulose fiber addition from banana gedebok to tensile strength, compressive strength and damping of concrete composite sound. To achieve this objective, mixing of cellulose fibers with K-275 quality concrete mix with variation of 0% and 5% substitution in which the cellulose is varied in powder and wicker form. Delignification of lignin content from banana gedebok was done by soaking and drying method without any variation and yielding powder having cellulose content of 13,0388%, hemicellulose 18,2796% and lignin 0,6684%. This study produces concrete composites that have a tensile strength and a compressive strength lower than that of normal concrete. Normally reinforced concrete tensile strength value 94.5 kg / cm2, 71.4 kg / cm2 cellulose powder concrete and 90.3 kg / cm2 cellulose woven concrete. Normal concrete compressive strength value 334,22 kg / cm2, cellulose powder concrete 215,7 kg / cm2, and cellulose webbing concrete 157,98 kg / cm2. As for the power damping sound of cellulose webbing concrete has the highest damping power compared to other concrete with the absorbed sound intensity that is 52-68 dB

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